trees with edible parts in forest and agroforests in jambi landscape

1WorldAgroforestryCentre

TreeswithediblepartsinforestandagroforestsinJambilandscape

HestiL.Tata,SubektiRahayu,HartiNingsihWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF‐SEA)

PresentationOutline:

• Populationvsriceproduction

• Rubberagroforests(RAF)

• Briefdescriptionofresearchsites

• TreediversityofforestandRAF

• Treeswithedibleparts

• SimilaritybetweenforestandRAF

• Challengesofagroforestrysystems

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PopulationvsRiceProduction

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Source:StatisticsIndonesia,2012

Source:StatisticsIndonesia,2012

‐Indonesiaisthelargestriceconsumer.Riceconsumptionis140kgofriceperpersonperyear.‐‐MDG1:eradicatepovertyandhunger.‐‐Challengesforagroforestrysystemstoprovidefoodinmix‐plantingbetweentreesandcrops.

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ComplexRAF

SimpleRAF

Rubbermonoculture

Sitecharacteristics

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LandcoverLandcover change in change in BungoBungo district in district in 1973-20081973-2008

Source:LandscapeMosaicBungoTeam(2008)

2008

Driversfordeforestationatlandscapelevel:(i) Landconversion(tooilpalmplantation,industrialforestplantation(HTI),rubbermonoculture,transmigrationarea,shiftingcultivation(landgrabbing)),(ii)Loggingactivities(stoppedin2000)(iii)Mining(coal)

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Forest

RAF30F RAF60F

SF25F

Species Density and Richness

• SpeciesrichnessanddensityofsaplingwerehigherinRAF‐60,whileforpolewashigherinshrub‐30andfortreewashigherinforest.• RAF‐13andRAF‐30hadhigherdensitybutalsohadlowerspeciesrichnessthanotherlandcovertypes.• Lowspeciesrichnesswasinfluencedbythehighdominanceofrubberineveryrubberagroforestsite.

Source:HartiNingsih,2008

Treeswithediblepartsinresearchsites,Bungo

Family Species name Uses Found inApocynaceae Dyera costulata latex for chewing gum RAF

Bombacaceae Durio zibethinus fruit RAF

Burseraceae Canarium littorale nuts RAF

Burseraceae Dacryodes rostrata fruit Forest and RAF

Clusiaceae Calophyllum venulosum fruits Forest

Euphorbiaceae Aporusa octandra fruits Shurbs

Euphorbiaceae Hevea brassiliensis young fruit RAF

Fabaceae Parkia speciosa nuts Forest and RAF

Moraceae Artocarpus nitidus fruits Shurbs

Sapindaceae Nephelium ramboutan-ake fruits RAF

Sapindaceae Pometia pinnata fruits RAF

Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida nuts for spice Shurbs

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Note:medicinaltreesarenotincluded)

BeneficialtreesinRAFandForest

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Class ofspecies

Species Product Planted? Where? Harvest time

Introduced species

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Latex Yes Agroforest/Monoculture

Daily

Oilpalm (Elaeis guineensis) Fruit Yes Monoculture Biweekly

Localspecies(10 mostimportant)

Durian (Durio zibethinus) Fruit/Timber

Yes/no Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year

Petai (Parkia speciosa) Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annual

Duku (Lansium domesticum) Fruit Yes Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year

Stinky bean(Archidendron jiringa)

Fruit No Agroforest Per 6 month

Kabau(Archidendron bubalinum)

Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Per 6 month

Local longan(Dimocarpus longan)

Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year

Mangostan(Garcinia mangostan)

Fruit Yes Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year

Cempedak (Artocarpusinteger)

Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annually

Manau (Calamus sp) Rattan No Forest Annually

Meranti (Shorea spp) Timber No Forest/Agfrst If necessary

(Source:Lehebel‐Peron,2008)

SimilarityIndexbetweenForestandRAFinvariouslocationinJambi

Stratum(locations) JaccardIndex Sources

Saplings(BungoandTebo) 0.44 Rasnovi,2006

PolesandTrees(Bungo) 0.14 Tataetal.,2008

Trees(Bungo) 0.18 (thisstudy)

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Itisshownthatinlowerstratum,specieslevelgrowinRAFismoresimilartoforest.

Challengesofagroforestrysystemforfoodsecurity

• Treebasedagroforestry,suchasrubberagroforest,providesfoods,mainlyfruits,nutsandspices.

• Treesprovidingcarbohydrateandprotein(suchasbreadfruit,jackfruit,candlenuts,etc.)canbeenrichedwithenrichmentplanting.

• Taungyasystemprovidesannualcrops,suchasupland,vegetables,spices,etc.

• Promotingnewvarietyofcropswithlightintolerant,suchaspaddyandsoybean,thatcanbegrownundercanopy.

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Thankyou

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