troublesome pests in school buildings
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Troublesome Troublesome PestsPests
In School In School BuildingsBuildings
IPM in Schools ProgramIPM in Schools Program Contact: Jean Ciborowski, 651-297-3217Contact: Jean Ciborowski, 651-297-3217
Minnesota Department of Minnesota Department of AgricultureAgriculture
Funding provided by the MN Future Resources Fund as recommended
by the Legislative Commission on
Minnesota Resources
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Structural or Indoor Pests in Structural or Indoor Pests in Minnesota Schools Minnesota Schools
AntsAnts FliesFlies Mice/RatsMice/Rats WaspsWasps HeadliceHeadlice SilverfishSilverfish
SpidersSpiders CockroachesCockroaches Other: Other:
– centipedes, centipedes, crickets, boxelder crickets, boxelder bugs, aphids, bugs, aphids, millepedes, bats, millepedes, bats, fruit flies, shrewsfruit flies, shrews
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Sanitation – any pest, all Sanitation – any pest, all pestspests
Sweep and mop floorsSweep and mop floors Drain all sinks and remove any food debrisDrain all sinks and remove any food debris Vacuum and/or mop classrooms dailyVacuum and/or mop classrooms daily Periodically, clean food prep areas thoroughlyPeriodically, clean food prep areas thoroughly
– drains, vents, deep fat fryers and hard-to-reach drains, vents, deep fat fryers and hard-to-reach areasareas
Remove all food garbage from building dailyRemove all food garbage from building daily Rinse recycling materialsRinse recycling materials Seal garbage in bags before placingSeal garbage in bags before placing in dumpsterin dumpster
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Outdoor Waste ManagementOutdoor Waste Management No garbage on groundNo garbage on ground Place dumpsters upwind of outside doors, kitchen Place dumpsters upwind of outside doors, kitchen
or cafeteria especiallyor cafeteria especially Remove wastes from site weeklyRemove wastes from site weekly
– Twice/week during warmer weather (insects breed faster)Twice/week during warmer weather (insects breed faster) Close lidsClose lids Clean containers regularlyClean containers regularly
– High pressure water or brush and soapy water. High pressure water or brush and soapy water. – Borax and water to eliminate odorsBorax and water to eliminate odors– Hose or scrub out dumpsters with drains Hose or scrub out dumpsters with drains – Flies can develop in soil soaked with dumpster rinse Flies can develop in soil soaked with dumpster rinse
waterwater
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If Chemical Treatment Is If Chemical Treatment Is NeededNeeded
Follow EPA approved label Follow EPA approved label directionsdirections
Use Personal Protective Use Personal Protective Equipment as noted on labelEquipment as noted on label
Maintain a file of labels and Maintain a file of labels and MSDS (material data safety MSDS (material data safety sheets)sheets)
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AntsAnts In food areas, contaminate food; other areas, In food areas, contaminate food; other areas,
nuisancenuisance– If not migrating into building, not detrimentalIf not migrating into building, not detrimental– If high numbers foraging into building, locate and treat If high numbers foraging into building, locate and treat
outdoor nests outdoor nests Differ in habits and food preferencesDiffer in habits and food preferences
– May build nest in soil, rotting wood, concealed May build nest in soil, rotting wood, concealed areas outdoor or in buildingsareas outdoor or in buildings
– Feed on starches, meats, fats or sweetsFeed on starches, meats, fats or sweets Honeydew from houseplant pestsHoneydew from houseplant pests
– Baits tempt workers into returning to nest with Baits tempt workers into returning to nest with poisonous foodpoisonous food
Identify type to determine biology and Identify type to determine biology and most effective methodmost effective method of managementof management
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Ants in Minnesota schoolsAnts in Minnesota schools
CornfieldCornfield– lt to dk brown, workers ~ 1/10 “ long; very abundant outdoorslt to dk brown, workers ~ 1/10 “ long; very abundant outdoors
Field AntsField Ants– Black, brown, red, or combo, workers ~ 1/8 to 1/4’” longBlack, brown, red, or combo, workers ~ 1/8 to 1/4’” long
Pavement AntsPavement Ants – Reddish-brown to black; workers ~ 1/8 inch long Reddish-brown to black; workers ~ 1/8 inch long
Thief AntsThief Ants– yellow to light brown;yellow to light brown;– workers ~1/20 “ long tend to curl up when die workers ~1/20 “ long tend to curl up when die – ID important; confused for Pharaoh antsID important; confused for Pharaoh ants
Pharaoh antsPharaoh ants– light yellow to redlight yellow to red– ~ 1/16 “ long~ 1/16 “ long– thorax on workers darker coloredthorax on workers darker colored
Photo by Jim Kalisch. UNL Entomology
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Pharaoh Pharaoh AntsAnts
Do not survive outdoors. Do not survive outdoors. – Nest in small spaces often near dark, warm Nest in small spaces often near dark, warm
sites near moisture source; very difficult to sites near moisture source; very difficult to find. find.
