unit 7: memory ·...
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Unit 7 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
The Phenomenon of Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
bullMemory13 learning13 that13 persists13 over13 3me13 informa3on13 that13 has13 been13 stored13 and13 can13 be13 retrievedbullExtremes of memory (Memory Olympics Clive Wearing)
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage Model
bullEncodingbullStoragebullRetrieval
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullConnectionismbullSensory13 memorybullShort-shy‐term13 memorybullLong-shy‐term13 memory
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
bullInformation directly into long-term memorybullWorking13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
The Phenomenon of Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
bullMemory13 learning13 that13 persists13 over13 3me13 informa3on13 that13 has13 been13 stored13 and13 can13 be13 retrievedbullExtremes of memory (Memory Olympics Clive Wearing)
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage Model
bullEncodingbullStoragebullRetrieval
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullConnectionismbullSensory13 memorybullShort-shy‐term13 memorybullLong-shy‐term13 memory
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
bullInformation directly into long-term memorybullWorking13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
bullMemory13 learning13 that13 persists13 over13 3me13 informa3on13 that13 has13 been13 stored13 and13 can13 be13 retrievedbullExtremes of memory (Memory Olympics Clive Wearing)
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage Model
bullEncodingbullStoragebullRetrieval
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullConnectionismbullSensory13 memorybullShort-shy‐term13 memorybullLong-shy‐term13 memory
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
bullInformation directly into long-term memorybullWorking13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage Model
bullEncodingbullStoragebullRetrieval
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullConnectionismbullSensory13 memorybullShort-shy‐term13 memorybullLong-shy‐term13 memory
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
bullInformation directly into long-term memorybullWorking13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullConnectionismbullSensory13 memorybullShort-shy‐term13 memorybullLong-shy‐term13 memory
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
bullInformation directly into long-term memorybullWorking13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullModified version of the three-stage processing model of memory
bullInformation directly into long-term memorybullWorking13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Modified13 Three-shy‐stage13 Processing13 Model13 of13 Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullAutomatic ProcessingbullParallel13 processingbullThings13 that13 are13 automa3cally13 bullprocessed
bullSpacebullTimebullFrequencybullWell-learned information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEfforGul13 ProcessingbullRehearsal (conscious repetition)bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullOverlearningbullSpacing13 effect
bullMassed practicebullDistributed practice
bullTesting effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InHow We Encode
bullSerial13 posi3on13 effectbullRecency effectbullPrimacy effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullLevels of ProcessingbullVisual13 encodingbullAcous3c13 encodingbullSeman3c13 encoding
bullSelf-reference effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 InWhat13 We13 Encode
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullVisual EncodingbullImagery
bullRosy retrospectionbullMnemonics
bullPeg-word system
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullChunking
bullacronym
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Getting Information InWhat We Encode
bullOrganizing Information for EncodingbullHierarchies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationSensory Memory
bullSperlingrsquos memory experimentbullIconic13 memorybullEchoic13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationWorkingShort-Term
bullMagic number SevenbullPlus or minus 2
bullThe list of magic sevensbullSeven wonders of worldbullSeven seasbullSeven deadly sinsbullSeven primary colorsbullSeven musical scale notesbullSeven days of the week
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationLong-Term Memory
bullUnlimited nature of long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullSynaptic ChangesbullMemory tracebullLong-shy‐term13 poten3a3on13 (LTP)bullMemory boosting drugs
bullCREBbullglutamate
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the Stress Hormones and Memory
bullEmotions and memoriesbullFlashbulb13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the bullStoring Implicit and Explicit Memories
bullAmnesiabullHM Studies
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage Retaining InformationStoring Memories in the
bullStoring Implicit and Explicit MemoriesbullImplicit13 memory13 (nondeclarative memory)bullExplicit13 memory13 (declarative memory)
bullHippocampusbullCerebellum
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage13 Retaining13 Informa3onStoring13 Memories13 in13 the13 Brain
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information Out
bullRecallbullRecogni3onbullRelearning
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutRetrieval Cues
