warm up 1.what is the monomer for nucleic acids? 2.what is the function of a carbohydrate? 3.give...
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Warm Up1. What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
2. What is the function of a carbohydrate?
3. Give one function of a protein?
4. What is the name of the lipid molecule found in the cell membrane?
5. Lipids are afraid of water. What word describes this characteristic?
6. Carbon based compounds come from living organisms and are called ___________
Food Testing for Organic Compounds
• Iodine (Lugol’s): test for starches (Polysaccarides)– Positive test: will see a color change
• Biuret’s: test for proteins– Positive test: will see a color change
• Benedict’s: test for sugar (Mostly monosaccarides)– Positive test: will see a color change
• Brown Bag: test for lipids– Positive test: will see a translucent appearance on bag
*Catalyst*modification or speeding up of a chemical
reaction
A chemical reaction occurs when some starting material(s) are changed into some desired ending material(s)
Ex. You want to make JELLO--Starting materials (REACTANTS) Ending materials (PRODUCTS)
Water + Gelatin Powder + Heat JELLO
Chemical reactions need help to get started. An enzyme can be that helper! (I.e. the catalyst)
http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpghttp://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif
Let’s see what a chemical reaction looks like on a graph:
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
REACTANTSPRODUCTS
ACTIVATIONENERGY
Label your graph!
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Enzymes help chemical reactions happen faster by DECREASING the ACTIVATION ENERGY
How does the enzyme physically do this?
Key words:
• Substrate: the material that an enzyme attaches to (usually your REACTANT)
• Active site: the site on the enzyme where the substrate attaches
PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
SUBSTRATE (Reactants)
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
PRODUCTSENZYMEUnchanged& Reusable
ENZYME
Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gifArrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next
Active site: where substrate and enzyme bond
ENZYMES _____ like a _______________
to only _________of _________.
Enzymes are ___________ by thereaction and ___________
LOCK AND KEY
REUSABLEUNCHANGED
FIT
ONE KIND SUBSTRATE
http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg
*Lock & Key Model*
Warm Up
1. What are the starting materials in a chemical reaction called?
2. What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?
3. What do we call the area on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
4. What is the monomer for a lipid?
5. What does an enzyme do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction? Does this make the reaction happen faster or slower?
2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY
__________ & ______________
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to________ or _________
pH temperature
Break down DENATURE
http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg
pH • The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is
• 0 - 6.9 is an acid• 7 is neutral (water)• 7.1-14 is a base
Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________
Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html
_______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is ______________ for maintaining ____________________
HOMEOSTASIS
changes shapeACTIVE SITECAN’T BIND SUBSTRATE
IMPORTANTENZYME FUNCTION
Homeostasis= “balance”
All systems on earth want to maintain some form of homeostasis or balance.
Keeping pH and temperatures balanced allows enzymes to work best
EXAMPLES OF Homeostasis...
Many enzyme NAMES end in _____and the beginning of the name tells what it doesDNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA
-ASE
Warm Up1. What do most enzymes end in?
2. What is homeostasis?
3. What 2 things can cause an enzyme to get broken down?
4. What word describes what occurs if an enzyme gets too hot.
5. Identify whether the following substances would be considered an acid, base, or neutral:
pH=12, pH=3.2, pH=6.5, pH=7, pH=8
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