toshio kosuge energy conservation & renewable energy department
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Toshio KOSUGE
Energy Conservation & Renewable Energy Department
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy(ANRE)
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI)
February, 2012
Principally in Asia, but the energy demands of the world are expected to rise rapidly to about 1.3 times the current amounts by 2030. The energy supply structure will be hard pressed, due to the intensification of the competition to acquire resources among the countries of consumption, such as China.
Japan has the lowest self sufficiency rate among the major industrialized nations.
2
Outlook of global energy
IndiaApprox.
1.9 times
China Approx.
1.7 times
Source: World Energy Outlook 2010.
International comparison of energy self sufficiency rates (FY2009)
(19%)(35%)
(44%)(70%)
(53%)
(85%)* The self sufficiency rate is for instances where atomic power is imported.(Figures inside brackets are for instances where atomic power is considered to be produced domestically.)
OverallApprox.
1.3 times
200812,271
203016,014
Current global conditions surrounding energy and energy supply structure of Japan Current global conditions surrounding energy and energy supply structure of Japan
(Petroleum equivalent in million tons)
Others
Africa
Middle East
Central and South America
India
China
Asia (excluding Japan, China, India and Korea)Russia
Eastern Europe and Central AsiaJapan
USA
OECD (excluding Japan and USA)
China
USA
UK France
Germ
any
Japan
Italy
Source: Calculated from statistics published by IEA.
Energy Efficiency in Japan Primary energy supply per GDP unit of each country
(2007)
Japan = 1
(Source) “ Calculated according to IEA Energy Balances of OECD/Non-OECD Countries(2009edition) “
1.3
2.1
5.1
5.76.0
7.5
2.8
Source: Nippon-Keidanren International Cooperation Center Excerpt from Outline of Follow-up Result, 2007 (dated November 14, 2007) (http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/materials/downloadfiles/g70216a04j.pdf)
80
100
120
150
Japan Germany US France China
80
90
100
110
120
Japan Asian industrial countries
West Europe
US and Canada
60
80
100
120
140
160
Japan Sweden Canada US
50
100
150
200
Japan West Europe
Korea Latin America
China US Russia
80
100
110
120
130
Japan Korea EU China US Russia
80
100
120
140
Japan Korea China US East Europe
West Europe
50
100
150
200
250
Japan Europe Asia North America
Latin America
80
100
120
140
Japan World
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making 1kWh electricity by thermal power generation (FY2004)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making 1ton of iron (FY2003)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making 1kl of petroleum product (FY2002)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making 1ton of electrolytic caustic soda (FY2003)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making 1ton of paper and paper board (FY2003)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for refining copper
Comparison of energy indices necessary for the rolling process of aluminum board
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making 1ton of cement intermediate product (clinker) (FY2003)
(Source: ECOFYS (Netherlands))
(Source: Solomon Associates)
(Source: ANRE, Statistics Annual Report (UK), Environmental Report (Canada), etc.)
(Source: Battelle Research Center)
(Source: Japan Iron Steel Federation)
(Source: Chemical Economic Handbook, etc.)
(Source: Japan Mining Association)
(Source: International Aluminum Association, etc.)
100
111114
137145
100101 102
113
100
123134
144
100
130 131145 152
177 178
100105
110
120 120125
100 100104
110115 119
100
133143 154
202
100
127
Energy Consumption Efficiency of Each SectorEnergy Consumption Efficiency of Each Sector
Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy
1. Regulation Energy Efficiency Law : Enacted 1979
2. Promotion - Tax incentive - Subsidies (including for R&D) - Preferential interest rate, etc.
3. Voluntary Action
Industrial sector
Commercial
Transportation sector
Energy management obligation by Energy Conservation Law (by an unit of a company )
residential
Energy management obligation by Energy Conservation Law(Carrier, Consignor)Enhancement of energy efficiency of buildings and
residences by Energy Conservation Law
Subsidies for promoting energy efficient facilities (high-efficient building , high-performance industrial furnace etc.)
Housing Eco-points System
Top Runner Program
Tax incentive for energy efficient reform of residence,
Promotion of high fuel economy vehicles(clean energy vehicles)
Tax incentive / Low-interest loan
Regulation
Energy-saving labeling
Energy Conservation Law
Budget and Tax
Voluntary action
Commercial/residential sector
Overview of Japan’s energy efficiency policy
Promotion
Voluntary
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Subsidies for promoting energy efficiency technological development
Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy
<Regulations> in each factories/offices - Energy Management System - Energy Managers saving-energy experts assigned mandatory - Reporting of Energy Consumption to the Gov.
* Chain-Stores included → expansion of coverage
① Factories/Offices *
Encouraging Energy Management System
Energy managers must be assigned in every factory/in every factory/
office office with a certain quantity of energy consumption.
