unit 1. earth and the universe · 6. it is the second largest planet. it has rings around it made...
Post on 22-Jul-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 1. EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
5 primary/ Social Science
Pedro Antonio López Hernández
THE UNIVERSE
The Sun and all of its orbiting bodies are called the Solar system.
THE SUN
- 1. It is our star.
- 2. It is 100 times bigger than Earth.
- 3. It has a lots of energy inside that reaches our planet in
the form or heat and light.
- 4. It is constantly changing and no star lasts forever.
THE MILKY WAY- 1. It is the millions of other stars that form part of our Galaxy.
- 2. If we continued travelling even further and further out into
space, we would see even more galaxies.
“All of these galaxies together form our universe”.
What is a light year?
It is the distance a ray of light
travels in one year.
We use the light year to measure
huge distances in the universe.
The Big Bang Theory
About 14 billion years ago, the
universe was compressed into a
single point in space and then a
vast, sudden expansion took
place.
The universe is still expanding.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
INNER PLANETS
1. They are located closest to the
Sun.
2. They are also the smallest planets.
3. They are made mostly of rocks
and metals.
Planets
- They are celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun.
- The ecliptic path each planet travels is called its orbit.
- They are non-luminous because they don´t emit their own light.
- Some planets have satellites.
1. It is the smallest planet.
Its rocky surface has lot
of craters. 166 ºC
2. Its surface is covered
by a thick layer of
clouds. 457 ºC
3. It is rocky, but most of its surface is covered
by water.
It´s surrounded by an atmosphere. 15 ºC
4. The iron in its rocky
surface makes it look red.
60 ºC
5. It is the largest planet. It has over 60
satellites.
-108 ºc
6. It is the second largest planet. It
has rings around it made of ice and
dust.
-148 ºC
7. It spins
almost
completely on
its side.
-200 ºc
OUTER PLANETS
1. They are located furthest
from the Sun.
2. They are made mostly of gas,
they are also the largest
planets.
3. They have many satellites.
8. Despite its bright blue
colour, it has no water.
-197 ºC
EARTH´S MOVEMENTS
Earth´s rotation
1. Earth spins on its axis.
2. Earth´s rotation causes our
days and nights.
* Axis: It is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Earth takes 24 hours
to completely spin
around its axis.
A day: when the Sun´s raysreach the planet.
A night: when Sun´s rays don´treach the planet.
EARTH´S MOVEMENTS
Earth´s revolution
1. Earth orbit around the Sun.
2. Earth takes one year to orbit
completely around the Sun.
THE SEASONS
The Sun´s rays reach Earth at different angles
as it moves around its orbit
This causes “ THE SEASONS ”.
Spring
It is warmer
and the days
get longer.
Summer
There are strong
Sun´s rays because
they reach you
directly. It is very hot.
Autumn
The days are shorter.
It begins to get
colder.
Winter
It is very cold
because the Sun´s
rays reach you less
directly.
The days are short.
GLOSSARY
*Hemisphere:
One half of a
sphere.
* Tilted: Inclined.
THE MOON
The Moon orbits
• It is Earth´s only
natural satellite.
• Its rotation and
revolution last 28
days.
• Its light is a
reflection of the
Sun´s rays shining on
it.
Phases of the Moon
These changes depending on:
• The position of the Moon during its rotation
and revolution.
• The light shining on it from the Sun during
each of its movements.
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
It is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth and make life possible on it. The atmosphere protects livings things from the Sun´s
radiation and keeps temperatures stable. The most abundant components are nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour.
1. TROPOSPHERE
It is the closest layer to Earth. It has the most
oxygen which allows life on the planet. It
also has the most water vapour, which later
becomes rain.
2. STRATOSPHERE
It has the ozone layer that protects Earth
from most of the Sun´s radiation.
3
45
3. MESOSPHERE
It is the coldest layer. We can see
falling stars when they reach this layer.
4. THERMOSPHERE
It is where falling stars
and the aurora borealis
are formed.
5. EXOSPHERE
It separates Earth from outer spaces. It helps protect Earth from
meteorites and other celestial bodies from reaching its surface.
1
2
THE HYDROSPHERE
It is the layer of water that covers Earth´s surface. Although there is always the same amount of water in the hydrosphere, it has three
different states.
SOLID
Ice and snow in the coldest
areas of the planet.
GASEOUS
Water vapour and clouds
in the atmosphere.
LIQUIDAll the fresh water we find in rivers, lakes and underground water are continental
waters.
Oceanic water is the salt water in the seas an oceans.
THE GEOSPHERE
It is the layer of rocks and minerals inside the Earth from its centre to its surface.
THE CORE
It is a sphere made up of heavy,
dense materials like iron.
This layer has the highest
temperatures.
THE CRUST
It is the thinnest and outermost layer.
It forms the continents and islands.
It is made out of a serie of large plates
called tectonic plates.
THE MANTLE
It is the middle layer. It is the thickest one and its
high temperatures melt the rocks, turning them
into magma that volcanoes expel.
Sometimes, the movement of these rocks cause
earthquakes.
The Earth´s radius is 6,371 km.
EARTH´S VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS
A GLOBE is a more physically accurate representation of our planet A MAP represent Earth, or part of it, on a flat
surface.They use the cardinal points and colours and
symbols that are explained in a legend.
TYPES OF MAPS AND
GLOBES
• Physical maps: They
represent relief.
• Political maps: They
represent the political
distribution of the planet
• Thematic maps: They tell
us data about the
countries, like its
economy.
N
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATESThe equator
It is the imaginary circumference that divides Earth into two
hemispheres: north and south. It is the starting point from which we
measure the Earth´s latitude. North Pole
South Pole
The Greenwich Meridian
It is the imaginary line that connects the poles. It is
the starting point from which we measure the
Earth´s longitude and the world's time zones.
Time zones
Earth is divided into 24 imaginary vertical bands
called time zones. All times start from the
Greenwich Meridian and add one hour as it moves
to the east or subtracts one hour as it moves to the
west.
Parallels
They are the lines of latitude that are parallel to the equator. They
measure a point (coordinate) on a map or globe that is to the
north or south of the equator.
Meridians
They are the lines of longitude that are parallel to the
Greenwich Meridian. They measure a point (coordinate) on
a map or globe that is to the west or east of the Greenwich
Meridian.
top related