unit 5: light search & rescue
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Unit 5: L ight Search & Rescue
Unit 5: Light Search & Rescue• Goals and Safety Considerations• Hazards• Tools and Resources• Search Operations• Rescue Operations• Size-Up
Search and RescueGoals and Safety Considerations
Search and Rescue DefinedA systematic approach for locating, rescuing (extricating), and providing initial medical treatment to victims trapped.
Search and RescueGoals and Safety Considerations
Safety•Stay aware of your surroundings•Assume all downed wires are live•Stay coordinated and in communication with your team•Do not exceed your capabilities or training•Stay hydrated-take breaks•Watch for fatigue in yourself and your crew
Search and RescueGoals and Safety Considerations
LCES•Lookout or safety person•Communication•Escape routes•Safety zones
Search and RescueHazards
Scene HazardsAbove Ground:• Electrical wires• Walls/cornices• Unreinforced chimneys
Ground Level:• Glass and debris
Below Grade:• Earth• Water• Hazardous Materials/sewage• Manmade structures• Propane
Search and RescueHazards
Damage ClassificationStudy the outward signs!!Light Damage• Superficial to exterior,
mostly interiorModerate Damage• More apparent – cracking
but no leanHeavy Damage• Partial/total collapse
Search and RescueHazards
Light, medium, or heavy???
Search and RescueHazards
Signs of Structural Instability•Uneven windows•Cracked foundation and/or walls•Distinct lack of plumbness•Wood frames do well in earthquakes, but…
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Basic Tools Should Include
•PPE•Go – bag•Duct tape•Extinguisher•Axe•Prying and various carpentry tools
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Forcing Doors and Windows•Feel doors for heat•Break a glass panel in a door, reach in, unlock…much easier•Pound directly on lock with sledge•Windows:oSee if they’re openoToolsoBreakoGlass types•Announce yourself•Try before you pry!
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Points of Entry
•Front dooroOpen?oKeys?•Any window or glass door•Upper floor deck•Garage door…caution!
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Breaking Glass
•Stand to one side•Keep hands above tool’s contact point•Start at top of window and work down•Clear frame of all glass and debris
*Different glass
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Garage Doors•Same techniques as windows•Jam the door OPEN when going inside garage
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Ladder Safety•Ten feet from wires•Secure ladder•Correct ladder angle
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Box Cribbing
Step 1 Step 2
Step 3 Step 4
*Improvised resources?
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Mechanical Advantage and Lifting•Levers•Jacks•Cribbing•Wedges and Shims
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Lifting Heavy Objects•See if you can lift the item without mechanical advantage•Use proper body mechanics
1. BEND KNEES AND SQUAT2. KEEP BACK STRAIGHT3. KEEP LOAD NEXT TO BODY4. PUSH UP WITH LEGS
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Lifting Procedure•Have all materials ready•Everyone aware of plan including victim•Crib to object being lifted•Lift height of 1 piece of cribbing•Slide cribbing under object•Set object down on cribbing•Keep hands out from underneath object
Repeat this process until victim can be removed
Search and RescueTools and Resources
Know Your Limits
•Physical Condition•Mental Condition
DON’T OVEREXTEND YOURSELFDON’T BECOME A VICTIM
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Search and Rescue Survival Rates
Survival Rate99.3%81.0%33.7%36.7%19.0%7.4%
Time of Rescue30 Minutes
1 Day2 Days3 Days4 Days5 Days
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Search Overview•Two teams of two•Exterior controls scene outside•Interior completes the search•Both should have utility shutoff tools, documentation items, and PPE
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Types of Collapses and VoidsVoids form due to collapsePrimary concern is your safetyFour basic collapses in order of least to most hazardous:• Lean-to• V-shape• Pancake• Cantilever
Search and RescueSearch Operations
V-Shape Collapse
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Pancake Collapse
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Cantilever Collapse (after support)
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Some Search Tips•Preplan the search•Be systematic – follow the same direction all the way around rooms•Have prearranged signal system with exterior team•Always stay in pairs!•Don’t become a victim! Play it safe and get out if you hear creaking, sense movement, or smell gas!
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Before Entering Building•Mark the outside of the building a diagonal line with paint or pen •Write the time and date•Write the CERT team name
Search and RescueSearch Operations
After Exiting Building
•Write the time and date the search team left structure•Write hazards found and conditions found
•Mark the outside of the building another diagonal line forming an “X”
Search and RescueSearch Operations
Building Marking Sample
Search and RescueRescue Operations
Rescue•Starts once victim is located•Size-up•Assess needed resources•Have a good plan and make sure all understand it!•Plan escape routes•Determine medical needs•Keep it simple
Search and RescueRescue Operations
Rescue
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Rescue
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Search and RescueRescue Operations
General Rules•Always form a plan everyone understands•Designate a team leader and a safety officer•Full PPE•Have equipment ready for your assigned task•Always crib up to your object•Be ready to adapt if your plan is not working
Search and RescueSize-Up
Size-Up
1. Gather facts.2. Assess and communicate damage.3. Assess your resources.4. Establish priorities.5. Develop a rescue plan.6. Take action.7. Evaluate your progress.
Search and RescueReview
Search and Rescue Review•Size-up your scene and know your situation.•Be safe!•Greatest good.•Establish a search process.•Rescue victims and treat as needed.•Teamwork and communications.
Search and RescueSize-up
Size-up Scenario
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