topic: final exam review aim: let’s review scientific method and measurement hw: start studying...

Topic: Final Exam ReviewAim: Let’s review Scientific Method and Measurement

HW: Start studying for Friday’s Final Part 1.

Measurement Units

Length

Mass

Volume of a regular solid

Volume of a liquid

Density of a solid

Density of a liquid

mm, cm, m, km

g

cm3

mL or Lg/cm3

g/mL

Metric rulerMeasures lengthMm, cm, m Triple Beam Balance

Measures Massg, kg

Graduated cylinderMeasures volumemL or L

Mass = 137.4 gm

1. Identify the method used.DISPLACEMENT

2. What is measured?VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID

3. Identify the units.g/mLgcm3

Volume of water:

4.2mL

Volume of water with dinosaur:

5.6mL

Volume of dinosaur

1.4mL

3cm x 2cm x 5cm30cm3

Why are the icebergs floating?

They are less dense than the water.

They have a density less than 1g/mL.

The experiment on the right is performed to determine if radish seeds take in oxygen as they germinate. Methylene blue is a chemical that is blue when oxygen is present, but is colorless when oxygen is not present. Containers A and B each contained 200 mL of water and 10 drops of methylene blue. Ten radish seeds were added to container A. Container B had no radish seeds.1. State the problem.2. Identify the independent variable.3. Identify the dependent variable.4. Identify the control group.5. Identify a constant or control.6. What can be done to make the

results more relaible?

A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 mm to 12 mm in size. The student was making(1)an inference (2) a prediction(3) a hypothesis (4) an observation

All of the liquid from a test tube is poured into abeaker, as shown in the diagram below.

Compared to the liquid that was in the test tube,the liquid in the beaker has(1) a different volume, but the same shape(2) a different volume and a different shape(3) the same volume, but a different shape(4) the same volume and the same shape

The diagram below shows water in a graduatedcylinder.

A student states that the graduated cylindercontains 150 mL of water. This statement is(1) a prediction (3) a theory(2) an observation (4) a hypothesis

The diagram below shows 20 grams of two different materials, A and B, on a laboratory balance.

Compared to material A, material B has a different(1) density (3) phase(2) mass (4) shape

A new idea that is tested in a scientific experiment is known as a(an)

1. theory 2. hypothesis 3. inference 4. observation

Why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable?1. A hypothesis requires no further investigation. 2. A hypothesis may lead to further investigation

even if it is disproved by the experiment. 3. A hypothesis requires no further investigation if it

is proved by the experiment. 4. A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion

even if it is disproved by the experiment.

E

G

H

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Nucleolus

ER

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Identify the processes below. Cell RespirationC6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + 36ATP

PhotosynthesisCO2 + H20 O2 + H20 + C6H12O6

Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems  (2) tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems(3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs(4) organs, organisms, organ systems, cells

When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,

(1) lactic acid is produced (2) a large amount of ATP is formed(3) NADH molecules split (4) oxidative respiration occurs

Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of

(1) lactic acid fermentation (2)alcoholic fermentation (3)aerobic respiration (4) glycolysis

1. What type of transport does this picture represent?

2. Explain your answer. Active transport

Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.

The diagram above shows the same type of molecule in area A and area B. With the  passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of  __________.passive transport

The basic life functions of an organism are carried on by(1) cells (2) atoms(3) nutrients (4) hormones

Which substance do all living things require to survive?(1)blood (2) carbon dioxide(3) water (4) organic soil

One important difference between living things and nonliving things is that only living things have(1)compounds (2) molecules(3) elements (4) cells

In order to survive, all organisms must have(1)chlorophyll (2) energy(3) carbon dioxide (4) blood

The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as(1) evolution (2) circulation(3) metabolism (4) reproduction

Identify all systems below.

Skeletal Muscular Circulatory Nervous

Respiratory Digestive Excretory

What system is represented in the diagram?

Excretory system

Removes metabolic wastes from the body.

1. What system is represented in the diagram?2. Identify the function of this system. Respiratory

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between internal and external environments.

Y Z

Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their functions.

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelet

Produce antibodies and engulf pathogens

Carry oxygen Blood clotting

Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood sugar levels. The diagram below shows the feedbacksystem used by the human body to increase and decrease blood sugar levels.

This feedback system is one way that the human body(1) circulates gases (3) destroys viruses(2) maintains equilibrium (4) transports nutrients

The diagram below shows part of the humanExcretory system.

The structures shown are primarily involved in(1) transporting blood (3) removing wastes(2) producing sex cells (4) breaking down food

Asexually produced offspring are genetically(1) identical to the parent(2) different from the parent(3) different from each other(4) formed by two parents

The series of diagrams below shows a single-celled organism and its offspring that resulted from cell division over a period of 20 hours.

If the organisms continue to reproduce asexually at this same rate, how many organisms will there be after 30 hours?(1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 7 (4) 16

The diagram below shows information about thereproduction and development of a rabbit.Which letter in the diagram represents fertilization?(1)A (2)B(3) C (4) D

The diagram shows four stages in the development of a human after fertilization.

Between stages A and D, which process must occur?(1) mutation (3) cell division(2) sexual reproduction (4) extinction

Which sequence of development is correct?(1) fertilized egg → tissues → organ systems → organs(2) fertilized egg → organ systems → organs → tissues(3) fertilized egg → organs → tissues → organ systems(4) fertilized egg → tissues → organs → organ systems

Which statement describes a method of sexualreproduction that occurs in plants?(1) Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots.(2) Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant.(3) Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants.(4) A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows.

The diagram below shows a cross section of abean seed.

