título · 2020. 3. 11. · title: título author: gonçalo sítima created date: 11/5/2016 3:34:46...

New Sprinkler Protection Technologies for High Bay Storage -

The Next Generation of In-Rack Sprinklers

Sultan M. Javeri European Regional Director NFPA

1

LOGO

2LOGO ORADOR

30 years ago, we started trying to eliminate in-rack sprinklers…

1975 2000 2025

are they coming back?

Ceiling-Only Protection Schemes

• The pursuit of increasing building heights with ceiling-only protection schemes has resulted in the following:

• Creation of larger K-Factor storage sprinklers

• Increased hydraulic sprinkler system demand

Minimum Water Demand of Ceiling-Only NFPA 13 Criteria for Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics

Today, construction of higher storage occupancy buildings are possible using technologies likeAutomated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS)

Automated Storage Retrieval System

• High bay warehouses are rack supported structures

• Utilize Automated Storage Retrieval System (ASRS) for commodity handling

• Heights can be in excess of 40m

• Ceiling only sprinkler protection is not an option

• Precision of ASRS allows for use of in-rack sprinklers without fear of inadvertent activation

Ceiling-Only Protection Limitations

• Ceiling-only sprinkler protection up to 14.65m Carton Unexpanded Group A plastics

– Specific Application UL Listing

• More hazardous commodities present an increased challenge to a sprinkler system

– Tires

– Exposed Group A plastics

– Aerosols

– Combustible Liquids

– Flammable Liquids

• Typically require in-rack sprinklers to be provided at lower storage heights

NFPA 13 (2016) Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics

• ESFR protection for Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics with vertical barriers spaced at 5m and 2.4m minimum aisle width

Rack storage of Exposed Expanded Group A PlasticsESFR Protection

MAX. Building Height 12.2m

Storage Height 10.6m

Sprinkler Type K360 ESFR

No. of Heads 12

Pressure 4.1 bar

Sprinkler Demand 8,869 lpm

Hose Demand 946 lpm

Total Demand 9815 lpm

NFPA 13 (2016) Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics

Residual damage with protection system going into NFPA 13 edition

2016

NFPA 13 (2016) Rubber Tire Storage

• NFPA 13 allows ceiling-only protection up to 30’ for rubber tyre storage on racks

Rack storage of Rubber Tyres on Portable RacksESFR Protection

MAX. Building Height 12.2m

Storage Height 9.1m

Sprinkler Type K360 ESFR

No. of Heads 12

Pressure 5.2 bar

Sprinkler Demand 9,910 lpm

Hose Demand 946 lpm

Total Demand 10,856 lpm

NFPA 30 (2015) Combustible Liquids

• NFPA 30 has no criteria for ceiling only protection of Class II Combustible Liquids in 200 litres metal drums stored in racks

Rack Storage of Class II CombustibleLiquids in 55 Gallon Metal DrumnsESFR Protection Design Criterion

Max. Building Height ???

Storage Height ???

Sprinkler Type ???

No. of Heads ???

Pressure ???

Sprinkler Demand ???

Hose Demand ???

Total Demand ???

Why are in-rack sprinklers a better

option?

• Sprinklers located closer to a rack storage fire is an advantage

• Sprinklers have the potential to activate when a fire is smaller and requires less water to control

• Building geometry does not affect sprinkler protection in two key areas:

– Building height

– Roof slopes greater than 2 in 12

• Obstruction rules for ceiling sprinklers do not apply to in-rack sprinklers

• In-rack sprinklers are intended specifically for areas that have obstructions

New In-Rack Protection Option in NFPA 13 2016 ed.

• Design criteria for in-rack sprinklers minimum K-115 quick-response

• Horizontal barriers installed at a maximum vertical interval of 3.6m and are constructed from:

– 12mm plywood

– 22 gauge metal

• Protection for these hazards:

– Group A Plastics

• Expanded

• Unexpanded

• Cartoned

• Exposed

– Class I through IV Commodity

• Similar to Scheme 8-9A from FM Global Data Sheet 8-9

New In-Rack Protection Option in NFPA 13 2016 ed.

= Horizontal Barrier= Longitudinal Flue Space Sprinklers= Face Sprinklers

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Plan View

Elevation View26 In-Rack Sprinklers!

New In-Rack Protection Option in NFPA 13 2016 ed.

