vital statistics
Post on 06-Dec-2015
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RATE• Shows the relationship between a vital
event and those persons exposed to the occurrence of said event, within a given area and during a specified unit of time.• It is evident that the persons
experiencing the event (the numerator) must come from the total population exposed to the risk of same event (the denominator)
RATIO• It is used to describe the relationship
between 2 numerical quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations to time or place.
• These quantities need not necessarily represent the same entities, although the unit of measure must be the same for both numerator and denominator of the ratio
CRUDE OR GENERAL RATES
• These rates refer to the total living population. It must be presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of occurrence of the event
SPECIFIC RATE
• The relationship is for a specific population, class or group.• It limits the occurrence of the
event to that portion of the population definitely exposed to it
Crude Birth Rate
• A measure of one characteristic of the natural growth or increase of a population.
CBR = Total no. of livebirths registered in a given calendar X 1,000 Estimated population as of July 1 of the same year
CRUDE DEATH RATE
• A measure of one mortality from all causes which may result in decrease of population
CDR =Total no. of deaths registered in a given calendar year x 1,000
Midyear population in a given Calendar year
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
• Measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life. • It is a good index of the general
health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environmental and medical condition of a community
IMR= Total no. of deaths under 1 year of age registered in a given calendar year X 1,000
Total No. of registered live births of same Calendar year
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
• It measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy child and puerperium
• It is an index of the obstetrical care needed and received by the women in a community
MMR=Total no. of deaths from maternal causes registered for a given calendar year X1,000
Total no. of live births registered of same Calendar year
FETAL DEATH RATE•Measures pregnancy wastage.• Death of the product of
conception occurs prior to its complete expulsion irrespective of duration of pregnancy
NEONATAL DEATH RATE•Measures the risk of dying
during the 1st month of life•May serve as index of the
effects of prenatal care and obstetrical management on the newborn
NDR=No. of deaths under 28 days of age registered in a given calendar year X 1,000
Total no. of live births registered of the same Calendar year
SPECIFIC DEATH RATE
• Describe more accurately the risk of exposure of certain classes or groups to particular diseases.
• To understand the forces of mortality, the rates should be made specific provided the data are available for both the population and the event in their specifications.
• Specific rates render more comparable results and thus, reveal the problems of public health.
Deaths in a specific class or registered in a given calendar
year Specific Death Rate= --------------------------------------- X
1000 Estimated population as of
July 1 in same specified class or group of the said year
EXAMPLESno. of deaths in a specific cause registered in a given
Cause-Specific Death Rate= calendar year…………………..X 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 in same year
EXAMPLES
No of deaths in a particular age group registered in a
Age-Specific = given calendar year X 1000Death Rate Estimated Population
as of July 1st in same age group of the same year
EXAMPLES
No. of Deaths of a certain sex registered in a
Sex-Specific =given calendar year X 1000Death Rate Estimated population as of
INCIDENCE RATE (IR)
• Measures the frequency of occurrence of a phenomenon in a given period of time
• Deals only with new casesno. of new cases of a particular
disease registered IR = during a specific period of time x
1000Population at risk
PREVALENCE RATE (PR)
• Measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a particular disease at a particular time
• This can only be determined following a survey of the population concerned
• Deals with total (old and new) number of cases
No. of new and old cases of a certainPR = disease registered at a given time X 100
Total no. of person examined at same given year
ATTACK RATE (AR)
• A more accurate measure of the risk of exposure
• Useful in epidemiological investigationsNo. of persons acquiring a disease
AR = registered in a given year X 100No. of exposed in same disease in same year
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY (DEATH RATIOS)
• Shows the numerical relationship between deaths from a cause (or group of causes), age (or group of age) etc. and the total no. of deaths from all causes in all ages taken together
• Not a measure of risk of dying
No. of registered deaths from a PM = specific cause or age for a given year X 100
No. of registered deaths from all causes, all ages in same year
CASE FATALITY RECORD (CFR)
• INDEX OF THE KILLING POWER OF A DISEASE• IT IS INFLUENCED BY INCOMPLETE REPORTING
AND POOR MORBIDITY RATENo. of registered deaths from a
CFR =specific disease for a given year X 100No. of registered cases from samespecific disease in same year
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