week 13 chemistry nuclear chemistry. warm up: 4 minutes write the learning target you should be...
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Week 13 ChemistryNuclear Chemistry
Warm Up: 4 Minutes
In the atom, , how many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus?
Write the Learning Target
You should be working SILENTLY
Stay in your own seat
Agenda
Warm Up – 7 minutes Test Recap– 1 minutes Cornell Style Notes/ Examples – 15 minutes Guided Practice – 12 minutes Independent Practice -15 minutes Closing – 3 minutes
Test Scores
Period 1: 54%Period 3: 58%Period 4: 69%Period 5: 69%Period 6: 54%Period 7: 60%
This Week
Types of Nuclear
Radiation
Nuclear Equations
Fission and Fusion
Monday Tuesday Thursday
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Changes in matter originating in the nucleus of an atom.
Applications:Energy Nuclear EnergyLife The Sun is an example of nuclear chemistry at workMedicine X-rays, MRI
Jobs in Nuclear Chemistry
Energy research, production (Nuclear Engineer) Cancer Treatment (Oncologist) Medical Imaging (Radiologist) Radioactive Tracing (Medicine) Radioactive Dating (Geology)
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Let’s Review the Parts of a Chemical Symbol
X Massnumber
Atomicnumber
An alpha particle is identical to that of a helium nucleus.
It contains two protons and two neutrons.
Alpha Radiation
Ra226
88
Rn222
86
α4
2
Alpha Radiation
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
A beta particle is a fast moving electron which is emitted from the nucleus of an atom undergoing radioactive decay.
Beta decay occurs when a neutron changes into a proton and an electron.
Beta Radiation
Po218
84
b0
-1
At218
85
Beta Radiation
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy Light
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy Light No Mass
Let’s look at Penetration Power
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy Light No Mass
Penetration Power
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy Light No Mass
Penetration Power
Low
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy Light No Mass
Penetration Power
Low Medium
Alpha Beta Gamma
Symbol
Charge +2 -1 0
Relative Mass
Heavy Light No Mass
Penetration Power
Low Medium High
Check point
Which type of nuclear radiation has a negative charge?
Beta
Check point
Which type of nuclear radiation produces the most massive particle?
Alpha
Check point
Which type of nuclear radiation has the highest penetrating power?
Gamma
Guided Practice
Mr. Ghosh: Project a multiple question
Student will:
1. SILENTLY read the question to your self and pick an answer [19 seconds]
2. Take 42 seconds to speak with your shoulder partner to chose the correct answer and discuss why it is the correct answer. [42 seconds]
3. When Mr. Ghosh says “SWAG” all students should be SILENT
#1
Which of the following statements accurately describes beta particles in terms of charge and mass?
A. Beta particles are positively charged and less massive than alpha particles.
B. Beta particles are negatively charged and less massive than alpha particles.
C. Beta particles are positively charged and more massive than alpha particles.
D. Beta particles are negatively charged and more massive than alpha particles.
#2
Which of the following statements describes an alpha particle?
A. An alpha particle has no mass.
B. An alpha particle has a negative charge.
C. An alpha particle has low penetrating power
D. An alpha particle has a symbol of
#3
The three main types of nuclear radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma. Which of the following lists these types of radiation from lowest penetrating power to highest penetrating power?
A. Alpha, beta, gamma
B. Beta, gamma, alpha
C. Beta, alpha, gamma
D. Gamma, alpha, beta
#4
Which of the following best describes alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays?
A. Beta particles are negatively charged and are easy to stop
B. Alpha particles have no charge and are easy to stop
C. Gamma rays are positively charged and are hard to stop
D. Alpha particles are positively charged and are easy to stop
Independent Practice
Practice Makes Perfect
85%
Closing
What are the three types of nuclear radiation?
Which one is the most powerful?
Warm Up: 4 Minutes
Type of Nuclear Radiation
Symbol [Include Mass # & Atomic #]
Gamma
Alpha
Beta
Write the Learning Target
You should be working SILENTLY
Stay in your own seat
Warm Up: 4 Minutes
Type of Nuclear Radiation
Symbol [Include Mass # & Atomic #]
Gamma
Alpha
Beta
Warm Up: 4 Minutes
Type of Nuclear Radiation
Symbol [Include Mass # & Atomic #]
Gamma
Alpha or
Beta
Warm Up: 4 Minutes
Type of Nuclear Radiation
Symbol [Include Mass # & Atomic #]
Gamma
Alpha or
Beta β
Agenda
Warm Up: 7 Minutes Cornell Style Notes and Examples: 15
Minutes Guided Practice: 13 Minutes Independent Practice: 15 Minutes Closing: 3 Minutes
Announcement
We have had complaints from the Janitors about the trash being left in the desks.
Before you leave each day, I will check EVERY SINGLE DESK for trash.
