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VISUALIZATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION

Models and Modeling in Science Education

VOLUME 1

Series Editor: Professor J. K. Gilbert Institute of Education

UK

Editorial Board: Professor D.F. Treagust Science and Mathematics Education Centre

Australia

Assoc. Professor J.H. van Driel ICLON University of Leiden The Netherlands

Dr. Rosária Justi Department of Chemistry University of Minas Gerais Brazil

Dr. Janice Gobert The Concord Consortium USA

The University of Reading

Curtin University of Technology

Visualization in Science Education

Edited by

JOHN K. GILBERTThe University of Reading, UK

P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved© 2005 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedin any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recordingor otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exceptionof any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being enteredand executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

Printed in the Netherlands.

www.springeronline.com

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 1-4020-3612-4 (HB)

ISBN-10 1-4020-3613-2 (e-book)

Published by Springer,

ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3612-5 (HB)

ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3613-2 (e-book)

v

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements vii

Colour Section ix

Appendices to Chapter 13 xxxiii

Introduction 1

Section A: The significance of visualization in science education 7

1. Visualization: A metacognitive skill in science and science

education 9

John K. Gilbert

2. Prolegomenon to scientific visualization 29

Barbara Tversky, Stanford University, USA

3. Mental Models: Theoretical issues for visualizations in

science education 43

David Rapp, University of Minnesota, USA

4. A model of molecular visualization 61

Michael Briggs, George Bodner

5. Grasping leveraging technology and cognitive theory on 73

visualization to promote students' learning

Janice D Gobert

Section B: Developing the skills of visualization 91

6. Teaching and learning with three-dimensional

representations 93

Mike Stieff, Robert Bateman, David Uttal

7. Modelling students becoming chemists: Developing

representational competence 121

Robert Kozma, Joel Russell

vi

8. Imagery in physics: From physicists' practice to naïve

students' learning 147

Galit Botzer, Miriam Reiner

9. Imagery in science learning in students and experts 169

John Clement, Aletta Zietsman, James Monaghan

Section C: Integrating visualization into curricula in the 185

sciences

10. Learning electromagnetism with visualization and

active learning 187

Yehudit Judy Dori, John Belcher

11. Teaching visualizing the science of genomics 217

Kathy Takayama

12. Models visualization in undergraduate geology courses 253

Stephen J Reynolds, Julia K Johnson, Michael D Piburn,

Debra E Leedy, Joshua A Coyan, Melanie M Busch

Section D: Assessing the development of visualization skills 267

13. Evaluating the educational value of molecular structure

representations 269

Vesna Ferk Savec, Margareta Vrtacnik, John K Gilbert

14. Assessing the learning from multi-media packages in

chemical education 299

Joel Russell, Robert Kozma

Endpiece: Future research and development on visualization

in science education 333

John K. Gilbert

About the Author 337

Index 343

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Editor and the Authors would like to thank Mrs. Helen Apted for her excellent work in meeting the diverse challenges of the template and pagination to bring this book together as a coherent whole.

Some authors have thanked specific sponsors. These statements are made at the end of the relevant chapters.

viiv

ix

COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 5 (figure on p. 85).

Chapter 5 (figure on p. 86).

x COLOUR SECTION

CHO

OHH

HHO

OHH

OHH

CH2OH

Fischer Projection Ball and Stick Model

Chapter 6 - Figure 1 (p. 95).

Chapter 6 - Figure 2 (p. 98).

COLOUR SECTION xi

Chapter 6 - Figure 3 (p. 99).

Chapter 6 - Figure 4 (p. 100).

xii COLOUR SECTION

R-alanine

Chapter 6 - Figure 5 (p. 102).

Chapter 6 - Figure 6 (p. 107).

Chapter 6 - Figure 7 (p.108).

COLOUR SECTION xiii

Chapter 6 - Figure 8 (p. 115).

xiv COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 11 - Figure 4 (p. 226).

COLOUR SECTION xv

Chapter 11 - Figure 5 (p. 228).

Chapter 11 - Figure 6 (p. 230).

xvi COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 11 - Figure 7 (p. 232).

Chapter 11 - Figure 8 (p. 236).

COLOUR SECTION xvii

Chapter 11 - Figure 9 (p. 238).

Chapter 11 - Figure 10 (p.240).

xviii COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 11 - Figure 11 (p. 241).

Chapter 11 - Figure 12 (p. 243).

COLOUR SECTION xix

Chapter 11 - Figure 13 (p. 244).

Chapter 11 - Figure 14 (p. 246).

xx COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 12 - Figure 1 (p. 254).

Chapter 12 - Figure 2 (p. 257).

COLOUR SECTION xxi

Chapter 12 - Figure 3 (p. 258).

Chapter 12 - Figure 4 (p. 259).

xxii COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 12 - Figure 5 (p. 260).

Chapter 12 - Figure 6 (p. 260).

COLOUR SECTION xxiii

Chapter 12 - Figure 7 (p. 261).

xxiv COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 12 - Figure 8 (p. 262).

COLOUR SECTION xxv

Chapter 12 - Figure 9 (p. 263).

xxvi COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 14 - Figure 1 (p. 301).

Chapter 14 - Figure 2 (p. 302).

COLOUR SECTION xxvii

Chapter 14 - Figure 3 (p. 305).

Chapter 14 - Figure 4 (p. 308).

xxviii COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 14 - Figure 5 (p. 311).

Chapter 14 - Figure 6 (p. 313).

COLOUR SECTION xxix

Chapter 14 - Figure 7 (p. 316).

Chapter 14 - Figure 8 (p. 316).

xxx COLOUR SECTION

Chapter 14 - Figure 9 (p. 318).

Chapter 14 - Figure 10 (p. 319).

Chapter 14 - Figure 11 (p. 320).

COLOUR SECTION xxxi

Chapter 14 - Figure 12 (p. 324).

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