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FilmFour
Section B exam prep
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In order to succeed
Develop a case study on a film studio which
produces or distributed films to the UK
Your study will cover production, distribution,
exhibition and consumption
FilmFour/ working title is the chosen company
and you MUST focus on this in the exam with
specific films used
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the issues raised by media ownership in contemporarymedia practice;
the importance of cross media convergence and synergy inproduction, distribution and marketing;
the technologies that have been introduced in recent yearsat the levels of production, distribution, marketing andexchange;
the significance of proliferation in hardware and content forinstitutions and audiences;
the importance of technological convergence forinstitutions and audiences;
the issues raised in the targeting of national and local
audiences (specifically, British) by international or globalinstitutions;
the ways in which the candidates own experiences
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What is a British film?
A setting in the UK? or
A focus on British people abroad?
A predominantly British cast? A storyline about some aspect of British life?
Based on the work of a British author?
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The importance of a national film
industry
Significant returns for the UK economy
through film making, inward investment, filmexhibition, DVD rentals and sales, film exports
The UK Film Council estimates that a
successful Brit film will make up to 70% of itsrevenue outside the UK
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Question
If a film addresses a domesticaudience about culturallyspecific themes, is it likely tofind wider distribution
difficult? Will non British people want
to see the film?
What significant advantagedo British filmmakers haveover European filmmakers?
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British Cinema and Hollywood
British film production companies have co-production and distribution with Hollywoodstudios
British films can be funded and distributedby US companies
Decisions on which British films to produce
and how to market them are often based onthe tastes of both domestic and Americanaudiences
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Hollywood a brief overview
Hollywood is built around studios
Companies who aim to make money from
films
Why are Hollywood blockbuster movies so
successful?
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The Challenge of Hollywood
In general Hollywood has been able to
continually re-invent itself by responding to a
changing marketplace and taking advantage ofnew opportunities offered by new
technologies
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Recent British Cinema
British film has become more confident in
expanding its range to include a wider cross-
section of ethnic groupings, gender groupings
and cultural groupings
Promoting diversity and offering a more
representative and inclusive national identity
Slumdog is a recent example!
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A distinctive cinema?
180 million tickets sold yearly
Inward investment to
improve the cinemagoing
experience
80% of admissions come out
of mainstream American
distributors
British themes and values
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Hollywood realised that there is serious money tobe made in international distribution so theyinvest heavily
They retain the rights to their films so secureprofits for many years
British film industry is production led wherebydistribution is usually through an Americancompany
Any money made is not going back into theBritish film industry
Cottage industry
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More challenges
British film industry unable to respond to
increasing audience demand
Hollywood has diversified and strengthened to
develop links with other media and delivery
platforms creating vast media empires
examples?
Global market at $63 billion in 2003
US takes 80% of this global market
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FilmFour
A British production company finances British films
1982 1998 known as Channel 4 film
Part of channel 4s remit was to experiment and
innovate and cater for audiences not addressed byother channels
Nowadays they fund around 20 films per year
A number of films are by first time feature
screenwriters or directors They look for distinctive films which will make their
mark in a competitive cinema market
Television premieres on FilmFour Channel and Channel
4 2 years after theatrical release
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David Rose, commissioningeditor, a preference forcontemporary and socialpolitical topics
My Beautiful Laundrette(1985) portrayed thehomosexual relationshipbetween a white fascist
and a Omar, born in Britainto Pakistani parents.
Main audiences werecontemporary criticalaudiences in the 20 30
age ranges Before Laundrette, a large
percentage of the Britishpopulation went largelyunrepresented
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1996
Starring Ewan McGregor in his 2nd film Directed by Danny Boyle a British director
A co-production with Figment Films, Polygram
and The Noel Gay Motion Picture co. Budget $3,500,000
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Research the marketing of
Trainspotting
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUOTs55K
Y40
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iKFn8dlx
X8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN90xB7
DswE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbGhC47
NSmY
http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=N8X9BtN
mSi &feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUOTs55KY40http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUOTs55KY40http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iKFn8dlxX8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iKFn8dlxX8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN90xB7DswEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN90xB7DswEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbGhC47NSmYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbGhC47NSmYhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbGhC47NSmYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbGhC47NSmYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN90xB7DswEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN90xB7DswEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iKFn8dlxX8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iKFn8dlxX8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUOTs55KY40http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUOTs55KY40 -
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Marketing
David Aukin, Head of Drama at Four Films it
isnt really about drugsits a buddy movie
US critics compared the movie to Kubricks A
Clockwork Orange Both are anti-social-realist films dealing with
subjects gangs, violence, drugs which are
stylised and fast-paced. Both are independent films which shocked the
critics and audiences
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Marketing
However Trainspotting was more an object of youthculture or popular culture than it was cinematic
Britpop was Trainspotting's main vehicle to integrateyouth subculture into popular culture.
Polygram put large sums of money into a sophisticatedmarketing and branding strategy including posters anda soundtrack
Knew film would appeal to clubbers and ravers sotargeted theseUnderworlds Born Slippy became amassive hit from the soundtrack
Film gained distribution in the US although it did needsubtitles!