NOBODY WILL LEAVE UNTIL ALL TRASH IS CLEANED UP
This Week
Types of Nuclear
Radiation
Nuclear Equations
Fission and Fusion
Monday Tuesday Thursday
Take out paper for notes
BLUE RED
Nuclear reactions
A change in the identity or characteristics of an atomic nucleus
Results due to an energetic particle, as in fission, fusion,
or radioactive decay.
Let’s Review the Parts of a Chemical Symbol
X Massnumber
Atomicnumber
How to Compose Chemical Symbols
Begin with Element symbol Put mass number on top Find atomic number of element on periodic table, put
it on the bottom
Example: Compose the Chemical Symbol for Polonium-212
Po212
84
Requirements of a nuclear reaction
Sum of the mass numbers is the same on both sides of the equation.
Sum of the atomic numbers is the same on both sides of the equation.
XA
ZY
A - 4
Z - 2+ He
4
2
Ra226
88Rn
222
86+ He
4
2
Alpha Decay Nuclear Reactions
XA
ZY
A
Z + 1+
0
-1
Po218
84Rn
218
85+
0
-1
Beta Decay Nuclear Reactions
Th230
90Ra
226
88 + He4
2
Th234
90Pa
234
91+
0
-1
Gamma Radiation Nuclear Reactions
+
+
Example: Complete the nuclear equation
𝑃𝑜→𝑃𝑏 +¿82206 ¿84
210 ¿ ¿
Example: Complete the nuclear equation
𝑁𝑝 →¿93239 + 𝛽−1
0 ¿
Example: Complete the nuclear equation
_______ Ni + +
Check point
What is true of the sum of the mass numbers on both sides of the equation?
They are equal
Check point
What is true of the sum of the atomic numbers on both sides of the equation?
They are equal
Guided Practice
Teacher:
1. Will show the problem on the board Students:
1. Take 31 seconds to read the question SILENTLY and compose an answer.
2. Take 63 seconds to speak with your shoulder partner to solve the problem and discuss how to do it
3. When Mr. Ghosh says “SWAG” all students should be SILENT
Complete the following nuclear equation
+ + ____
Complete the following nuclear equation
𝑅𝑛 →¿86222 + 𝐻𝑒2
4 ¿
Polonium-212 decays directly to Lead-208. What type of particle must be emitted during this radioactive decay?
Thorium-228 decays to Polonium-216 through a series of alpha decays. How many alpha particles are emitted in this decay series?
Independent Practice
Practice Makes Perfect
85%
Closing
All Students Stand UP
Push Stools Under Desk
Clean ALL trash from your area
Warm Up: 4 Minutes
Complete the following nuclear reactions by filling in the blank:
n01 + Pu→¿+ La+ n0
1 + n01
57144
94239
C613 + He2
4 → ______+ n01
Agenda
Warm Up: 7 Minutes Cornell Style Notes and Examples: 13
Minutes Guided Practice: 15 Minutes Independent Practice: 15 Minutes Closing: 3 Minutes
This Week
Types of Nuclear
Radiation
Nuclear Equations
Fission and Fusion
Monday Tuesday Thursday
Take out paper for notes
BLUE RED
Fission reaction
Did you know that?
Fission of 1 GRAM of Uranium…
Releases enough energy to run a light bulb for 20 YEARS
Fission reaction
Breaking apart of a nucleus into smaller fragment
Neutrons emitted cause other (chain) reactions
+ + +
Question…
Is there a more efficient way to write:
+ +
What is another way to write 2 + 2 + 2?
3 x 2or
3(2)
Using your knowledge from the previous example, how would you write:
+ +
3 n01
Fusion reactions
Did you know that?
The sun is a giant nuclear fusion power source
Fusion Reaction
Combining of nuclei to form a nucleus with a greater mass
Releases tremendous amount of energy (more than fission)
4 +2 + energy
Check point
Which type of reaction causes a heavy nucleus to break into lighter nuclei once it is bombarded by a neutron?
Fission Reaction
Check point
Both fusion and fission reaction produce neutrons, . Which reaction utilizes the neutrons to trigger another set of nuclear reactions ?
Fission Reaction
Check point
What type of reaction is listed below? Why?
+ + 4 + +
Fission Reaction
Check point
What do both types of reaction release?
Energy
Guided Practice
Teacher:
1. Will show the problem on the board Students:
1. Take 31 seconds to read the question SILENTLY and compose an answer.
2. Take 53 seconds to speak with your shoulder partner to solve the problem and discuss how to do it
3. When Mr. Ghosh says “SWAG” all students should be SILENT
#1
Which of the following equations shows a fusion reaction?
#2
Which of the following equations shows a fission reaction?
#3
Which of the following best describes a common feature of nuclear fission and fusion reactions?
A. Nuclei split during fission and fusion
B. Fission and fusion both form heavier elements
C. Fission and fusion both generate energy
D. Nuclei gain electrons during fission and fusion
#4
Which of the following statements applies to a nuclear fusion reaction?