bullRetrieval cuesbullMnemonic devicesbullPriming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutContext Effects
bullContext effectsbullDeacutejagrave13 vu
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 GeKng13 Informa3on13 OutContext13 Effects
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Getting Information OutMoods and Memories
bullState dependent memorybullMood13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 congruent13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Forgetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullAJ
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of Forgetting
bullAbsent-mindednessbullTransiencebullBlocking
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Introduction
bullSchacterrsquos sevens sins of memorybullSins of distortion
bullMisattributionbullSuggestibilitybullBias
bullSin of intrusionbullpersistence
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
bullEncoding failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage DecaybullStorage decay
bullEbbinghaus curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Ebbinghaus13 Curve
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval Failure
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureInterference
bullProac3ve13 interference13 (forward acting)bullRetroac3ve13 interference13 (backward-acting)
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval13 FailureInterference
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval FailureMotivated Forgetting
bullSelf-serving personal historiesbullRepression
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory Construction
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
bullLoftus memory studiesbullMisinforma3on13 effect
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
bullSource13 amnesia13 (source misattribution)
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Discerning True and False Memories
bullMemory studiesbullEye witness testimony
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Childrenrsquos Eyewitness Recall
bullChildrenrsquos memories of abusebullSuggestibility
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullAreas of agreementbullSexual abuse happensbullInjustice happensbullForgetting happensbullRecovered memories are incompletebullMemories before 3 years are unreliablebullHypnotic memories are unreliablebullMemories can be emotionally upsetting
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse
bullLoftus studies with children
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Improving Memory TechniquesbullStudy repeatedlybullMake the material meaningfulbullActivate retrieval cuesbullUse mnemonic devicesbullMinimize interferencebullSleep morebullTest your own knowledge both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
The End
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullTypes13 of13 Files
bullThis13 presenta3on13 has13 been13 saved13 as13 a13 ldquobasicrdquo13 Powerpoint13 file13 13 While13 this13 file13 format13 placed13 a13 few13 limita3ons13 on13 the13 presenta3on13 it13 insured13 the13 file13 would13 be13 compa3ble13 with13 the13 many13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 teachers13 use13 13 To13 add13 func3onality13 to13 the13 presenta3on13 teachers13 may13 want13 to13 save13 the13 file13 for13 their13 specific13 version13 of13 Powerpoint
bullAnima0onbullOnce13 again13 to13 insure13 compa3bility13 with13 all13 versions13 of13 Powerpoint13 none13 of13 the13 slides13 are13 animated13 13 To13 increase13 student13 interest13 it13 is13 suggested13 teachers13 animate13 the13 slides13 wherever13 possible
bullAdding13 slides13 to13 this13 presenta0onbullTeachers13 are13 encouraged13 to13 adapt13 this13 presenta3on13 to13 their13 personal13 teaching13 style13 13 To13 help13 keep13 a13 sense13 of13 con3nuity13 blank13 slides13 which13 can13 be13 copied13 and13 pasted13 to13 a13 specific13 loca3on13 in13 the13 presenta3on13 follow13 this13 ldquoTeacher13 Informa3onrdquo13 sec3on13 13 13
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullHyperlink13 Slides13 -shy‐13 This13 presenta3on13 contain13 two13 types13 of13 hyperlinks13 13 Hyperlinks13 can13 be13 iden3fied13 by13 the13 text13 being13 underlined13 and13 a13 different13 color13 (usually13 purple)
bullUnit13 subsec0ons13 hyperlinks13 13 Immediately13 aer13 the13 unit13 3tle13 slide13 a13 page13 (slide13 3)13 can13 be13 found13 lis3ng13 all13 of13 the13 unitrsquos13 subsec3ons13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 these13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 directly13 to13 the13 beginning13 of13 that13 subsec3on13 13 This13 allows13 teachers13 quick13 access13 to13 each13 subsec3on
bullBold13 print13 term13 hyperlinks13 13 Every13 bold13 print13 term13 from13 the13 unit13 is13 included13 in13 this13 presenta3on13 as13 a13 hyperlink13 13 While13 in13 slide13 show13 mode13 clicking13 on13 any13 of13 the13 hyperlinks13 will13 take13 the13 user13 to13 a13 slide13 containing13 the13 formal13 defini3on13 of13 the13 term13 13 Clicking13 on13 the13 ldquoarrowrdquo13 in13 the13 boaom13 le13 corner13 of13 the13 defini3on13 slide13 will13 take13 the13 user13 back13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on13
13 These13 hyperlinks13 were13 included13 for13 teachers13 who13 want13 students13 to13 see13 or13 copy13 down13 the13 exact13 defini3on13 as13 stated13 in13 the13 text13 13 Most13 teachers13 prefer13 the13 defini3ons13 not13 be13 included13 to13 prevent13 students13 from13 only13 ldquocopying13 down13 what13 is13 on13 the13 screenrdquo13 and13 not13 ac3vely13 listening13 to13 the13 presenta3on