– Produce new nests by budding. When colony Produce new nests by budding. When colony too large or under stress, moves to new site too large or under stress, moves to new site
Photo by Jim Kalisch. UNL Entomology
Can nest in any heated building; most commonly found in hospitals, nursing homes, schools, and apartments. Persistent numbers of very small ants in winter likely Pharaoh
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Managing pharaoh Managing pharaoh ants usually ants usually
requires requires experienced pest experienced pest control companycontrol company
Insecticides and household cleaning products Insecticides and household cleaning products can cause budding, create new colonies. can cause budding, create new colonies. – Use of baits preferred, but homeowner products Use of baits preferred, but homeowner products
may not be effective may not be effective – Professionals have experience and more effective Professionals have experience and more effective
productsproducts
Photo by Jim Kalisch. UNL Entomology
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Ways to Reduce Ant Ways to Reduce Ant ProblemsProblems
Weather strip around doors and Weather strip around doors and windowswindows
Always carry caulk on inspections Always carry caulk on inspections – Use mildew resistant caulk in moist areasUse mildew resistant caulk in moist areas
– Begin caulking at access point of current Begin caulking at access point of current ant trailant trail
Vacuum ant trailsVacuum ant trails– Vacuum up a tbsp corn starch to kill ants in bagVacuum up a tbsp corn starch to kill ants in bag
Spray with detergent and water Spray with detergent and water
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Techniques for Baiting AntsTechniques for Baiting Ants May require professional to identify species and May require professional to identify species and
habitshabits Differ in food preference for baitingDiffer in food preference for baiting
– Sweet, protein or oily attractantsSweet, protein or oily attractants– Food preferences may changeFood preferences may change
Differ in nesting and foraging habitsDiffer in nesting and foraging habits– Affects bait acceptance and management Affects bait acceptance and management
techniquestechniques In dry areas, may prefer more moist baits In dry areas, may prefer more moist baits Bait along foraging trails, but do not disturb trails between Bait along foraging trails, but do not disturb trails between
nest and baitnest and bait
Place baits out of sight and REACH of children
If competition present, non-target ant If competition present, non-target ant may prevent target ant from feedingmay prevent target ant from feedingRemove “bait stations” when not Remove “bait stations” when not needed or will attract cockroachesneeded or will attract cockroaches
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Common Small FliesCommon Small Flies Moth fly (drain fly)Moth fly (drain fly)
– 1/12” long, dark-colored; long black hairs on wings 1/12” long, dark-colored; long black hairs on wings and body, fuzzy moth-like appearanceand body, fuzzy moth-like appearance
Fruit FliesFruit Flies– 1/16 to 1/8” long, red eyes, tan body, striped 1/16 to 1/8” long, red eyes, tan body, striped
abdomenabdomen Humpbacked flyHumpbacked fly
– Also called phorid flies: 1/8” long with humpbacked Also called phorid flies: 1/8” long with humpbacked body; often found running along counters or wallsbody; often found running along counters or walls
Fungus gnatsFungus gnats– 1/8” long with slender body and long legs1/8” long with slender body and long legs
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FliesFlies May contaminate food in prep or May contaminate food in prep or
serving areasserving areas– In others areas, nuisance, but large numbersIn others areas, nuisance, but large numbers indicate sanitation problemindicate sanitation problem
Eggs laid inEggs laid in food waste, kitchen drains, decomposing organic food waste, kitchen drains, decomposing organic
matter, ripe fruit and vegetables, fermenting matter, ripe fruit and vegetables, fermenting water from refrigerators, humidifiers, spoiled water from refrigerators, humidifiers, spoiled animal food, damp sour mops or rags and other animal food, damp sour mops or rags and other locations, including areas adjacent to building locations, including areas adjacent to building
Identify flies to determine breeding Identify flies to determine breeding sites and effective control sites and effective control measures measures
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Where can flies can be Where can flies can be found?found?
