vangÉline, a tale of acadie

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ÉVANGÉLINE, A TALE OF ACADIE…

by Henry Wadsworth

Longfellow

1847

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ACADIAN HISTORY…

• ACADIAN EXPULSION in 1755 not widely known

until Longfellow’s “EVANGELINE” in 1847, 100

years after the expulsion.

• Historical records of EXPULSION locked in Nova

Scotia archives

• Parts of FRANCIS PARKMAN writings on Acadia

were inaccurate in favor of England

• First complete history of Acadia by ÉDOUARD

RICHARD in 1895, a historian, member Canadian

Parliament.

• Best history: Prof JOHN MACK FARAGHER, Yale

University, “A GREAT AND NOBLE SCHEME”,

2005. 562 pages. Available on AMAZON.

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WHERE

WAS

ACADIA?

WHERE

WAS

ACADIA?

ACADIA INCLUDES

PRESENT-DAY

CANADIAN

MARITIMES:

GASPÉ,

NEW BRUNSWICK,

NOVA SCOTIA,

PRINCE EDWARD ISLE,

CAPE BRETON AND

EASTERN THIRD OF

PRESENT-DAY MAINE.

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THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1604,AS SUN ROSE ON MOUNT CADILLAC…

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PLANNED TO USE ST CROIX ISLAND AS

TEMPORARY BASE.

WINTER DISASTROUS: LOST 35

SETTLERS.

MI’KMAQS, SAVED REMAINING

SETTLERS.

PIERRE DU GUA EXPEDITION

APPROACHED ST CROIX ISLAND …75 miles northeast of Bar Harbor

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There were two

colonies in NEW

FRANCE: Acadia and

Québec.

TYPICALLY,

Acadians were from La

Rochelle and western

France.

Québecois (French

Canadians) were from

Normandy and

northeastern France.

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SAINT CROIX ISLAND(400’wide by 1000’ long)

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• DETAILS OF PORT ROYAL SETTLEMENT, ANNAPOLIS BASIN AND RIVIÉRE AU DAUPHIN

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The Port Royal Acadian habitation built in 1605… 13

• 1632, CHARLES DE MENOU, LORD d’AULNAYbecomes GOVERNOR OF ACADIA

• d’AULNAY INVITES PEASANTS FROM HIS ESTATE

• SETTLERS OWN PROPERTY. DIKES COLLECTIVELY OWNED

• ACADIANS TRADE WITH MI’KMAQ INDIANS, COLONIES AND ENGLAND

• VILLAGES REPRESENTED BY DELEGATES (DÉLÉGUÉS)

• SETTLERS RE-INVEST PROFITS IN PROPERTIES

• DIFFERENT FROM FEUDAL CULTURE IN QUÉBEC

ACADIAN PROGRESS…

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“The independent, democratic ethic of the Acadians presaged the modern era, which arrived powerfully … later with the American and French revolutions.”

Clive Doucet in “Notes from Exile, On Being Acadian”

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ACADIANS RECLAIMED MARSHES…

BEFORE CLEARING LAND

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ACADIA’S FOUNDING FAMILIESfrom the first census in 1671

RECOGNIZE ANY NAMES?

• Babin

• Bastarache

• Belliveau

• Bergeron

• Bertrand

• Blanchard

• Boudreau

• Bourg

• Bourgeois

• Breau

• Brun

• Comeau

• Cormier

• Daigre

• de Forest

(Forrait, Forêt)

Doucet

Dugas

Dupuis

Gaudet

Gauterot

Girouard

Granger

Hébert

Lanoué

Landry

Leblanc

Léger

Leveron

Martin

Melançon

Michel

Mius

Morin

Pélérin

Poirier

Richard

Robichaud

Roy

Savoie

Sire

Terriau

Thibodeau

Trahan

Vincent

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1755 POPULATION: 15,000

SETTLEMENTS: 1. BEAUBASSIN2. CANSO3. CAP DE SABLE4. CHIPOUDIE5. COBEQUID6. GRAND-PRÉ7. LA HÈVE8. LES MINES9. LOUISBOURG10. PIGIQUID11. POBOMCOUP12. PORT ROYAL

PROPERTY:130,000 CATTLE100,000 ARABLE ACRES100,000 CLEARED ACRES

IN 1713 TREATY OF

UTRECHT, FRANCE

CEDED ACADIAN

PENINSULA TO

ENGLAND

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•NOVA SCOTIA GOV. CHARLES LAWRENCE

•MASS GOV. WILLIAM SHIRLEY

•Militia Commander:

COL. ROBERT MONCKTON,

•Battalion Chiefs:

COL. JOHN WINSLOW

LT COL. GEORGE SCOTT

LEADERSHIP:

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AUGUST 10, 1755…

•CHARLES LAWRENCE, Governor of Nova Scotia directed expulsion of Acadians.

