valuation of ecosystem services for improving agricultural water management in kazakhstan
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Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Valuation of Ecosystem Services for Improving Agricultural Water Management
in KazakhstanVinay Nangia, Ph.D.
Lead Agricultural HydrologistInt’l Center for Ag. Res. in Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Amman, Jordan
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Study location
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
BackgroundChardara reservoir was constructed:
in southern Kazakhstan in 1965 for irrigation and hydropower generation. reservoir also supports many fragile
ecosystems such as: • fisheries and livestock• riparian forests and rangelands• human population• tourism
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Background (cont’d)
But the volume of water in the reservoir fluctuates by as much as 10-12 times from winter to summer period, and return flows from irrigated agriculture are rich in nonpoint source pollutants and adversely affect the downstream users of this water
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Site characteristicsSouth Kazakhstan Province Turkestan city administration
area
Population in 2012 2,734,700 244,100Population density 22,4 person per km2 33,0 person per km2
Total area, thousand km2 117.2 7.4
Number of agricultural units in 2012 74,050 4,968
Total cultivated area (ha) 772,183.8 38,944.1
Soil types Grey soils and grey brown soils Bright southern and ordinary serozems, sand and gravel
Agro climate characteristics Dry arid zone Dry arid foothill zone
Annual precipitation Plain – 50-250 mm, foothill – 750 mm 180-200 mm
Average air temperature January -9.6°C in the north part,
-0.9°C in the south partJuly +20/+30°C
January -10/-15°CJuly +35/+40°C
Main economic drivers Agriculture Tourism, agriculture
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Project builds on existing researchThe Regional Environmental Center for Central Asia (CAREC) has a GEF-funded 2 year project in area aimed at creating cooperation mechanisms between local stakeholders to enhance ES provisioningCAREC built linkages between nature reserve, farmers, herders, schools and a local NGO WQ and Landscape aesthetics main ES
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
The nature reserve committed to develop a plan for rational pasture management in its buffer zone to limit soil erosion and grazing in the Khantagi riverbed
Water points were built on remote pastures to destock degraded rangelands
The nature reserve held trainings on alternative sources of income such asgreenhouse construction and management, and promoted the use of water-saving technologies (drip
irrigation)
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Hypothesis of this study• Improving agricultural water management
will lead to improvement of other downstream ecosystem services sharing same water, and
• through the identification and valuation of main water-related ecosystem services, a plan can be developed for payment for improvement of agricultural water management
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Objectives
Identify key drivers of water use and water-use change in the lower Syr Darya River Basin and their economic impact on water users;Develop a set of mechanisms, including incentive-based ones, to promote improved water uses, with a focus on women-led, agriculture-based, income-generating activities;Mainstream project results into development planning and policy making of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Methodology• Baseline assessment
Ag. water management modeling (SWAT)Stakeholder mapping (GIS)Drivers of water uses (survey)
• Improvement activitiesCap. building and women empowermentDev. Incentive-based mechanismApplication of H2O-saving technologies Cap. building of policy makers
Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
OutputsDatabase of stakeholders and water usersMS these on value chains and VESWell-calibrated SWAT model estimating DischargeN, P, KPesticidesSediment
Trade-off options under different scenarios of changing ecosystem services provisionPolicy briefs
Thank you
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