u.s.s.r. rise and fall of a nation. vladimir lenin (1917 – 1924) n.e.p. (new economic policy) some...
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Vladimir Lenin (1917 – 1924)
• N.E.P. (New Economic Policy)
• Some elements of capitalism
Josef Stalin (1924 – 1953)
• Five Year Plans to rebuild industry
• Great Purge to imprison or kill political dissidents
Nikita Khrushchev (1953 – 1964)
• De-Stalinization- freed many political prisoners
• Eased censorship
• “We will bury you!”
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall
Sputnik (1957) add
• 1st artificial satellite to orbit earth
• Starts Space Race
Berlin Wall (1961)
• Divided West & East Berlin
• Fell in 1989
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
• U.S.S.R. tried to smuggle weapons into Cuba.
• U.S. imposed a naval blockade.
• U.S.S.R. backs down.
Leonid Brezhnev (1964 – 1982)
• Suppressed dissidents
• Critics were imprisoned in insane asylums.
Détente (1970’s)
• Easing of tensions a “thaw” in the Cold War
• SALT- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (I & II)
Brezhnev Doctrine
• U.S.S.R. had the right to prevent its satellite countries from rejecting communism.
• What made Brezhnev so mad????
• The Czechoslovakians ….
The Prague Spring (1968)
• Czechoslovakian President Alexandr Dubcek announced a new form of democratic communism.
• For four months they enjoyed freedom of speech and less state controls.
What did the U.S.S.R. do?
• 500,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded
• Czechoslovakia.
• They didn’t fight back, but stood in front of the tanks & put flowers in the soldiers hair.
• Dubcek was arrested and sent to Moscow.
Invasion of Afghanistan (1979 - 1988)
• Drained Soviet economy.
• Low morale.
• Ended détente
• The USSR’s Vietnam
US helped Taliban resistance fighters with guns and equipment
Mikhail Gorbachev(1985 – 1991)
• Signed arms treaty with the U.S.
• Pulled troops out of Afghanistan
Nationalities
• Freedom movement in Eastern Europe
• Conflicts between pro-communist & pro-democratic groups
• Minority revolts and civil conflicts
Effects of the Fall
• Formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
• Loss of role as world superpower
• End of the Cold War
• Economic hardships
Boris Yeltsin (1991 – 2000) elected President of democratic Russia
• Reduced nuclear stock piles
• Unemployment increased
• Prices increased
• Criminals & gang activity big problems
Chechnya Revolt (1994 - 1996)
• Chechnya is a province with a Muslim majority.
• They wanted their autonomy from Russia.
• 21 month guerilla and civil war.
• Russia withdrew troops but did not grant total independence.
Dmitry Medvedev (2008 – present)
• Hand-picked by Putin.
• Working to reform the government ?!?
• Invasion of Georgia (Aug.2008)
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