universal design (w/ architectural examples)

Welcome !

Universal design (UD) – what and how

Tom Vavik

Institutt for designOslo School of Architecture and Design

Content

What Definitions and background A brief historically backgroundAccessibility

How Inclusive design processRecommendations and guidelines Examples

Who I am

TeachingErgonomics and Universal Design

to design students

Publications

Interests

Universal design

What

1991: “Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design"

(Ronald L. Mace. The Center for Universal Design, the United States.)

Include not exclude

Universal design

WHY

Mastering everyday life

Gender equality

Non-discrimination

Equal opportunities

Equality

Self-determination

Active participation in society

Personal and

social responsibility

AREAS

Buildings, outdoor areas, goods, services, transport and communications, ICT-

solutions

DESIGN ACTIONS Increase quality through a design process with end user participation

Discover and understand the requirements

Specify the needs and whishes from the users,

the context and the tasks

Use and transform standards, guidelines,

and checklists

Test and evaluate with users along the design

process

HOW

Public action plans, legislation and regulations,

a profitable market.

Developing attitudes and physical, digital and

organizational solutions

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The ’Usability Pyramid’ (Knut Nordby 2004)

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Universal Design also known as Inclusive Design, Design for All and Accessible Design

Universal Design (USA)• The Americans with Disabilities

Act (ADA)(1990)• Architect Ronald L. Mace (1991) • 7 Principles of UD (1997)

Inclusive Design (England)• Roger Coleman, Royal College

of Art (RCA), Helen Hamlyn Centre

Rama GheerawoPeople centered design

• Cambridge

Universal design (Norway)• Norwegian Design Council

Innovation for All

Accessible DesignDesign for our future selvesTransgenerational Design

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Dependency on others

Physical accessibility AvailabilityPromote independent use Flexibility and possibility for choice

Cognitive accessibility Senses, multisensorial Easy to understand, learn and

remember

Physical and cognitive accessibility

UD is a part of a sustainable development…

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (UN, 1987)

… and a national strategy

• Universal design is a national strategy for making society accessible to all people. The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion coordinates the Government's policy in this field through the Action plan for universal design and increased accessibility 2009-2013.

An ethical perspective to UD

”At a society level, universal design is based on equality and equal opportunities as values. For the individual this strategy should be linked to plurality, inclusion and

self-respect.”Ref. Inger Marie Lid [Oslo and Akershus University College, Norway]

Social Sustainable Development involves

• Basic human needs• Equity • Social accountability• Empowerment• Local self–reliance• Participation• Inclusion• Accessibility• Appropriate technology

• Protecting the mental and physical health of stakeholders

• Encouraging community development

• Treating all stakeholders fairly• Access to social resources• Providing essential services

(Esp.design.org,http://www.espdesign.org/sustainability-definition/social-sustainability/)

Sustainable development – design approaches

Design for Environment,Green design, EcoDesign

Universal design, Design for accessibility, Design for all, Participatory design,Inclusive design, Design for diversity

Strategic design, Design management

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Society’s requirements versus the individual’s abilities (Knut Nordby 2004)

What influence how a building is experienced?

• The features or qualities of the building itself • The capabilities of the user• The environment aspects, in which context it is acting in• How it is used, what are the tasks that are performed

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Classification of human abilities (CEN/CENELEC Guide 6)

Sensory abilities such asseeing, hearing, touch, taste, smell and ballance

Physical abilities such asspeech, dexterity, manipulation, mobilitystrength and endurance

Cognitive abilities such asintellect, memory, language and literacy

What disabilities-from an architecture perspective

• Freedom of movement (mobility impaired)• The ability to orient themselves (orienteringshemmet)• Tolerance towards drugs in the environment

(miljøhemmet)

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People with reduced mobility

Universal design

How

Universal Design in Norway

ConferencesAction Plans

“Universal design thinking has become widely recognized and applied in Norwegian political documents, statutory framework and technical guidelines.”

The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion

• Disabilities• Ethnic Discrimination• Gender equality• Sexual orientation and gender identity• Universal design

• Universal design is a national strategy for making society accessible to all people.

Rules, regulations and laws

• Law on planning and buildingRegulations (Planning and Building)

• Laws prohibiting discrimination on grounds of disability (Discrimination and Accessibility Act)

• Arbeidsmiljøloven• Arbeids- og velferdsforvaltningsloven• Barnehageloven• Fagskoleloven• Folkehelseloven• Folkehøyskoleloven• Forvaltningsloven• Friluftsloven

• Husbankloven• Jernbaneloven• Kommunehelsetjenesteloven• Lov om offentlige anskaffelser • Opplæringsloven• Privatskoleloven• Tobakkskadeloven

• Act relating to universities and colleges (Universities and University Colleges Act).

• Valgloven• Vegloven• Yrkestransportloven

See www.lovdata.no

Hvordan … i designprosessen

Planlegging og analyse• Brukerprofil og interessentanalyse• Evaluering av eksisterende produkter• Litteratur og standarder• Spesifikasjon av brukerkrav

Design• System- funksjons- og oppgaveanalyse• Overføring av brukerkrav til anvendbare data• Teste og evaluere mock-ups og tidlige

prototyper

Testing og verifisering• Testing av prototyper med bruker• Modifisering

Model for teaching Design for diversity

Køsystem for alle, 2004

Marianne Rolfsen 2.år

Elements in an inclusive design process

How end user involvement

How 3-B analyse

Bruker• Brukerprofil• Interessentanalyse

Brukssituasjon• Fysiske og psykososiale miljøforhold

Bruksmåte• Oppgaveanalyse

• https://byggforalle.no/uu/sok.html

•

• http://statsbygg.no/UniversellUtforming/

• Statsbygg is the Norwegian government's key advisor in construction and property affairs, building commissioner, property manager and property developer.

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Examples

Side 38Foto: Oddvin Farestveit

Takk for oppmerksomheten!Takk for oppmerksomheten!

"Anything that can go wrong, will".

The generalised "folk" version of “Murphy's Law”

Photo: Gunn Schmitthenner

What is design ?

Design is about ethical values http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tngz9I-wQP4

"Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.”(ICSID)

ERGONOMICS3 (Ergonomidesign)

Physical Ergonomics

Emotional Ergonomics

+ Design process

Cognitive Ergonomics

Inclusive design - the strategy of the future

Inclusive design aims to enable allpeople to have equal opportunities toparticipate in every aspect of societyirrespective of cognitive, physical orsociocultural factors.

(Ergonomidesign in Stockholm)

Universal design approaches

• The use of the product (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a particular context of use)

• The user interface and interaction

• The process used to develop the product

• The capability of an organization to apply this design strategy

(Adapted from http://www.usabilitynet.org)