A. Nuclear fusion reactions have no commercial applications
B. The reaction takes place when a nucleus is bombarded with neutrons
C. The reaction releases large amounts of energy when nuclei are brought together
D. A chain reaction is involved
Independent Practice
Practice Makes Perfect
85%
Closing
What are the two types of nuclear reactions?
How are the same?
How are they different?
Warm Up: 3 Minutes Write the Learning Target
You should be working SILENTLY
Stay in your own seat
Classify the following elements as either a metal or a nonmetal:
Carbon Aluminum Vanadium Oxygen Iodine
Check Your Answers!!!
• Carbon -Nonmetal• Aluminum -Metal• Vanadium- Metal • Oxygen-Nonmetal• Iodine-Nonmetal
Agenda
Warm Up: 7 Minutes Cornell Notes and Examples: 15 Minutes Guided Practice: 12 Minutes Independent Practice: 10 Minutes Closing: 1 Minutes
Metal or Nonmetal?
Two or more elements that are bonded together by the interaction of their valence electrons in order to achieve their octet rule
What is a Compound?
Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds
PF3 NaCl Al2S3
CaS CO2 H2O
N2 NO2 Br2
Covalent
Compound
Two or more nonmetals bonded together
COVALENT Bond: SHARES valence electrons.
Examples: N2 or CO2
What is a Covalent Compound?
Check point
Is this a covalent compound?
C6H12O6
YES
Check point
Is this a covalent compound?
KBr
NO
Covalent
2 or More Nonmetals
Ionic
Compound
What is an Ionic Compound?
Positive (cations) and negative ions (anions) that are bonded together
IONIC bond:TRANSFERS valence electrons from one ion to the other
Examples: NaCl and K2SO4
Covalent
2 or More Nonmetals
Ionic
Cation
Compound
What is a Cation?
Any atom or GROUP OF ATOMS with a positive charge.
Examples: Metals (Na+1 , Ag+2 ) or NH4 +1
Covalent
2 or More Nonmetals
Ionic
Cation Anion
Compound
Positive
What is an Anion?
Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
Examples: Nonmetals (F-1 , O-2 )
Polyatomic Ions (NO3 -1 , SO4 -2 )
Covalent
2 or More Nonmetals
Ionic
Cation Anion
Compound
Positive Negative
What is a Polyatomic Ion ?
Any group of atoms that acts as a single unit in chemical bonding
Examples: Anions (NO3
-1 , PO4 -3 )
Cations (NH4 +1)
List of Polyatomic Ions Ammonium, NH4
+1
Acetate: C2H3O2 -1
Nitrite: NO2-1
Nitrate: NO3-1
Cyanide: CN-1 Hydroxide: OH-1 Permanganate: MnO4
-
1
Hypochlorite: ClO-1
Chlorite: ClO2-1
Chlorate: ClO3-1
Perchlorate : ClO4-1
Oxalate: C2O4 -2
Sulfite: SO3 -2
Sulfate: SO4-2
Carbonate: CO3-2
Chromate: CrO4-2
Phosphate: PO4-3
Check point
Is this an Ionic or a Covalent compound?
H2
COVALENT
Check point
Is this an Ionic or a Covalent compound?
Na2SO4
IONIC
Recap
Does the compound have a metal?
IONIC
No Metals?
COVALENT
Guided Practice Teacher:
1. Will show the problem on the board Students:
1. Take 38 seconds to look at the set of compounds SILENTLY and compose your answer.
2. Take 57 seconds to speak with your shoulder partner to solve the problem and discuss how to do it
3. When Mr. Ghosh says “SWAG” all students should be SILENT
Set 1
Compound Ionic or Covalent
NaFCO
KNO3
Compound Ionic or Covalent
NaF IonicCO
KNO3
Set 1
Compound Ionic or Covalent
NaF IonicCO Covalent
KNO3
Set 1
Compound Ionic or Covalent
NaF IonicCO Covalent
KNO3 Ionic
Set 1
Compound Ionic or Covalent
N2O
P2O5
K2SO4
Set 2
Compound Ionic or Covalent
N2O Covalent
P2O5
K2SO4
Set 2
Compound Ionic or Covalent
N2O Covalent
P2O5 Covalent
K2SO4
Set 2
Compound Ionic or Covalent
N2O Covalent
P2O5 Covalent
K2SO4 Ionic
Set 2
Compound Ionic or Covalent
SO2
Se2O5
MgCl2
Set 3
Compound Ionic or Covalent
SO2 Covalent
Se2O5
MgCl2
Set 3
Compound Ionic or Covalent
SO2 Covalent
Se2O5 Covalent
MgCl2
Set 3
Compound Ionic or Covalent
SO2 Covalent
Se2O5 Covalent
MgCl2 Ionic
Set 3
Independent Practice
Practice Makes Perfect
85%
Closing
What was the purpose in learning to distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds?
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