vaccines, autism, and “blue marble” health - immune.org.nz global challenges for... ·...
Post on 02-Sep-2019
4 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Vaccines, Autism, and“Blue Marble” HealthPeter Hotez, M.D., Ph.D.
Texas Children’s Hospital EndowedChair in Tropical Pediatrics
Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine
US Science Envoy
@PeterHotez
Page 2
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:50 PM
Houston, Texas
Page 3
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:50 PM
Global health & disease in the 2020s
Page 4
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:51 PM
New World Order‐The term "new world order" has been used to refer to any new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power.
‐Post WWI League of Nations
‐Post WWII United Nations
‐Cold War
‐Current New World Order•Anti-science•Regional Conflicts•Climate Change•US/UK Retreat from Globalization, China’s neo-Silk Road, & Blue Marble Health
Page 5
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:51 PM
Page 6
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:51 PM
The Global Burden of Disease 1990-2013
Expanded use of vaccines• 83% reduction in measles deaths• 82% reduction in tetanus deaths• 57% reduction in diphtheria/pertussis deaths• 45% reduction in Hib deaths
Development new vaccines• Pneumococcal disease (36% reduction in deaths)• Rotavirus (63% reduction in deaths)
2.5 million childhood lives saved through these initiatives
Page 7
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:51 PM
Page 8
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:52 PM
Page 9
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:52 PM
Personal belief exemptions and Texas
Page 10
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:52 PM
• Texas ranks at the bottom of fully immunized children• 45,000 Personal Belief Exemptions in Texas
Page 11
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:52 PM
Page 12
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:52 PM
Measles outbreak Twin Cities MN
Page 13
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:53 PM
Nation of Islam and Antivaccine
Page 14
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:53 PM
Is Vaccine Hesitancy Expanding Nationally?
Page 15
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:53 PM
State Vaccine Exemptions
Page 16
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:54 PM
Page 17
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:54 PM
Page 18
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:54 PM
Page 19
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:54 PM
The Neurobiology of Autism
Page 20
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:54 PM
Larson H et al EBioMedicine 2016 12, 295-301DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.042)
Globalization of Vaccine Hesitancy
Page 21
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:54 PM
How the Anti‐Vaxxers are Winning
Page 22
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:55 PM
Page 23
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:55 PM
New survey findings: ResearchAmerica
Page 24
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:55 PM
New Vaccines for 21st Century Neglected diseases
Page 25
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:55 PM
Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development
• Built structure
• Launched Hookworm Program
2000 to
2004
• Expanded Hookworm Program
• SchistoProgram
• Relocated to TMC
2004 to
2011
• Added 7 additional programs
• Expansion of capabilities
2011 to
2015
Page 26
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:56 PM
Rino Rappuoli: Reverse Vaccinology
Page 27
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:56 PM
Reverse vaccinology as a ‘holy grail’ for complex eukaryotic organisms
‐Large genomes of similar complexity to human genome
‐Inadequacy of bacterial expression systems for eukaryotic antigens
‐Low throughput not high throughput
‐Deficiencies in animal models
Page 28
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:56 PM
Vaccine TargetingHookworm and Schistosomiasis Co-Infections
A MULTIVALENTVACCINE TARGETING HOOKWORM + SCHISTO
membrane1 2 3 4
C
GC
C C
C
G/A G/A
E/Q
E/Q
G/A
K
G/A F/Y
GC
E/Q
P
W/F/Y
EC‐1
EC‐2
Page 29
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:56 PM
Three Major Drivers of 21st Century NTDs
• Health system collapse
Conflict
• Blue Marble Health
Poverty• Poverty• Conflict
Climate
Page 30
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:57 PM
BLUE MARBLE HEALTH: The Poor Living Among the Wealthy (G20 + Nigeria)
WHO + GBD 2013• 73-78% Leprosy• 61-78% Chagas• 60-61% Dengue• 57-60% TB• 45-67% VL• 50-52% Helminths
• STH• Schistosomiasis• Lymphatic
Filariasis• Onchocerciasis
G20 + Nigeria = 54% Populationand 86% Global Economy
Page 31
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:57 PM
US Gulf Coast: America’s Underbelly• NTDs
‐ Toxocariasis 2.2 M
‐ Trichomoniasis 1.4 M
‐ Chagas disease 58,000
‐ WNV 8,365
‐ Typhus 1,762
‐ Leprosy
‐ Dengue, Zika, chik
‐ Cysticercosis
• 21st Century Forces‐Poverty
‐Climate Change
‐Urbanization
‐Human migrations
‐Transportation
Page 32
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:57 PM
Therapeutic Chagas Disease Vaccine
Increased Ag‐specific IFNγDecreased T. cruzi burdenDecreased Cardiac fibrosis
Experimental Chagas disease vaccine improvesCardiac Echocardiography function
Page 33
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:58 PM
CONFLICT & POLITICAL DESTABILIZATION:
• Measles/Polio• Leishmaniasis• Schistosomiasis• Brucellosis• MERS CoV• Dengue and RVF• Malaria/TB• Cholera
ISIS-occupied Syria, Iraq, Libya, Yemen
Page 34
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:58 PM
Leishmaniasis Vaccine• Bivalent recombinant vaccine
‐ NH36‐ Sandfly antigens: LJM19 LJM143‐ GLA or CpG
Page 35
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:59 PM
Coronaviruses
• 3 groups of coronaviruses. MERS‐CoV is the 6th new type of coronavirus like SARS‐CoV.
• SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV are β coronaviruses.
• MERS‐CoV was first identified in 2012, and causes increased cases of infections in humans and camels.
SARS‐CoV
MERS‐CoV
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
Page 36
xxx00.#####.ppt 9/21/2017 4:12:59 PM
U.S. Science Envoy Program
top related