transactional analysis

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS – THE TRANSACTION ANALYSIS

BY: SOFT SKILLS WORLD

What is a Transaction?• Is an interaction between two people A & B

• Technically in an interaction two factors are involved: Stimuli and Response

Stimuli – No controlResponse – Absolute & Management (Partial) control

More on Interpersonal Skills…

• Effectively Translating and conveying information

• Being able to accurately interpret other

• people’s emotions

• Being sensitive to other people’s feelings

• Calmly arriving at resolutions to conflict

• Avoiding gossip

• Being polite

Need for IP Skills• Families stay nuclear. Help is scarce• Friends change faster• Colleagues change faster than friends• Clients now call up and ask rather• than wait for your fax/ email• Your team interacts with other teams• Hierarchy is flattened, so your• Co-workers increase• People work as team• Collective intellect is very effective for all types of problems• A good interpersonal skill will allow you to network

effortlessly and effectively

Understanding Interpersonal Relationships…

• Interpersonal Relationships are transactional living connections with other people developed through communication

Interpersonal Relationships (Categories can overlap)

Relationship of Circumstance- Unintentional circumstances bring people together Eg: Classmates, workgroup

Relationship of Choice- Intentionally seek out and develop relationships Eg: Friends

Self Disclosure…

• Self-disclosure is seen as a useful strategy for sharing information with others. By sharing information, we become more intimate with other people and our interpersonal relationship is strengthened

• Self Disclosure means purposefully provide information to others about yourself that they otherwise would not know or discover

Functions of Self-Disclosure …

• Self-disclosure is a way of gaining information about another person. We want to be able to predict the thoughts and actions of people we know

• Self-disclosure is one way to learn about how another person thinks and feels. Once one person engages in self-disclosure, it is implied that the other person will also disclose personal information. This is known as the norm of reciprocity

• Mutual disclosure deepens trust in the relationships and helps both people understand each other more. You also come to feel better about yourself and your relationship when the other person accepts what you tell them

Let’s Take a Test

What is TA?Transactional analysis is an analytical thinking process that provides insight and gives control over actions and reactions.

In dealings with the people around you, it is helpful to understand what emotional states they are coming from, and how important your own reactions are.

Where does the Stimuli come from?

Parent Child Adult

EGO STATES

Objectives of the Program• Explain the concept of Stimuli and Response

• Identify the types of transactional behavior

• Considering the best ways of responses

Ego States• Taught Concept – Parent Ego State- Behaviors, Thoughts and Feelings copied from parents or parent figures

• Felt Concept – Child Ego State- Behaviors, Thoughts and Feelings which are direct responses to the here

& now

• Thought Concept – Adult Ego State- Behaviors, Thoughts and Feelings

replayed from childhood.

Parent

Child

Adult

Types of PAC and Behaviors

Parent

Child

Adult

Critical Parent

Nurturing Parent

Positive

Natural Child

Adaptive Child

Negative

Positive

Negative

Positive

Negative

Positive

Negative

PAC Transaction Model

Adult

– C.P.

+ C.P.

– N.P.

+ N.P.

+ N.C.

– N.C.

+A.C.

– A.C.

P

A

C

Goo

d Ar

ea

Not so good area

Not so good area

Complementary Transaction

PAC Transaction Model

Adult

– C.P.

+ C.P.

– N.P.

+ N.P.

+ N.C.

– N.C.

+A.C.

– A.C.

P

A

C

Goo

d Ar

ea

Not so good area

Not so good area

Cross Transaction

Tactful ConversationsT = Think before you speakA = Apologize quickly when you blunderC = Converse, don’t competeT = Time your commentsF = Focus on behavior – not personalityU = Uncover hidden feelingsL = Listen to feedback

JOHARI WINDOW

Objectives• Understanding the concept

• Differentiating an Individual’s behaviors with different level of people

• Defining the process of increasing the size of ideal pane

• Identifying the key points in seeking feedback

Questionnaire• Refer your workbook

Background• The Johari Window model was developed by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in the 1950s, while researching group dynamics

• The Johari Window model is a simple and useful tool for illustrating and improving self-awareness, and mutual understanding between individuals within a group. The Johari Window tool can also be used to assess and improve an individual's relationship with others.

Relevance

• What is the biggest differentiator of human race

Four panes of Johari window

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden Area Dark Area / Unknown

SELF

Know Don’t Know

OTH

ERS

Know

Don’t

Know

Different Designs of J/W Window

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden AreaDark Area / Unknown

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden Area Dark Area / Unknown

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden Area Dark Area

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden Area Dark Area / Unknown

TURTLE INTERVIEWER

BULL IN CHINA SHOP PUBLIC

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden Area Dark Area / Unknown

Impact of this window on Me

Low

• Communication with others

• Trust either ways

• Opportunities meeting my talent

How will others see me?

• Closed

• Not approachable

• Poor Listener

• Not to be depended on……..

Turtle

INTERVIEWER

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden AreaDark Area / Unknown

Impact of this window on Me

Low

• Communication with others

• Trust either ways

• Self exploiter

How will others see me?

• Seen as dominant

• Not approachable

• Poor Listener

• Unreliable

• Irritating

BULL IN CHINA SHOP

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden Area

Dark Area / Unknown

Impact of this window on Me

Low

• Communication with others

• Unsecured

• In efficient

How will others see me?

• Insensitive

• Poor Listener

• Over confident

• Evasive

PUBLIC

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden AreaDark Area / Unknown

Impact of this window on Me

High

• Communication with others

• Trust either ways

• Good cooperation

• Conflict free

• Balanced Personality

How will others see me?

• Reliable & Trustworthy

• Highly approachable

• Good Listener

• Effective team member

The Public Pane• Larger size of “Open Arena” pane is the recommended one

• What are the ways to expand the size of the Open arena

- Sharing Information

- Seeking Feedback

Key points in seeking feedback

• Keep open mind

• Be an active listener

• Do not defend / Argue

• Seek clarification

• Take notes of the discussion

• Commit to change

• Follow up on notes

• Courtesy

TIPS TO DEVELOP GOOD INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

• SMILE

• BE APPRECIATIVE

• PAY ATTENTION TO OTHERS

• PRACTICE ACTIVE LISTENING

• BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER

• RESOLVE CONFLICTS AMICABLY

• COMMUNICATE CLEARLY

• HAVE A SENSE OF HUMOUR

• SEE IT FROM THEIR SIDE –EMPATHY

• DON’T COMPLAIN

TIPS TO DEVELOP GOOD INTERPERSONAL SKILLS