13 For13 teachers13 who13 con3nually13 use13 the13 Bold13 Print13 Term13 Hyperlinks13 op3on13 please13 contact13 the13 author13 using13 the13 email13 address13 on13 the13 next13 slide13 to13 learn13 a13 technique13 to13 expedite13 the13 returning13 to13 the13 original13 point13 in13 the13 presenta3on
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Teacher13 Informa3onbullCon0nuity13 slides
bullThroughout13 this13 presenta3on13 there13 are13 slides13 usually13 of13 graphics13 or13 tables13 that13 build13 on13 one13 another13 13 These13 are13 included13 for13 three13 purposes13 13
bullBy13 presen3ng13 informa3on13 in13 small13 chunks13 students13 will13 find13 it13 easier13 to13 process13 and13 remember13 the13 concepts13 13
bullBy13 con3nually13 changing13 slides13 students13 will13 stay13 interested13 in13 the13 presenta3onbullTo13 facilitate13 class13 discussion13 and13 cri3cal13 thinking13 13 Students13 should13 be13 encouraged13 to13 think13 about13 ldquowhat13 might13 come13 nextrdquo13 in13 the13 series13 of13 slides13 13
bullPlease13 feel13 free13 to13 contact13 me13 at13 kkorekgermantownk12wius13 with13 any13 ques3ons13 concerns13 sugges3ons13 etc13 regarding13 these13 presenta3ons13
Kent13 Korek
Germantown13 High13 School
Germantown13 WI13 53022
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)subdivision title (blue print)
bullxxxbullxxxbullxxx
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Division title (green print)
Use13 this13 slide13 to13 add13 a13 table13 chart13 clip13 art13 picture13 diagram13 or13 video13 clip13 13 Delete13 this13 box13 when13 finished
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition Slide
= add definition here
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Definition
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Memory
= the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Encoding
= the processing of information into the memory systems ndash for example by extracting meaning
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Storage
= the retention of encoded information over time
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retrieval
= the process of getting information out of memory storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Sensory Memory
= the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Short-term Memory
= activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Memory
= the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Working Memory
= a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Parallel Processing
= the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brainrsquos natural mode of information processing for many functions Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Automatic Processing
= unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well-learned information such as word meanings
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Effortful Processing
= encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Rehearsal
= the conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Spacing Effect
= the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Serial Position Effect
= our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Visual Encoding
= the encoding of picture images
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Acoustic Encoding
= the encoding of sound especially the sound of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Semantic Encoding
= the encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Imagery
= mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Mnemonics
= memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Chunking
= organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Iconic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Echoic Memory
= a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
= an increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Flashbulb Memory
= a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Amnesia
= loss of memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Implicit Memory
= retention independent of conscious recollection (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Explicit Memory
= memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ldquodeclarerdquo (Also called declarative memory)
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Hippocampus
= a neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Recall
= a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Recognition
= a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Relearning
= a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Priming
= the activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Deja Vu
= that eerie sense that ldquoIrsquove experienced this beforerdquo Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Mood Congruent Memory
= the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with onersquos current good or bad mood
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Proactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Retroactive Interference
= the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Misinformation Effect
= incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
Source Amnesia
= attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined (Also called source misattribution) Source amnesia along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories
Wednesday March 6 13
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