vaccination for contagious diseases
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Vaccination for Contagious DiseasesPreventing Disease Transmission During Vaccination
Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)
• Any mass vaccination program has the potential to spread diseases
• Follow appropriate biosecurity measures– Equipment, clothing,
hands, vehicles, or personnel
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
Preventing Transmission
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Pathogenic agents and disease can be spread by one of five main methods:– Oral– Aerosol– Direct contact– Fomites – Vectors
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Disease Transmission
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Personnel– Keep fingernails trimmed and clean– Pull back hair or cover hair– Do not wear jewelry–Wash hands or
change gloves between animals
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Risk Management
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Personnel continued -–Wear outer protective
clothing and change as appropriate
– Clean boots before and after entering
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Risk Management
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Personnel continued -– Separate contaminated
clothing– Do not wear protective
clothing home– Shower in and out of
large production units when possible
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Risk Management
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• General– Use disposable equipment – Use new, sterile needles– Contain refuse on site– Use smallest vaccine
vial possible– Clean and disinfect
multi-dose syringes
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Risk Management
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• General– Decontaminate reusable equipment • Submerging in disinfectant• Wiping the surface with disinfectant
– Do not expose the vaccine in the syringe or needle to disinfectant
– Follow farm decon procedures• Vehicles, equipment, PPE
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Risk Management
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
Vaccination Strategies During An Outbreak
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Various vaccination strategies may be employed based on the following factors:– Scope of the outbreak– Population at risk– Chosen objectives– Geographic considerations– Nature of disease and vaccine efficacy– Trade restrictions– Resource availability
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Vaccination Strategies
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Suppressive vaccination– Decrease probability of infection– Reduce shedding from infected animals
• Targeted vaccination– Specific populations or areas– Ring and Barrier Strategies
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Vaccination Strategies
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Vaccination may be inappropriate– Trade issues– Vaccinated animals cannot be
distinguished from naturally infected animals• If DIVA vaccines are not availableDIVA = Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals OR Detection of Infection in Vaccinated Animals
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
No Vaccination
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention
• Proper vaccine handling and storage, correct administration protocols, appropriate animal handling methods and applicable biosecurity procedures are crucial to success
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
Conclusion
• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_h
ealth/emergency_management/
• Vaccination for Contagious Diseases web-base training module– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases: Overview
For More Information
Authors (CFSPH)• Jim Roth, DVM, PhD, DACVM• Amber Stumbaugh, MS• Anna Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhD• Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH,
PhD, DACVPMReviewers (USDA) • Patricia Foley, DVM, PhD• R. Alex Thompson, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases: Overview
Guidelines Content
AcknowledgmentsDevelopment of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services
PPT Author: Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student, Iowa State UniversityReviewers: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH; Janice Mogan, DVM
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