watershed management and resilience
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Watershed Management & Resilience
Nanette Salvador-AntequisaExecutive DirectorEcoWEB, Inc.
5
The Ecosystems and Riverbasin Approach
Pressure on the watershed: Pressure on the watershed: The Case of Mandulog, Iligan WatershedThe Case of Mandulog, Iligan Watershed
Why the River Basin Approach? Because flow of water from the top (head waters)
down to the lowlands and sea is along the river basin boundary & not along political boundaries
What is a River Basin?It is the largest unit of a watershed starting from the headwater down to the river mouth bordering the sea
What is a Watershed?Is a land area where water from rain is collected, stored and drained from a stream or river network to a common outlet (main stream or river)
Why prioritize Mandulog River Basin?
This was the area which rank the highest casualty in all of the basins traversing Iligan city during TS Sendong
Most of Iligan city is inside the Mandulog River Basin The downstream portion of the Mandulog River Basin
is heavily populated If left unmanaged, we expect growing magnitude of
flood for the following reasons: Narrow plains & steep relief Dominantly steep slopes Dwindling & misplaced forest cover
TYPHOON WASHI (SENDONG) – a TYPHOON WASHI (SENDONG) – a result of environmental degradation, result of environmental degradation, conflict & poor governance – conflict & poor governance – exacerbating povertyexacerbating poverty
The Logs and Uprooted Trees: shows The Logs and Uprooted Trees: shows the state Forest and watershed of the state Forest and watershed of IliganIligan
7 Km stretch of logs in the coast of Iligan after Typhoon Sendong
http://quovadisbayaws.blogspot.com/ Source: Indiwar Mamasapikir 12/19/11
Iligan City dominated by steep
relief
Iligan City Coast characterized by narrow coastal plains & valleys
What are we to do?
Master Planning Understand the socio-biophysical conditions of the basin w/c serve
as the basis for managing the basin towards sustainable development & disaster mitigation We will be using a Participatory 3-Dimensional Mapping Model
Integrate & harmonize different activities among different groups to come up with a unified goal for sustainable development & disaster mitigation
Organize a Council Because the basin include other upland LGUs This means we could not do master planning or worse properly
mitigating flood apart from their collaboration While flood structures may help in the short term but it will become obsolete
when there’s continuing degradation in the uplands
Develop a Flood Prediction Model & Software System
Establish a Payment for Environmental Services (PES) for sustained management of the basin
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Come up with a Flood model Conduct research The Model needs to be programmed into a
software Since disaster comes quickly, the flood prediction system
must be automated and fast if possible in a matter of seconds
The Project Noah platform could be used but it does not cover the whole framework; what we need is to interface and integrate the flood model into the Project Noah so that in one or few clicks the impacts and the solution to the impacts is made available
The software must have animation function for maximum visualization
The software must be user-friendly and web-based for wider utility and accessibility
It must be geo-coded to individual residents for it is friends & relatives that we want to know if they have been affected
Rainfall
Socio-Bio-Physical Conditions of the 6 (six)
Downstream River Basins
When Run-off is > River Capacity of the Main River
No
No Flooding
Demographic Impact
HealthImpactAbstraction Runoff
Yes ExtentDurationVolumeDebris
Flooding
EconomicImpact
Mitigation
SocialServicesImpact
Rehabilitation&
ReconstructionMedical &
Psychological Treatment
Rescue & Relief
Operation
Warning &
Avoidance
Depth
Siltation
Research Component of the Flood Prediction
Software Rainfall studies Infiltration & Runoff studies Streamflow studies Sedimentation & Siltation studies Disaster Impact studies Disaster Response & Reconstruction
studies Programming
Concept of PES To pay people or groups for adopting practices that will help
mitigate natural disaster This includes :
People or groups that protect and expand forest cover The River Basin Management Council
Source of Fund Part of water rates e.g. Php 1/cu.m./subscriber Real Property Tax CSR of Industries & quarry operators P.01/kwh from NPC 10% EXCISE TAX share REDD+
Monitoring mode GPS as DTR for Forest Guards Real time & spatial monitoring via UAV
PES and Green Governance
Way Forward to a Secured and
Sustainable Future
Naawan Municipality Experience
Small Agricultural TownLand Area - 8,717 has.
Population – 18,895
No. of Barangays – 10
Agricultural
4th Class municipality
Degraded Environment
Naawan Vulnerabilities to Disasters and Calamities
Below Desirable State of Local Development – CY 2012
Mix of Local Government Challenges
Below Desirable Level of Development
Degraded Environment
Vulnerability to Climate Change
and Disasters
Goals and Objectives Improve Ecosystem Services Reduce Poverty Adaptive and Resilient Communities
to Climate Change and Disasters
Identified Need To Be DoneGreen
Governance Ridge to Reef
Approach
Green GovernancePillar Programs
• Watershed Management
• Coastal Zone Management
• Green Governance Institutional Development
• Resource Mobilization– Payment for
Ecosystem Services
– Grants and Aid
Major Projects• Establishment of
Biodiversity Corridor
• Sustainable Agriculture and Agroforestry
• Ecological Solid Waste Management
• Coastal Resources Management
CHALLENGE
LIMITED LGU CAPACITY
Low Income and IRA Dependent LGU-Naawan
Locally Sourced Revenues to Total Income
Computation: (Amount of locally
sourced revenues/Total LGU Income) x 100
IRA dependency is slightly higher compared to municipalities of the same income class and national average
Locally Sourced Revenue Level Locally Sourced
Revenue Level Amount of Locally
Sourced RevenueHigher than the
average of 4th class municipalities but lower than the National Average
Desired Performance
LGU-Naawan PES SECTION 87. Development of Trust Fund for
Watershed and Reforestation. There shall be created a Trust Fund for Watershed and Reforestation Program of the municipality of Naawan to ensure sustainability of water supply. The accumulated fund generated from the One Peso per cubic meter (P1.00/cu.m) as “add on” to the water bill by the Naawan Water System Services Consumers as reflected in their monthly water tariff bill shall accrue to the said Trust Fund and shall be utilized for the said purpose.
Average yearly collection of P350,000.00 Household served – less than 2,000
Establish Partner’s and Networks
Tree Planting of more than 2 hectares
Attended by around 100 individuals
Planting of 1,500 assorted trees -Molave, Narra,
and Lawaan
Tips in PES – Naawan Water System Experience
Improve services FIRST – Water System Good Social Marketing - Anchor arguments on
Solid Ground and Communicate it Well TIMING - Impose new or additional fees and
charges on the first and second year of the term NOT on the 3RD year
Institutionalize and NOT “POLITICISE” PES - Make Offices as primarily accountable on PES Implementation and Management Not Politicians
Organize LGU PES Program Champion/s Make PES Program as CDP-ELA Pillar Program
Thank You!
“Nothing in the world is more flexible and yielding than water. Yet when it attacks the firm and the strong, none can withstand it, because they have no way to change it. So the flexible overcome the adamant, the yielding overcome the forceful. Everyone knows this, but no one can do it.”
Lao Tzu
Sources• Presentations to Mandulog Riverbasin Stakeholders
Consulation: MINDA; secretariat, ECOWEB, and other partners
• Naawan Municipality Presentation on Green Governance
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