drainsdrains moist, decaying organic mattermoist, decaying organic matter food residues in trashfood residues in trash around kitchen equipmentaround kitchen equipment bottom of pet cages or potting soilbottom of pet cages or potting soil slimy layer in floor drains and sinksslimy layer in floor drains and sinks near sump pumps and broken sewage linesnear sump pumps and broken sewage lines in soil of over-watered houseplants, or high in soil of over-watered houseplants, or high
organic soilorganic soil
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Reduce Fly Reduce Fly PopulationsPopulations Eat or refrigerate fresh foodsEat or refrigerate fresh foods no ripe (overripe) produce left out no ripe (overripe) produce left out Separate food waste from other Separate food waste from other
garbage, drain, store in sealed garbage, drain, store in sealed plastic bags before disposingplastic bags before disposing
Flush sink and floor drains regularly Flush sink and floor drains regularly Rinse materials before recyclingRinse materials before recycling Keep mops clean and dryKeep mops clean and dry
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Mice/RatsMice/Rats Norway ratNorway rat
– Large, robust, blunt muzzle, small eyes, Large, robust, blunt muzzle, small eyes, short rounded ears; 7-18 oz, adults up to short rounded ears; 7-18 oz, adults up to 11” 11”
House mouseHouse mouse– Smaller, more slender than Norway, eyes Smaller, more slender than Norway, eyes
small, ears prominent, muzzle pointed; 1 oz small, ears prominent, muzzle pointed; 1 oz or less, 3” long or less, 3” long
Deer mouseDeer mouse—seasonal problem in fall and —seasonal problem in fall and winter; ~ size as house mouse, but bicolored, winter; ~ size as house mouse, but bicolored, white bellies and feet, large eyeswhite bellies and feet, large eyes
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Mouse Mouse cluesclues
Sounds at night of squeaks, Sounds at night of squeaks, scrambling or gnawingscrambling or gnawing
Droppings Droppings – Similar to large cockroaches and bats Similar to large cockroaches and bats
UrineUrine– pillars of grease, urine and dirt visible pillars of grease, urine and dirt visible
under blacklightunder blacklight Grease marks of dirt and oil from Grease marks of dirt and oil from
fur fur Runways, not easily detectableRunways, not easily detectable Tracks footprints or tail marksTracks footprints or tail marks
– use nontoxic dust to help locate (talc)use nontoxic dust to help locate (talc) Gnawing damageGnawing damage SightingsSightings Nest sitesNest sites Mouse odorsMouse odors
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Rodent Rodent cultural cultural
practicespractices
Good SanitationGood Sanitation– Eliminate food, water and Eliminate food, water and
sheltershelter ExcludeExclude
– Identify and seal all entry Identify and seal all entry pointspoints Never prop open doors or Never prop open doors or
windowswindows– Trim shrubs grass and Trim shrubs grass and
vines and maintain a 12-vines and maintain a 12-18” gravel border adjacent 18” gravel border adjacent to building foundationsto building foundations
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Mouse Trap TipsMouse Trap Tips Rarely go more than 30 ft from nest,Rarely go more than 30 ft from nest, usually only 10 ftusually only 10 ft Place snap traps in 3-D sphere about 10 ft Place snap traps in 3-D sphere about 10 ft
in diameter around mouse signs in diameter around mouse signs – Good climbers; live above or below food sources, Good climbers; live above or below food sources,
ceilings or crawl spacesceilings or crawl spaces– Best trapping sites where mice spend time Best trapping sites where mice spend time
Note droppings along walls, behind objects, Note droppings along walls, behind objects, dark cornersdark corners
– Good mouse baits -- peanut butter, bacon, cerealGood mouse baits -- peanut butter, bacon, cereal cotton ball for nest material cotton ball for nest material – May require professional assistance to deal with May require professional assistance to deal with
high mouse populationshigh mouse populations
A pair of A pair of mice can mice can produce produce 50 50 offspring offspring in one in one yearyear
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B ees and WaspsB ees and Wasps CharacteristicsCharacteristics
– Bees: fuzzy, robust Bees: fuzzy, robust – Wasps: Smooth skinned and shinyWasps: Smooth skinned and shiny
Identify to learn biology and habits Identify to learn biology and habits – Wasp and bumble bee colonies live only 1 Wasp and bumble bee colonies live only 1
seasonseason Old queen and workers die in fall, new queens survive Old queen and workers die in fall, new queens survive
