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United Nations United Nations Economic Commission for AfricaEconomic Commission for Africa
Presented by: Souleymane ABDALLAH Economic Affairs Officer,
ACGS
The African Gender and The African Gender and Development Index Development Index
(AGDI)(AGDI)
GLOBAL FORUM ON GENDER STATISTICS
Accra, Ghana 26-28 January 2009
A framework to A framework to measure gender measure gender equality in Africaequality in Africa
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Presentation’s OutlineBackground
What is the AGDI? The Gender Status IndexThe African Women Progress
ScoreboardCross-analysis
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BackgroundECA’s mandate coordinate, support,
monitor, evaluate and report on the implementation of international agreements on gender issues;
Lack of common set of gender responsive indicators to measure progress made in the advancement of women
ECA’s response: AN AFRICAN SPECIFICGENDER AND DEVELOPMENT INDEX
(AGDI)
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What is the AGDI?
The AGDI is a comprehensive composite index made up of two complementary components:
(1) The Gender Status Index (GSI);
(2) The African Women’s Progress Scoreboard (AWPS)
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Objectives of AGDI
Three main objectives underscore the development of the AGDI:To provide African Governments with data and
information on the status of gender equality and the effects of their gender policies in tackling women’s marginalisation;
To provide African Governments with an African Specific tools to monitoring the progress made in implementing regional and international resolutions and conventions on promotion of gender equality and the advancement of women in Africa;
To provide African Governments with not only quantitative statistics but also qualitative ones so as to measure both quantitative and qualitative progress.
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What Is the GSI?What Is the GSI?The Gender Status Index is the
quantitative part of the African Gender and Development Index;
GSI covers aspects of gender relations that can be measured and provides a quantitative assessment of gender equality;
The GSI is based on three blocks: social power ‘capabilities’, economic power ‘opportunities’ and political power ‘agency’.
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GSI Architecture
GSI Economic Power Block
Political Power Block
Social Power Block
Education
Health
Income
Time-Use or Employment
Access to resources
Public sector
Civil Society
Enrolment
Drop out
Literacy Secondary Dropout
Primary Dropout
Management
Means of production
Ownership of plots or land
Access to credit
Freedom to dispose own income
…..
…..
…..
…..
Blocks (3)
Components (7)
Sub-Components (12)
Indicators (42)
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Social Block
Social Power Block
Education
Health
Enrolment
Dropout
Literacy
Child Health
Life expectancy
New HIV infections
Time spent out of work
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Social Block (Cont’d)
Education
Enrolment
Dropout
Literacy
Primary Enrolment rate
Secondary Enrolment rate
Tertiary Enrolment rate
Primary Dropout ratio
Secondary Dropout ratio
Ability to read and write
Primary school completed
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Social Block (Cont’d)
Health
Child Health
Life expectancy
New HIV infections
Time spent out of
work
Stunting under 3
Underweight under 3
Mortality under 5
Life expectancy at birth
New HIV infections
Time spent out of work
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Economic Block
Economic Power Block
Income
Time-Use or Employment
Access to resources
Means of production
Employment
Time-Use
Income
Wages
Management
12
Economic Block (Cont’d)
Income
Income
Wages
Wages in Agriculture
Wages in civil service
Wages in formal sector
Wages in informal sector
Income from informal enterprise
Income from small agricultural household
enterprise
Income from remittances and inter-household transfers
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Economic Block (Cont’d)
Time-Use or Employment
Employment
Time-Use
Time spent in non-market activities or as unpaid
family worker in market activities
Time spent in market economic activities
Time spent in domestic, care and volunteer
activities
Share of paid employees, own-account workers and
employers in total employment
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Economic Block (Cont’d)
Access to resources
Means of production
Management
Ownership of rural/urban plots or land
Access to credit
Freedom to dispose own income
Administrative, scientific and technical staff
Employers
High civil servants (Class A)
Members of professional syndicates
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Political Block
Political Power Block
Public sector
Civil Society
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Political Block (Cont’d)
Public sector
Cabinet Ministers
Higher courts judges
Members of local councils
Higher positions in civil service
Members of Parliament Members of Parliament
Cabinet Ministers
Higher courts judges
Members of local councils
Higher positions in civil service
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Political Block (Cont’d)
Civil Society
Sr. positions political parties
Sr. positions Trade unions
Sr. positions Employer’s associations
Sr. positions Professional syndicates
Heads or managers of NGOs
Heads of community-based associations or unions
Sr. positions political parties
Sr. positions Trade unions
Sr. positions Employer’s associations
Sr. positions Professional syndicates
Heads or managers of NGOs
Heads of community-based associations or unions
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Computation of the GSI
Guiding principles:Each basic indicator has the
same weight in each sub-component;
Each sub-component has the same weight in each component;
Each component of the GSI has the same weight in each block;
Finally, each block has the same weight in the GSI.