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Synergy
The brand Trainspotting
Soundtrack
Posters
DVDs
Copied of the screenplay
Reprinting of Welshs novel featuring the
poster on the cover
Music cross-promotion
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Four Weddings and a Funeral
1994
Starring Hugh Grant and
Andie MacDowell
Co-production with Polygramand Working Title
Budget $6,000,000
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+wed
dings+and+a+funeral+trailer&
aq=3
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=four+weddings+and+a+funeral+trailer&aq=3 -
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Marketing
Played upon aspects of nationalidentity
Played upon the more nave
elements of Britishness
Hugh Grants quintessentialfumbling middle class gentleman
Appealing to an Americanaudience
A universal storyline of romanceand a feel good happy ending
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Slumdog Millionaire
2008
Funded by Film4
Co-production with Celador and Pathe Directed by Danny Boyle
Budget $15,000,000
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIzbwV7on6Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIzbwV7on6Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIzbwV7on6Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIzbwV7on6Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIzbwV7on6Q -
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1990s under David Aukin
Typical cost rose from 400k to 1.8million
Trainspotting and Four Weddings were hugely
successful although appealed to very different
audiences
Trainspotting was a low budget film which had
carved itself a niche audience
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Representation and Cultural Identity
FilmFour films explored and developed ideas
of cultural hybridity
East is East
The first British film representing hybrid and
ever changing cultural and social mix in Britain
making it into mainstream multiplex cinemas.
Brick Lane (2007) won a BAFTA
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Problems
One of FilmFour's biggest problems has been
competing for cinema space with
multinational film companies, whose films
account for more than two thirds of UK boxoffice takings. FilmFour blames the poor box
office results on its lack of clout in the
distribution market rather than the quality ofits films. (BBC on Film Four Partner Search)
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Film Four channel
Originally only subscribers could access thechannel
The company wasnt making enough moneythrough subscriptions alone
Relaunched the channel in July 2006 as afreeview channel
Believed they could make more money throughadvertising
Has become the Uks largest free film channelavailable to 18 million homes
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Supply and Demand
Why do you go to the cinema?
What other options are available to you if you
want to see a film?
What are the pros and cons of these options?
So why do you still go to the cinema?!
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Changing patterns of consumption
Young people are increasingly watch films onsmall screens using various models of DVDplayers
Cinema admissions in Britain fell by 4% in2005 and US box-office by 9%
Trend towards home consumption began in
the 1960s when studios realised they coulduse television to show films long after theyhad passed their sell-by date in the cinema
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VHS to DVD
1970s VHS was introduced
1980s satellite was introduced
DVDs have pushed VHS out of the home What are the advantages of DVD over VHS?
What are some drawbacks for the studios?
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Synergy
Massive corporations may be able to
Publicise and advertise their films via their
own print, sound and visual media arms
Put out associated books and music, again
from within their own organisation
Show their films via their own various TV and
cinema outlets
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Film Four and synergy
A major issue for FilmFour is that it does NOT
own its own exhibition theatrical chain
What issues might this raise for FilmFour?
Synergy was not always apparent at the
company as in 2003 Ali G went to Working
Title!
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New technologies and the consumer
An improved overall experience as a result of better soundand images reproduction
A heightened emotional experience as a result of a strongersense of empathy with characters who in some way seemmore real
Enhanced spectacle
Improved ease of access
New, easier and intensified ways of using film to pleasurethemselves e.g. IMAX
Enhanced intellectual experience The chance for new, ever cheaper and more compact
devices to make films for themselves
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New technologies and the film industry
The chance to repackage and resell old products,esp cult films, thereby establishing a newaudience base for an old product
An opportunity to place products for sale in anew window thereby lengthening thecommercial life of each film
The chance to encourage multiple purchases of
essentially the same product A means of still managing to make profit on films
that initially perform poorly at the box office
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New technologies and the cinema
experience
New technologies have always added to the
cinema experience
The size/quality of the spectacle have been
enhanced
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Also available in a standard DVD edition, the Blu-ray version ofSlumdogMillionaire argues effectively for a conversion over onto the new format.The film looks sensation here, and this is coming from someone who sawthe movie twice in theaters. The use of color that Boyle excels at isheightened here, the attention to detail and panoramic vistas recreatedsuperbly within the 2.35:1, AVCX 1080p encode. RememberBoyle
utilized both 35mm stock and digital cameras to capture the action, sothere will be a definite distinction between the two. The use of grain, theoccasional muddiness and lack of clarity are artistic choices on thedirector's part (his accompanying commentary track assures us of same).Sonically, the Blu-ray comes with only one audio mixan English-Hindi5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio that engages all the channels withoutsubjecting us to aural chaos. Indeed, the balance between dialogue and
ambient elements is excellent, and the use of music and effects reallyelevate the overall immersive effect. While the film itself is subtitled outof necessity, there are optional SDH, French, and Spanish translationsoffered.
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Slumdog Blu ray
Boyle and Patel take the audience through thebackstreets and countryside of India
Interviews with Beaufoy
Deleted scenes Making-of
Music video for Bombay Liquid Dance
Trailers Short film entitled Manjha
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