urban soil survey - nyfederation.org...37 “natural” soil series (4 est. in nyc) 29 haht soil...
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The New York City Soil Survey Olga Vargas, USDA-NRCS Soil Scientist May 2018
New York City Soil Survey Program Since 1995
A partnership was established between: – NRCS – NYC-SWCD – Cornell University
To address the complexities of urban needs with a multi-faceted soil survey program.
The NYC Soil Survey Program
a) Soil mapping & survey-related studies/special projects
b) Onsite Investigations
c) Soils training, workshops, lectures, conferences; outreach
d) Volunteer & internship opportunities
NYC Survey Methods: Differentiating Criteria “Native” Soils in NDM
Naturally deposited materials (by ice, water, wind, etc.) Soils in HA-HTM Human-altered or human-transported mat’ls (fill) Miscellaneous Areas Urban land (sealed soils) Also Beaches, Rock outcrop, Dune land, etc.
1:12,000 field sheet Soil series: similar parent material, particle size & drainage class, sequence of horizons. We also differentiated HA-HTM soils by artifact type & content, and thickness of fill.
NYC Survey Methods: Inputs
Spatial data
• Topo maps & DEMs
• Geologic maps
Remote imagery
• Aerial photos
Field observations
Stereoscope & aerial photography
USGS NYC Folio; Merrill et al., 1902 Guide to parent material, substratum type
Geologic maps
USGS national Geologic Map Dataset (PDF, GeoTiff, JPG, KMZ) https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2490.htm
NYC Survey Methods: Delineation
soil – landscape units reflect: Topography
Parent material
Land use / cover
Bunker Ponds Park, Staten Island
USDA-NRCS NYC Soil Surveys
acres scale msd
Central Park 843 1:4,800 0.3 acres
South Latourette Park 320 1:6,000 0.5 acres
Gateway Nat Rec Area 6,300 1:4,800 0.3 acres
Bronx River Watershed 6,900 1:6,000 0.5 acres
Reconnaissance 193,024 1:62,500 40.0 acres
City-Wide Initial 190,764 1:12,000 1.5 acres (Web Soil Survey available)
NYC initial soil survey
1:12,000 scale (1.5 acre MSD)
236 Map units
37 “Natural” soil series (4 est. in NYC)
29 HAHT soil series (27 est. in NYC)
• Clean fill – spolic (HAHT class)
• Dredge materials – dredgic
• Construction debris - artifactic
• Coal & fly ash – combustic
• Solid waste landfill - methanogenic
Urban land mapunits – 6 substratum phases (from USGS map)
Till Tidal marsh
Outwash Sandy
Alluvium Reclaimed
Bigapple series Dredge materials
NYC Citywide totals (USDA-NRCS Soil Survey)
% of land area
Urban land (sealed soils) 62.7 HAHT* (fill) Soils 27.6 “Native” Soils 8.6 Other Misc. Areas** 1.1 * Human-altered & human-transported **Rock outcrop, Beaches, etc.
Cross Bronx Expressway (NY Times photo)
NYC Pedodiversity Soil Type % of land area
Sealed soils 62.6
Clean fill 16.4
Artifactual fill 6.0
Dredge fill 2.9
Brown till 2.6
Red till 2.1
Tidal marsh 2.0
Landfill 1.6
Outwash 1.5
Sand dunes 0.3
Coal ash 0.1
Serpentine 0.1
USDA-NRCS Soil Survey of New York City - 2013
1:12,000 scale (“Official” data)
1.5 acre (0.6 ha) minimum size delineation
available on Web Soil Survey:
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
Create soil map & custom report for
“Area of Interest”
Download spatial & tabular data (by county/boro)
Web Soil Survey: Soil Data Explorer Soil Properties and Qualities “aggregate” data
• Soil Chemical Properties
• Soil Physical Properties
• Soil Erosion Factors
• Soil Qualities and Features
• Water Features
Greenbelt soil “clean” fill
Web Soil Survey: Soil Data Explorer Suitabilities and Limitations for Use
• Building Site Development • Construction Materials • Disaster Recovery Planning • Land Classifications • Land Management • Military Operations • Recreational Development • Sanitary Facilities • Vegetative Productivity • Waste Management • Water Management
Mosholu soil Coal combustion ash
NRCS survey-related projects & Lab Data, NYC
118 pedons sampled to date
Atmospheric inputs of trace metals in woodland soils
Manhattan trace metal/PAH background levels with Con-Edison
Infiltration & Land Use
Artifacts & trace metals
Citywide soil organic carbon stocks
Lab Data Mart: “point” data https://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/
• Particle size (USDA & Engineering)
• Bulk density
• Water retention
• pH & EC
• CEC
• Soil test analyses (extractions)
• Total elemental analysis (C, N, S, etc.)
• Trace metals
• Mineralogy
Laguardia soil construction debris
https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/soilweb-apps
NYC Soils available on: Soil Web Applications
http://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/soil_web/kml/mapunits.kml
NYC Soils available on Google Earth:
• Geospatial Data Gateway Direct Download
• Gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) by State
• gSSURGO/SSURGO ArcTools (ArcGIS)
Create gSSURGO, download SSURGO and create interpretative soil maps; Soil Development Toolbox
Soil Data Viewer an extension to ArcMap that allows a user to create soil-based thematic maps
• Value Added Look UP Table Database • Soil organic Carbon
• Soil Data Access Query (SQL)
NYC Soils available in gSSURGO
Soil Systems of New York City
Landscape block diagram, Brown meltout till
Intro/Guide to NYC Soils Accompaniment to Web Soil Survey Info on parent materials, landscapes, properties (including lab data) of NYC soils Systems are distinct groups of soils or catenas produced by the interaction of geology, geomorphology, hydrology and climate. 34 total for NYC, including: Tidal soil system Red serpentine till system Brown till, meltout till subsystem Red sedimentary till, fragipan subsystem Deep fill, artifact subsystem Pavement system, brown till subsystem…
Soil Shops- NY, NJ & PA soil lead screening
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), NY Department of Health Brooklyn College Cornell Cooperative Extension Rutgers University USDA-NRCS
Albany, NY Utica, NY Newburgh, NY Staten Island, NY Camden, NJ Philadelphia, PA
Portable X-ray fluorescence environmental analyzer EPA Method 6200
How Healthy is your soil?
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