Encouraging their management by awarding best awarding best practicespractices
<Regulations> - Carriers, Consigners - Setting higher fuel efficiency standard
<Voluntary Action> - “Eco Drive”, “Idling Stop” method of driving
② Transportation
<Regulations> - Constructors, Retailers
③ Houses/Buildings
<Regulations> - “Top Runner” Program
④ Automobiles/Electronics
Top Runner Program
Passenger vehicles
< Improvement of energy efficiency>< Products>
22.5 %( FY1995→FY2005 )
Air-conditioners67.8 %
( FY1997→FY2004 )
Electric refrigerators
55.2 %( FY1998→FY2004 )
TV sets25.7 %
( FY1997→FY2003 )
Present Energy situation after the Great Earthquake of Japan
Unit
4
Unit
3
Unit
1Unit
2
Unit
5
Unit
6
TEPCO Air Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata Japan)
Before the Earthquake and Tsunamis After the Earthquake and Tsunamis
Nuclear Power Stations
TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
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Tokyo Electric Power Company supplies electricity to an area with 42 million people and 40% of Japan’s GDP, but lost 40% of its generation capacity after the earthquake and tsunami.
Peak Demand of the Month in 2010
Peak Demand of the Month in 2011
Supply Capacity of TEPCO in 2011
33GW(Apr.15)
49GW(Aug.18)
42GW(Jun.28)
46GW(Jul.15)
Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan
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Large-volume-electricity customers (enterprises with contract for supply of 500kW or more)
Small-volume-electricity customers (enterprises with contract for supply below 500 kW)
Approaches across several fields(1) Voluntary formulation and implementation of plans for
suppressing the power consumption in the peak time zone(2) Application of Article 27 of the Electricity Business Act
(Restriction on Use of Electricity)
(1) Presentation of examples of electricity-saving measures(2) Encouragement of formulation and announcement of
voluntary electricity-saving action plans(3) Electricity-saving supporters’ visits
(1) Presentation of examples of electricity-saving measures (2) Request for electricity saving through media (3) Distribution of “Electricity-saving education” materials to
elementary and junior high schools
Households (1) Urgent electricity-saving request was made when there was a concern for rolling blackout implementation
(2) Information provision via TV, radio, mobile phones, and disaster-prevention public address system
(1)Development of electricity-saving campaign
(2) Thorough visualization of electricity supply–demand data (“Denki Yoho (Electricity Forecast)”)
(3) “Tight supply-demand balance alert” to notify the tight supply-demand balance
Supply–Demand Measures for last Summer Major measures taken regarding demand to secure the supply-demand balance
during this summer are as follows:
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The measures taken regarding supply for ensuring a supply-demand balance this summer were mainly as follows: *Service Areas of Tokyo Electric Power Co.(TEPCO) and Tohoku EPCO Power Co.
5.5 million kW
The decrease of electricity supply capacity of TEPCO and Tohoku EPCO due to the effects of earthquake and tsunami ・・▲ 26 million kW
- =The decrease of supply capacity
▲26 million kW
The supplement supply capacity owing mainly to the above supply measures (1) - (5)
+ 20.5 million kW
[Measures taken by the Government](1) Approach for relaxing some
regulations e.g.; Periodic inspection of thermal power generation stations under the Electricity Business Act shall
be allowed to be postponed for one year at most.(2) Promoting introduction of private power generation plants and decentralized
generation plants
[Measures taken by the utilities](3) Restoration of the disaster-affected thermal power stations(4) Restart of thermal power stations that have been stopped for a long time(5) Installation of urgent power supply (gas turbines etc.)
*(4) &(5): on the basis of installed capacity
Supply Measures last Summer
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1. This winter, we would like to request electricity saving to keep an appropriate supply–demand balance and avoid restriction of electricity use or implementation of rolling blackouts. On the basis of the summary of this summer, we would like to make a request for electricity saving within the scope where enterprises can minimize the impact on production and operation.
2. We are still examining the supply-demand balance for this winter, but it is estimated that the balance will be tight in the Kansai and Kyushu Electric Power Company areas with a high ratio of nuclear power generation.
3. “Electricity Supply-Demand Measures for this winter” is released on 1st of November ,2011.
January
(10,000 kW) Hokkaido
Tohoku Tokyo Chubu Kansai Hokuriku Chugoku
Shikoku Kyushu
-80(-1.1%)
-33(-0.4%)
-113(-0.7%)
Maximum electricity demand 579 1,420 5,150 2,342 2,665 528 1,074 520 1,533
7,069 8,629 15,698
(Reference 1) Forecast of Supply and Demand This Winter Estimated at the Energy and Environment Conference on July 29
(Reference 2) Nuclear Power Generation Ratio of the Electricity Utilities (based on FY 2009 power generation)
Hokkaido Tohoku Tokyo Chubu Kansai Hokuriku Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu
34.1% 21.6% 27.9% 13.3% 45.1% 35.0% 14.6% 40.6% 41.6%
Measures for Balancing Supply and Demand for this Winter
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Thank you for your attention!
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