•GOVERNOR SHIRLEY, Colonial Governor of Massachusetts provided SHIPS and MILITIA.

•Colonel JOHN WINSLOW led campaign, with Colonel George Scott.

• In each village, WINSLOW called for a meeting with Acadians… 24

Acadian males were

locked in churches to await ships.

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FROM NOURSE’S “MILITARY ANNALS OF LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS: 1740-1865”. Published 1889

“Lancaster in Acadia and the Acadians in Lancaster”Extracts from Captain Abijah Willard's Orderly Book —Hardships of the Campaign— The French Neutrals in Lancaster.

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“It is one hundred and thirty years

Since the burning of Grand-Pré,

When on the falling tide the freighted vessels departed,

Bearing a nation, with all its household goods, into exile ;

Exile without an end and without an example in history." 26

FROM NOURSE’S “HISTORY OF HARVARD: 1732-1893”

As captain, Abijah Willard, was the brother of Colonel Samuel Willard, and like him, a native of Still River. A younger brother, Joshua Willard, and Moses Haskell were his lieutenants, and Caleb Willard his ensign.

“ The Harvard men in his command were

eight in number:— Benjamin Atherton, 20, laborer.

Daniel Harper, 21, laborer. Jonathan Creasy, 25.

Elias Haskell,19, cooper. Isaac Day, 24, cooper.

Joseph Metcalf, 21 and John Farnsworth, 30,

laborers. Silas Willard, 19, laborer.”27

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ORDER OF THE DAY FROM

GOVERNOR CHARLES LAWRENCE:

“BURN ALL HOUSES..”

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Acadian

males loaded

on ships,

females on

different

ships, with

destinations

along eastern

seaboard.

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DIVIDE AND DISPERSE…1755-1764

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LINEAGE OF JOSEPH R. THERIAULT LINEAGE OF SCOTT P. ROY

Jehan, 1601, Martaizé, France 1 Jean, 1651, St Malo, Brittany, France

Claude, 1637, Port Royal, Acadia 2 François, 1692, Port Royal, Acadia

Germain, 1662, Port Royal, Acadia 3 BENOIT, 1728, ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, NOVA SCOTIA

Claude, 1687, Grand-Pré, Acadia 4 Firmin, 1761, Bouctouche, New Brunswick

JOSEPH, 1719, GRAND-PRÉ, NOVA SCOTIA 5 Charles, 1790, Arichat, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia

Charles, 1763, Kamouraska, PQ 6 Edward, 1822, Arichat, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia

Charles, 1796, Kamouraska, PQ 7 Charles Hubert, 1854, Arichat, Cape Breton, NS

Dolphis, 1823, St-Basile, NB 8 Abraham, 1892, Arichat, Cape Breton, NS

Joseph, 1858, St-Jacques, NB 9 Albert, 1916, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

ANCESTORS OF JOSEPH R. THERIAULT (12TH GEN)

ANCESTORS OF SCOTT P. ROY (11TH GEN)

Note:GENERATIONS SHOWN IN BOLD RED WERE DIRECTLY IMPACTED BY EXPULSION.

TWO HARVARD ACADIANS

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• BENONI MELANSON. Wife, Marie. Children: Marie, Joseph, Simeon, Jean Bezaleel, Carré

• GEOFFREY BENOIT. Wife, Abigail. Children: Jean, Pierre, Joseph, Marie.

• THÉAL FORRET. Wife, Abigail. Children: Marie, Abigail, Marguerite. REASSIGNED TO HARVARD

ACADIANS ASSIGNED TO LANCASTER and HARVARD:

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HOPING TO FIND THEIR WAY BACK HOME…

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ACADIANS TODAY…MADAWASKA TERRITORY

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ACADIANS TODAY…

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Babin

BASTARACHEBelliveau

BENOITBergeronBertrand

BLANCHARDBILODEAU**BOUDREAUBourgBourgeoisBreauBrunComeau

CORMIER

Daigre

DE FOREST, FORRESTDOUCET, DOUCETTEDugasDupuisGaudet

GAUTEROT, GOTROGirouardGrangerHébertLanoué

LANDRYLEBLANCLégerLeveron

MARTINMelançon, MelansonMichelMius

MORINPélérinPoirier

RICHARDRobichaud

ROY (dit LA LIBERTÉ)SavoieSire, Cyr

TERRIAU, THERIOT, THERIAULTThibodeauTrahanVincent

ACADIA’S FAMILIES IN HARVARD TODAY(IN BOLD RED)

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LEARN ABOUT THE AUTHOR’S BOOKS. AVAILABLE ON AMAZON…