tuhin ghosh and *shruti thakur · tuhin ghosh and *shruti thakur deccma-india and *phd researcher...
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Migration Scenario of Satjalia Island in the Indian Bengal Delta Tuhin Ghosh and *Shruti Thakur
DECCMA-India and *PhD Researcher
School of Oceanographic Studies,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
Background of the Study Area Household Survey
Participatory
household survey
of 3037 households;
considered 2894
data for in-depth
analysis
Climate Change Issues and Impacts
Results and Observations
Contact: tuhin_ghosh@yahoo.com DECCMA-India School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, India
Change in temperature and rainfall pattern, in terms of time, duration and
amount
Local rate of SLR much above the global average
Acute river bank erosion
Frequent embankment breaching
Increasing soil salinity
Salt water inundation on the agriculture field
Loss in productivity and production
Increasing investment in agriculture
Lack of alternate skill and job opportunity
High exposure to natural hazards like cyclone and storm surge
Absence of defined adaptation policy and DRR
Satjalia Island (2207′40”N, 88052′06′′E) Situated within the high rank hotspot
Block Gosaba, with 2 GPs and 7 mouzas
Areal coverage 51.66 km²
Population: 206844 persons (Census,
2011) with a density of 778 persons/km
Household numbers: 9883
Natural resource based livelihood
Flood Situation Embankment Breaching
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cyclone 1901-2000
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
Year
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Year
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Year
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93
Year
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97
Tem
pe
ratu
re in
°C
Max Min AverageSurface Temperature 1901-2000
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3000
year
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year
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year
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year
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year
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year
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year
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year
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year
20
00
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
Rainfall 1901-2000
IBD
400
500
600
700
800
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Pad
dy
pro
d.
In ‘0
00
to
nn
es
Paddy Productivity (2000-2012)
7 0 0 21 14 6 0
302
228 185
314
76
252 210
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Before Aila Migration After Aila Migration
Male Migrants of Before and After Aila (Mouza wise)
0 0 0 1 3 0 0
126
34 30
86
43 24
40
0
50
100
150
Before Aila Migration After Aila Migration
Female Migrants of Before and After Aila (Mouza wise)
48
85
43 29
55
19 21 17 15 11
28
4
26
9
0
25
50
75
100 Permanent Migrants (Mouza wise)
Before AilaMigration
After AilaMigration
144
54 37
87
31 26 25 15
6 4 24
0 0
25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175In – Migrants (Mouza wise)
Before Aila Migration After Aila Migration
309
228
185
335
90
258
210
125
34 30
87
43 24
40
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Male and Female Migrants (Mouza wise)
Male Migration Female Migration
5818 5500
5203
6213 5888
6351
7247
3770 3779 4450
3642
2359
5200 5403
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
MaleRemittance
FemaleRemittance
Migrated Male and Female Average Remittance (Mouza wise)
65
100
54 57 59
45
30
167
60
41
111
31 26
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Out-Migrants
In-Migrants
Permanent Out-Migrants Vs In-Migrants (Mouza wise)
Permanent Migrants
410
Seasonal Male
Migrants 1615
Seasonal Female
Migrants 383
Permanent In-Migrants
486
Satjalia Island
Conclusions
0
5000
10000
6031
4086
Comparison between Male and Female Remittance
Out-Migration & In-Migration
Observed both the permanent out-migration
and in-migration
Satjalia mouza is comparatively a safer
location with lesser out-migration and higher
in-migration
Dayapur mouza is the worst with high out-
migration and lesser in-migration
Lahiripur mouza has the forest in its affinity
and attracts resource dependent population
The out-migrants are concentrated in the 46-
55 years age group while the in-migrants are
in the 36-45 years age group
Preferred destination for out-migration is the
peri-urban areas of Kolkata city, while in-
migration occurs mostly from within the island
(intra), or nearby islands (inter) and trans-
border too!!
Male & Female Migration
Both the male and female migrants are
seasonal
Number of Male migrants are much higher
than the number of Female migrants
Male migrants are mostly engaged as daily
labour or mason in the construction industry, if
not as a delivery person or security guard
Female migrants are engaged as maid
servants, cooks or medical care givers, if not
engaged in the hosiery or bag industry
Both the male and female migrants are
highest from the 25–35 age group followed by
the 36-45 years
Observed a sharp contrast in remittances
being sent by male and female migrants,
while males are remitting at least 1.5 times
than females
Male migrants have a common preference of
migrating to the peri-urban areas of Kolkata or
absolutely out of the State; people who
migrated other states are sending higher
remittance amount; Chennai (Tamil Nadu) is
the most preferred destination followed by
Bengaluru (Karnataka)
Female migrants commonly have been found
to prefer jobs based in Kolkata city with less
interest to migrate out of the state
Influence of ‘Aila’ cyclonic shock in May 2009
Permanent out-migration and permanent in-
migration are not really influenced by Aila
The trend of observed migration among males
and females shows a rise in the post-Aila
scenario. Climate and Productivity Data Source: District Census
Handbook and IMD
This work was carried out under the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), with financial support from the UK Government’s Department for International Development (DFiD) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada. The views expressed in this work are those of the creators and do no necessarily represent those of DFiD and IDRC or its Board of Governors.
0
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15
- 2
4
25
- 3
5
36
- 4
5
46
- 5
5
56
- 6
5
66
- 7
5
249
771
387
166
64 7
60
167 117
32 10 0
Male and Female Migrants Age - Group
Male Migrants
Female Migrants
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
15
- 2
4
25
- 3
5
36
- 4
5
46
- 5
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56
- 6
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66
- 7
5
76
- 8
5
8
73
98
110
73
40
8 13
83
143
132
86
25
4
Out-Migrants
In-Migrants
Age Group Clustering of Permanent Out-Migrants and In-Migrants
INR per Month
128
279
8 1 44
7
48
1 3 1
146
41
487
176
93 56
17 33
4 6 7 5 1 2 4 3 2
127
41
0 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 33
3
72 36
0 0 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Male
Female
Male and Female Migrants – Preferred Destination
Ransacked after Aila Embankment failure during Aila
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