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United Nations United Nations Study GuideStudy Guide
The United NationsThe United Nations
Est’d in 1945Est’d in 1945
Predecessor: Predecessor: League of NationsLeague of Nations
Top priority: Top priority: preserve peacepreserve peace
HQ: New York CityHQ: New York City
Secretary General Ban Ki-Secretary General Ban Ki-moon moon
From Republic of From Republic of Korea (Korea (akaaka South South Korea)Korea)
Former Minister of Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Affairs and Trade for ROKTrade for ROK
Speaks Korean, Speaks Korean, English, FrenchEnglish, French
Basic structure of the UNBasic structure of the UNThe Secretary General
The Security Council
The General Assembly
The Security CouncilThe Security Council
Security Council decisions Security Council decisions require unanimous votesrequire unanimous votes
Permanent members can veto Permanent members can veto any decisionany decision
UN somewhat ineffective UN somewhat ineffective during the Cold Warduring the Cold War
Why?Why?
Security Council may add Security Council may add permanent memberspermanent members
Japan, Germany, India, Brazil Japan, Germany, India, Brazil would like permanent seatswould like permanent seats
Why?Why?
The Security Council: 15 The Security Council: 15 totaltotal
5 permanent members5 permanent members USUS United KingdomUnited Kingdom Russian FederationRussian Federation People’s Republic of People’s Republic of
ChinaChina FranceFrance
10 Rotating members (2 10 Rotating members (2 year terms)year terms) 2 Latin America2 Latin America 2 Africa2 Africa 2 Asia2 Asia 2 Europe2 Europe 2 Middle East2 Middle East
Presidency of Council Presidency of Council rotates monthly, rotates monthly, alphabetically in alphabetically in EnglishEnglish
Current Members:Current Members: 9/20119/2011
Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Colombia, Brazil, Colombia, Gabon, Germany, India, Gabon, Germany, India, Lebanon, Nigeria, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal, South AfricaPortugal, South Africa
The General AssemblyThe General Assembly
193 members193 members Every country gets 1 seat, one voteEvery country gets 1 seat, one vote Like a global town meetingLike a global town meeting All members pay duesAll members pay dues
Based on national ability to pay, a %Based on national ability to pay, a % Meetings translated into many Meetings translated into many
different languagesdifferent languages
Main Missions of the UNMain Missions of the UN
Peace & SecurityPeace & Security
Prevent war through negotiationPrevent war through negotiation ““Peacekeeping Operations”Peacekeeping Operations”
Monitor ceasefires, truces, etcMonitor ceasefires, truces, etc Canada wrote the book Canada wrote the book
Economic & Social DevelopmentEconomic & Social Development
Rights for workersRights for workers Working conditionsWorking conditions child laborchild labor Migrant laborMigrant labor
Rights for women, ethnic Rights for women, ethnic minoritiesminorities
Promoting health issuesPromoting health issues Water & sanitationWater & sanitation NutritionNutrition Preventative medicinePreventative medicine
The UN paints its peacekeeping vehiclesThe UN paints its peacekeeping vehicleswhite to clearly identify them.white to clearly identify them.
Main Missions of the UNMain Missions of the UN
Human RightsHuman Rights Basic rights for all should be Basic rights for all should be
guaranteedguaranteed
Humanitarian AffairsHumanitarian Affairs Disaster relief, aid to refugees, Disaster relief, aid to refugees,
HIV/AIDS, famine, drought, HIV/AIDS, famine, drought, floodingflooding
International LawInternational Law
What can we get everyone to What can we get everyone to agree to?agree to?
Rules for:Rules for: ImmigrationImmigration BordersBorders Use of waterwaysUse of waterways Prisoners rightsPrisoners rights Etc.Etc.
UN troops: The “Blue Helmets”
StatsStats
1945 = 50 member 1945 = 50 member statesstates
2011 = 193 2011 = 193 member statesmember states
The UN flag is light blue and shows the The UN flag is light blue and shows the map of the world surrounded by the map of the world surrounded by the an olive branch .an olive branch .
- Why the olive branch?- Why the olive branch?
Challenges for the UNChallenges for the UN
Taking decisive action quicklyTaking decisive action quickly Members have different priorities, needsMembers have different priorities, needs Decisions require compromise Decisions require compromise
Peacekeeping forcesPeacekeeping forces Nations voluntarily contribute troopsNations voluntarily contribute troops Troops work for UN, but also for their Troops work for UN, but also for their
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