The function of part X in the bean seed is to(1) provide protection for the embryo(2) provide nutrients for the embryo(3) prevent mutations in the plant(4) fight off infections in the plant.

Which process is represented by the diagrambelow?

(1) asexual reproduction(2) ecological succession(3) photosynthesis(4) metamorphosis

Which process involves choosing certain organisms to reproduce with one another in order to pass on specific, desirable traits to their offspring?(1) selective breeding(2) asexual reproduction(3) resource acquisition(4) natural selection

A Punnett square is shown below. The dominanttrait is represented by R. The recessive trait isrepresented by r.

What percentage of the offspring will mostlikely show the dominant trait?(1) 25% (2) 75% (3) 50% (4) 100%

Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of(1) hormones(2) DNA molecules(3) minerals and water(4) undigested food molecules

The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to alighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbitto blend in with its surroundings. This change isan example of(1) extinction(2) competition(3) biological adaptation(4) ecological succession

Animals may fight, make threatening sounds,and act aggressively toward members of thesame species. These behaviors usually occur asthe result of(1) competition (3) decomposition(2) conservation (4) pollution

The diagram shows how modern types of flowers developed from early types of flowers over the last75 million years.

Which process is represented in this diagram?(1) evolution (3) selective breeding(2) photosynthesis (4) ecological succession

When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become(1)extinct (2) diverse(3) dominant (4) overpopulated

The diagram below shows a cross section of a portion of Earth’s crust that has not been overturned. LettersA, B, C, and D represent sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils.

Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils?(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of(1) adaptations for flight(2) responses to stimuli(3) unnecessary body parts(4) reproductive structures

The diagram below shows a food chain.

Which organisms in this food chain are herbivores?(1) green plants (3) birds(2) caterpillars (4) snakes

Some microorganisms cause human disease. Other microorganisms are used in making cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the relationship between humans and microorganisms can be(1) beneficial, only(2) harmful, only(3) beneficial or harmful

The diagram below shows several different organisms found in an area.

The worms in the diagram represent(1) a community (3) a habitat(2) an ecosystem (4) a population

Different species of carnivorous animals that share the same habitat in an ecosystem may(1) become decomposers(2) compete for food(3) produce their own food(4) mate with each other

What is the nutrient source for some fungi?(1)sunlight (2) carbon dioxide(3) oxygen (4) dead organisms

In which organisms could evolution occur most rapidly?(1) humans (2) birds(3) fish (4) bacteria

The diagram below shows how a plant community changed over 300 years.

Which process caused the gradual changes shown in this plant community?(1) urban growth (3) environmental pollution(2) global warming (4) ecological succession

Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers to produce more crops. However, overuse of these chemicals can result in(1) ecological succession(2) material recycling(3) environmental pollution(4) selective breeding

Which of the following is not an element?

1. oxygen 2. carbon dioxide3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen

In sweetened tea, the sugar is called the

1. solute. 2. solvent. 3. colloid. 4. solution.

The substances in a mixture can be separated by physical means because

1. no chemical change occurs when the substances are combined.

2. the physical and chemical properties of the substances change.

3. none of the properties of the substances change.

4. the chemical, but not the physical, properties of the substances change.

Which activity is an example of a chemical change?(1) dissolving table salt in water(2) hammering aluminum into thin sheets(3) melting gold to make jewelry(4) burning wood to produce ashes

Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Support your answer.

Gas- Atoms are very

loosely packed- High energy

atoms- No definite

shape or volume

- Take shape of closed container

Solid- Atoms are

tightly packed

- Particles vibrate

- Definite shape and volume

Liquid- Atoms are

loosely packed- Definite

volume- No definite

shape - Take the shape

of a container

Identify the phase change described. 1. Solid to liquid:2. Gas to liquid:3. Liquid to solid: 4. Solid to gas: 5. Liquid to gas:

melting

condensation

freezing

sublimation

vaporization

Energy absorbed

Energy releasedEnergy released

Energy absorbed

Energy absorbed

The elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium are all found in the same group (16) on the table. What do we know about the elements in that family?

They have similar BUT NOT IDENTICAL properties.

1. In what family is neon found?2. What do we call those elements in that group?

Family 18

Noble gases

Which device produces mechanical energy?1. A battery2. A light bulb3. A moving bicycle4. A candle

Which resource is considered nonrenewable?(1) wind power (2) moving water(3) solar energy (4) fossil fuels

Which form of energy are x rays and ultraviolet light?(1)nuclear (2) electromagnetic (3) heat (4) chemical

Sound will not travel in a(1)solid (2) gas(3) liquid (4) vacuum

The picture below shows a bird landing at a bird feeder outside a window.

The image of this bird in the window is the result of light being(1) absorbed (2) transmitted(3) reflected (4) refracted

The diagram below shows what occurs when a ray of light strikes and enters a pond.

Which property of light is illustrated when the ray enters the pond?(1) refraction (2) absorption(3) reflection (4) emission

A student pushes against a tree with a force of 10N. The tree does not move. What is the amount of force exerted by the tree on the student? (1) 0 N (2) 10 N (3) 5 N (4) 20 N

The person using the track with the rollers uses less energy to load the box because the rollers reduce the(1)mass of the box (2) distance traveled by the box (3) force of gravity(4) force of friction

Which of the following statements best describes the force of Earth’s gravity on a rocket moving upwards?1. The gravitational force is constant at all

altitudes. 2. The gravitational force is weaker when

the rocket is higher. 3. The gravitational force is stronger when

the rocket is higher.4. The gravitational force is zero when the

altitude is greater than 10, 000 miles.