in protected sitesin protected sites Build new nest in spring; old nest not reusedBuild new nest in spring; old nest not reused
– Honey bee colonies perennial in same nest Honey bee colonies perennial in same nest locationlocation
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Sting ReactionsSting Reactions
Mild allergic: hives or rash, swelling in area away from sting, headache, minor respiratory/stomach upset, treat with antihistamine
Severe: Anaphylactic shock, fainting, immediate difficulty breathing, swelling or blockage in throat
Local: burning itching, redness, tenderness or massive swelling and itch. Ice or topical ointment, remove stinger
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Caution! Wasps and BeesCaution! Wasps and Bees Will attack if Will attack if
physically physically threatened and to threatened and to protect their nestsprotect their nests
Wear protective Wear protective clothing bee veil clothing bee veil and bee suitand bee suit
USE CAUTION!USE CAUTION!
Photos by Jim Kalisch. UNL Entomology
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Wasp NestsWasp Nests
If nest not a threat, wait for If nest not a threat, wait for freeze freeze – Capture and release or swat Capture and release or swat
individualsindividuals May nest in ground, tree May nest in ground, tree
and shrubs, under and shrubs, under horizontal surfaces such as horizontal surfaces such as eaves, in buildings in wall eaves, in buildings in wall spacesspaces
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Treating Nests Treating Nests Exposed nestsExposed nests: apply “Wasp and : apply “Wasp and
Hornet” ready-to-use aerosol to entrance Hornet” ready-to-use aerosol to entrance of nest. Repeat if live wasps foundof nest. Repeat if live wasps found
Ground nests and hidden nestsGround nests and hidden nests may require applications of insecticide by may require applications of insecticide by professional pest control technicianprofessional pest control technician– If nest entrance in wall void sealed before If nest entrance in wall void sealed before
insects dead, insects will be forced indoorsinsects dead, insects will be forced indoors– Professional can vacuum nest if in area where Professional can vacuum nest if in area where
insecticides can not be used insecticides can not be used – Do not pour gasoline or fuel oil in ground nestDo not pour gasoline or fuel oil in ground nest
contaminates environment, use soapy watercontaminates environment, use soapy water plug entrance hole with dirt after insects killedplug entrance hole with dirt after insects killed
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CockroachesCockroaches Zero tolerance anywhereZero tolerance anywhere Can carry pathogens and cause Can carry pathogens and cause
problems such as salmonella and problems such as salmonella and asthmaasthma
Prefer to be in warm, moist areas Prefer to be in warm, moist areas near food and waternear food and water
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Cockroach SpeciesCockroach SpeciesGermanGerman Adults live 6 months, each female
produces 28 nymphs from an egg case, produces 4-8 egg cases, new generation every four weeks
Small, adults less than ¾” long, gold with two dark streaks behind the head. Requires moisture, usually found in kitchen or bath
American Can live two years, egg case 1-2
weeks, 20 to 80 egg cases with 15-20 nymphs
Glue egg case to hidden, moist surface
Larger and heavier, 1 ½ to 1 ¾ ‘ long, reddish brown to black
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Defeating Defeating CockroachesCockroaches Watch damp areas or available water Watch damp areas or available water
(Condensation under refrigerator) (Condensation under refrigerator) Store all food in sealed containers; Store all food in sealed containers;
remove garbage daily remove garbage daily Remove boxes, newspapers, other clutterRemove boxes, newspapers, other clutter Rinse and invert cups, glasses and soda Rinse and invert cups, glasses and soda Vacuum cockroaches and egg casesVacuum cockroaches and egg cases
– HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter to HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter to reduce airborne cockroach debrisreduce airborne cockroach debris
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Non toxic cockroach trap-Non toxic cockroach trap- Empty jar with rounded inner lipEmpty jar with rounded inner lip
– pickle, mayonnaise etc. pickle, mayonnaise etc. Coat inner lip with vaselineCoat inner lip with vaseline Bait with quarter slice bread Bait with quarter slice bread
soaked in beer or dog food,soaked in beer or dog food,apples, cookies, etc. apples, cookies, etc.
