welcome to biol 178 principles of biology
Post on 10-Jan-2016
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Welcome toBiol 178Principles of BiologyCourse goalsCourse informationTextGradingSyllabusLabChapter Organization
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Chapter OrganizationConcept OutlineTextConcept ReviewTest Your UnderstandingTest Your Visual Understanding
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Lecture OutlineDefinition of LifeProperties of LifeHierarchical OrganizationUnifying Themes of ScienceScientific Method
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What is Biology?Study of life
Search for order in the natural world
Discovery of new relationships
Learn working rules that allow life to exist
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Properties of LifeCellular organizationOrderSensitivityGrowth, development, and reproductionGenetic system DNAEnergy utilizationEvolutionary adaptationHomeostasis
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Hierarchical Organization of LifePopulation LevelOrganism LevelCell Level
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LifeLevels of OrganizationPopulationsAmong OrganismsBiosphereEcosystemCommunityPopulation
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LifeLevels of OrganizationWithin OrganismsOrgan systemsOrgansTissuesCells
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LifeLevels of OrganizationWithin CellsOrganellesMacromoleculesMolecules & Atoms
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LifeLevels of OrganizationAmong organismsWithin OrganismsWithin Cells
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Consequences of Hierarchical organization Emergent propertiesNew properties arise at each higher levelMake life difficult to define
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Unifying Themes of Science1. Cell theoryAll living organisms are made of cells, and all living cells come from other living cells.
2. Molecular basis of inheritanceDNA encodes genes Genes make-up & control living organisms.
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Unifying Themes of Science3. Evolutionary changeLife-forms have evolved varying characteristics to adapt to varied environments.
4. Evolutionary conservationSome characteristics of earlier organisms are preserved and passed on to future generations.
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Summary: Unifying Themes of Science1. Cell theory2. Molecular basis of inheritance3. Evolutionary change4. Evolutionary conservation
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Scientific Inquiry How is Science Done?Discovery ScienceObservingMeasuring
Hypothesis-based ScienceScientific MethodProposing & Testing hypothesesInductive & deductive logic
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ReasoningDeductive reasoningApply general principles to predict specific results
Inductive reasoningUse specific observations to construct general principles
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How Science Is Done1. Observation: Begins science2. Hypothesis: accounts for observationsEducated guessInductive Reasoning Generalization3. Prediction: Allows test of hypothesis validityDeductive Reasoning specific outcome4. Experiment: Tests hypothesis validity5. Controlled experiment:One variableControl
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How Science Is Done
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Limitations of ScienceHypothesis can NOT be proven true
Truth TableHypothesisPredictionTrue TrueFalse False or True
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Limitations of ScienceScience does not prove hypotheses are true.
Science proves that some hypotheses are not true.
Hypotheses not proven false are conditionally accepted.
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Hypotheses, Theories & LawsHypothesis a tentative explanation.
Scientific TheoryAccepted explanation.Supported by experimental evidence.Solid ground of science.A well-supported hypothesis.
Scientific LawScientific knowledge accepted as true.An extremely well-supported hypothesis.
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END
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