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Computation of the GSI (Cont’d)
For each variable, the indicator of gender equality is calculated the same way:Comparison (ratio) of female achievement to male achievement. The closer the indicator is to 1, the better the performance on gender equality is in the country:
Example: Primary enrolment rate for girls: 65%
Primary enrolment rate for boys: 80%Enrolment rate indicator: 65/80 = 0.8125
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Computation of the GSI (Cont’d)
The value for each sub-component, component and block is calculated as the simple arithmetic mean of respectively the indicators, sub-components and components.
The GSI is then compiled as the mean of the three blocks to give the overall gender profile of the country.
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Computation of the GSI (Cont’d)
Exceptions (Deprivation indicators):5 indicators do not follow the rule:
These are related to education (dropout), health (stunting, underweight, mortality) and time-use (domestic, care and volunteer activities): Here we compute male result versus female result.
If an indicator is missing, the other indicators of the sub-component are re-weighted, to take account of the actual number of available indicators.
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The African Women Progress Scoreboard
(AWPS)The (AWPS) is a matrix that
captures qualitative issues in relation to the performance of gender policies of African governments.
It provides an assessment of the gap between political commitment and the implementation of gender policies.
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AWPS Focus
Women’s rights : CEDAW and its optional protocol, the Protocol to the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights on Women’s Rights.
Social Power: BPfA, Violence against women (domestic, sexual, rape, traffic),African Charter on the rights of child, ICPD PoA+5 (STIs, HIV/AIDS, maternal mortality, contraception), 2001 Abuja declaration on HIV/AIDS, education (girls drop out, education on women’s rights).
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AWPS Focus (Cont’d)Economic Power: ILO Convention (100,
111, 183, policy on HIV/AIDS), Engendering NPRS, Access to agricultural extension services, access to technology, equal access to land.
Political Power: UN security council resolution 1325, Beijing PFA effective and accessible national machinery, Policy for women’s quota and affirmative action, Policy to support women’s in decision making positions within parliament/ministries, Gender mainstreaming in all departments
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Vertical Axis 1. Ratification2. Reporting3. Law4. Policy Commitment5. Development of a Plan6. Targets7. Institutional Mechanism8. Budget9. Human resources (Training)10. Research 11. Involvement of civil society12. Monitoring and evaluation13. Information and dissemination
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AWPS FORMAT
Block Ratification
Reporting Law …
Women’s Rights
Social Score
Economic
Political
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Scoring AWPSSimple scoring system that is
sensitive to progress made;The scoring is done on a three-point
scale;For all cells where it is possible, a
three point score (0 – 1 – 2,) is used:0 (zero) indicates a zero performance;1 (one) indicates a poor - fair
performance;2 (two) indicates a good – to excellent
performance.
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Cross-analysis
Block Gender Status IndexAfrican Women Progress Scoreboard
Social Secondary dropout ratio = 0.507
Girls drop out Law=0, Policy=0, Plan=0
Economic Ownership of plot/land = 0.843
Equal access to land law=2, Policy=2
Political Members of local councils = 0.328
Support women in decision making Law=2, Policy=1, Plan=0
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THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!YOUR ATTENTION!
Please visit www.uneca.org/acgd to download the AGDI booklet
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