Wrap outside of jar in paper towel Wrap outside of jar in paper towel Kill trapped insects with dish washing Kill trapped insects with dish washing
detergent and hot waterdetergent and hot water
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Methods of Professional Methods of Professional Cockroach ManagementCockroach Management
Traps Traps Gel and dust baits Gel and dust baits Insect growth regulatorsInsect growth regulators
– Disrupt normal development of immatures Disrupt normal development of immatures – Very low in toxicity for people and animalsVery low in toxicity for people and animals– Slow working Slow working
Desiccating dustsDesiccating dusts
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HeadliceHeadlice
Do not treat furniture, bedding, floor Do not treat furniture, bedding, floor or walls inside school with insecticide or walls inside school with insecticide
Cannot survive without human host for more than Cannot survive without human host for more than two daystwo days
Bedding and clothing should be washed and dried Bedding and clothing should be washed and dried at high temperature (150at high temperature (150oo or higher) or higher)
Place pillow or other non-washable items in freezer Place pillow or other non-washable items in freezer for several daysfor several days
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S pidersS piders Beneficial insect; tolerate if possibleBeneficial insect; tolerate if possible To reduce numbers, remove hiding placesTo reduce numbers, remove hiding places
– Create vegetation-free zone around building Create vegetation-free zone around building – Knock down webs with broom or hard spray of waterKnock down webs with broom or hard spray of water
Remove and destroy egg sacks or spiders when foundRemove and destroy egg sacks or spiders when found– Caulk or seal cracks Caulk or seal cracks – Be sure screens ft tightlyBe sure screens ft tightly– Change outside lights to avoid attracting other Change outside lights to avoid attracting other
insects as preyinsects as prey yellow lights less attractive than mercury or sodium vaporyellow lights less attractive than mercury or sodium vapor
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Boxelder bugsBoxelder bugs Most abundant during hot, dry summersMost abundant during hot, dry summers Live just a few days indoors and do not reproduce Live just a few days indoors and do not reproduce May enter buildings on mild,May enter buildings on mild, sunny, winter days,sunny, winter days, Prevent byPrevent by
– VacuumVacuum– Caulk Caulk – Soap mixture; ½ cups laundry detergent ot Soap mixture; ½ cups laundry detergent ot
one gallon water in hand sprayer or squirt one gallon water in hand sprayer or squirt bottle. Check for staining on building materials bottle. Check for staining on building materials No residual, must hit targetNo residual, must hit target
Photo by Jeff Hahn, University of Minnesota
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SilverfishSilverfish Prefer cool, moist, dark places, 70-80Prefer cool, moist, dark places, 70-80ooF, F,
high r.h. high r.h. – basements, trapped in bathtubs, sinksbasements, trapped in bathtubs, sinks
Quick movement, active at night; hide during dayQuick movement, active at night; hide during day Feed on paper, grains and starchy foods, Feed on paper, grains and starchy foods, Change environment if possibleChange environment if possible
– Correct moisture problems, dry out damp Correct moisture problems, dry out damp areas, improve lightingareas, improve lighting
– Remove stored food, books, paperRemove stored food, books, paper– Caulk cracks and crevicesCaulk cracks and crevices
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