• The new in-rack design criterion has two significant drawbacks:

– The installation can be costly due to the number of in-rack sprinklers and the amount of piping required

– For double and multiple-row racks, in-rack sprinklers are located between each pallet load at the face of the aisle where they can be vulnerable to damage

• These two concerns are common with conventional in-rack sprinkler technology, as well as new NFPA 13 2016 Edition

The next generation of in-rack sprinklers offers substantial improvement in both areas…

Introducing N-Rack-EC®

» Performance based in-rack sprinkler design criteria

» Design criteria validated through a series of large scale fire tests

» Extended coverage, both horizontally and vertically

» Featuring Reliable N252 EC (SIN RA0842) Pendent Extended Coverage Storage Sprinkler

» Flat spray pattern

» 25.2 K-factor provides high flow rate at low pressure

» Patent Pending

N-Rack-EC® Spray Pattern Using Reliable N252 EC

522 lpm per flowing N-Rack-EC ® sprinkler!

Large Scale Test Series Summary

5-Nov-1617.

Test 1 Test 2 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 Test 8

Double Row Rack

Double Row Rack

Double Row Rack

Double Row Rack

Double Row Rack

Multi Row Rack

Double Row Rack

Exposed Expanded Plastic

CartonedUnexpanded Plastic

CartonedUnexpanded Plastic

CartonedUnexpanded Plastic

Class II Combustible Liquid

Exposed Expanded Plastic

CartonedUnexpanded Plastic

8’ Aisle 8’ Aisle 4’ Aisle 4’ Aisle 6’ Aisle 4’ Aisle 4’ Aisle

Horizontal Barriers at 20 ft. Elev.

Horizontal Barriers at 30 ft. Elev.

Continuous Horizontal Barriers at 20 ft. Elev. & 40 ft. Elev.

ContinuousHorizontal Barriers at 30 ft. Elev.

ContinuousHorizontal Barriers at 15 ft. Elev. & 30 ft. Elev.

Continuous Horizontal Barriers at 20 ft. Elev.

ContinuousHorizontal Barriers at 30 ft. Elev.

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1618.

Test Parameters

Storage Type Double Row Rack

Commodity Type Exposed Expanded Group A Plastic

Pallet Type 2 Way Entry, Stringer, Hardwood

Horizontal Barrier Within Rack

3/8 inch Plywood at 20 ft. Elevation

Storage Height 35 ft.

Ceiling Height 40 ft.

Clearance 5 ft.

Aisle Width 8 ft.

Ignition Location Between 2 Ceiling and In Rack Sprinklers (Face of Commodity in Aisle Space)

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1619.

Ceiling Sprinkler System

Sprinkler Type K=16.8 ESFR Pendent

Deflector to Ceiling 14 in.

Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing

10 ft. x 10 ft.

Temperature Rating 212°F

Sprinkler Response QR (Link)

Sprinkler K-Factor 16.8

Discharge Density 1.19 gpm/ft2

Discharge Pressure 50 psi

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1620.

In-Rack Sprinkler System

Sprinkler Type K=25.2 Extended Coverage Pendent

Deflector to Bottom of Horizontal Barrier

7.5 in.

Sprinkler Spacing 8 ft. 3 in. (Centered on the rack bays)

Temperature Rating 212°F

Sprinkler Response QR (Link)

Sprinkler K-Factor 16.8

Discharge Flowrate 138 gpm per sprinkler

Discharge Pressure 30 psi

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1621.

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1622.

8’ aisle 8’ aisle

IgnitionLocation

8’-3” OnCenter

(Typical)

4’-3” to edge of upright

• Plan View

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1623.

• Elevation View

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1624.

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

• SprinklerOperationSequence

5-Nov-1625.

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1626.

N-Rack-EC® Test #1 – August 8, 2012

5-Nov-1627.

5-Nov-1628.

NFPA 13 2016 Edition

In-Rack Sprinkler

Protection Option

With Horizontal Barriers

Vs.

Reliable N-Rack-EC®

Performance Based Design Criteria

Comparison

New In-Rack Protection Option in NFPA 13 2016 ed.

= Horizontal Barrier= Longitudinal Flue Space Sprinklers= Face Sprinklers

`

Plan View

Elevation View

26 In-Rack Sprinklers!

5-Nov-1629.

N-Rack-EC® Typical Layout

2 In-Rack Sprinklers!

5-Nov-1630.

= Horizontal Barrier= Longitudinal Flue Space Sprinklers= Face Sprinklers

`

Elevation View

Elevation View

Plan View

5-Nov-1631.

NFPA 13 2016 Edition

Ceiling only protection for EEP

Vs.

Reliable N-Rack-EC®

Performance Based Design Criteria

Comparison

NFPA 13 ceiling only protection requires

9,815 LPM water demand

N252 EC in-rack system requires 6300 LPM for the ceiling and hose protection.

The in-rack demand is 1527 LPM not required to be added to the ceiling demand

Comparison

Comparison

Ceiling only protectionWith new technology In-Racks

N-Rack-EC® Spray Pattern Using Reliable N252 EC

522 lpm per flowing N-Rack-EC ® sprinkler!

N-Rack-EC® Spray Pattern Using Reliable N252 EC

Questions

5-Nov-1636.