welcome: wel action learning webinar 1
Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Welcome: WEL Action Learning Webinar 1
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Who is who in today’s webinar?
Thalia Kidder Jing Pura Felipe Ramiro Jr.
Cailin CrockettThomas Tichar Dominic Ramirez
Welcome, everyone!
Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM): WOMEN’S ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP ACTION LEARNING
Webinar # 1
1. Our Action Learning – principles & process2. Ideas to agree – households, women’s agency3. Philippines Action Learning – an example4. Learning task – the headlines5. Azerbaijan Meeting July 1-7
Agenda for today’s webinar
Section 2: Ideas to agree a) Why households?b) What are households?c) Households & the economy, gendered household
analysis[Your Questions!]d) Households – negotiating power, women’s agencye) What changes in households with a new market
opportunity (enterprise)?[Your Questions!]
Agenda for today’s webinar (2)
1. Action Learning Principles Principles• Adults learn best in real processes• Learning exercises to improve program design
– When we ask new & different questions in ‘the field’…
– We gather new & different evidence …. – New evidence leads to new options, clarify
trade-offs (no perfect solutions)– Better choices about investments and
strategies• Field visits in multi-disciplinary teams allow us to
experience– Surprising, useful questions that people with
‘other’ expertise ask– Differing insights and perspectives– Higher quality strategies from debating
options & trade offs
An Overview of an Action Learning Process
The proposed process• Agree on concepts through
webinars• Several countries’ teams do the
same exercise to gather evidence• Present the findings visually• In workshop, give each other
constructive feedback…• Field visits provide good learning
for us and the host country
Why this Topic: Household and Women’s Agency
• Cambodia 2010: learning task to identify and prioritize barriers for women.
• Recent surveys of WEL programs: women do benefit from WEL/ GEM methodology-design of enterprise and markets programs
• Findings also show room to improve: to address dynamics of household-level gender relations
• Common challenge in implementation: dynamics between men and women in households… how to promote women’s agency?
Action Learning on WEL: May-July
• (Ask new questions)• Document (make visible) the current work of women & men in
households, gender roles, decision-making and women’s agency in different spaces of negotiation (new evidence)
• Document – in this context, what factors enable women’s agency, especially in households (new options)
In Azerbaijan• Design a new component(s) of our enterprise and markets programme
to promote women’s agency, especially at the household level (debate, make choices)
Section 2: Ideas to agree
What is considered a ‘household’?
• Not uniform … within or between countries-- Nuclear-- Extended (3+ generations)-- Several related families living on same landholding
• Thus, ‘women’ also not homogeneous … very different in terms of status and women’s agency within households
Why look at households in a market program?
• Impact: do women and families benefit from market development and market changes?-- Power relations influence who benefits; distribution of benefits depend on person’s age, status, influence within and definitely, gender
• Influence: gender roles and women’s agency within households lead to women & men’s different roles in product markets, market services
• Ensure sustainability of change: beyond women earning income; women’s economic leadership requires control over income, assets, decision-making and time
The household and the economy
SOURCES OF HOUSEHOLD (MATERIAL)
WELFARE
NATURAL RESOURCES
Household REPRODUCTIVE
or CARING WORK
SOCIAL NETWORKS(community work, barter)
STATE (education,
health, social security)
CASH MARKET
Household PRODUCTIVE
WORK/SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
• Many economic activities happen in households, rendered especially by women.
• Goods and services for household’s material welfare derived from many parts of the economy, not only cash market.
New opportunity
‘Household’ in gendered market analysis
Resources, assets,time & labor
Attitudes, beliefs, norms about gender roles
The Household
Unpaid productive work
Risks
Unpaid caring work
Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets
‘Household’ in gendered market analysis
Resources, assets, time &
labor
Attitudes, beliefs & norms
The Household Unpaid
productive work
Unpaid caring work
Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets
= Reproductive work Part of local economy Provides what workforce needs
to function But UNPAID, UNDERVALUED! Caring work between men and
women unequal
‘Household’ in gendered market analysis
Resources, assets, time &
labor
Attitudes, beliefs & norms
The Household Unpaid productive
work
Unpaid caring work
Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets
All agricultural work from seed propagation to selling.
Farm roles and tasks are also gendered, with women taking on substantive productive work, leading to time poverty.
Women also do non-market, subsistence work.
‘Household’ in gendered market analysis
Resources, assets, time &
labor
Attitudes, beliefs & norms on gendered
roles
The Household Unpaid
productive work
Unpaid caring work
Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets
Women’s ‘natural’ abilities and roles: assume responsibility over family, risks, unexpected costs
Gendered norms reinforced by families, schools, religion, law, media.
‘Household’ in gendered market analysis
Resources, assets, time &
laborAttitudes, beliefs & norms
The Household Unpaid
productive work
Unpaid caring work
Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets
Examples: land, skills, credit, natural resources and most critically, TIME and LABOUR in household.
Women’s and men’s control over resources are different.
Participatory Exercise
Which information is useful in examining household as a site for unpaid caring work?(a) ‘Char’ lands get flooded for 6 months in a year. Households diversify,
planting mainly maize, jute and chilli in their own or sharecropped lands and engaging in cow-rearing.
(b) Households earn the most from chilli farming. Women are predominantly in seed sorting, soaking and cleaning, weeding, harvesting and pre-processing (sorting and grading).
(c) Marketing is exclusive to men because women are restricted on account of their religion from going outside their community.
(d) Women start their day early and within the day cook, do laundry, feed their children and take care of needs of the elderly – even if they become sick.
Ideas about Household Economy and Negotiating Power
“Black box” - inputs & outcomes assumed of equal benefit for all
Cooperation and Conflict:
• Use of resources and benefits for each member are determined by her/his relative negotiating power
- -
(Relative) Negotiating Powersome influential factors...
Assets - “break down
position”
Present and Future Income
potential
Perception of your contribution
to the household economy:
Self perception and others’ perception
Knowledge, skills“power to”
New beliefs…Challenging
patriarchal norms
Self-confidenceTIME to think, consult, train,
explore…
Relative Negotiating Power and Women’s Agency
• Most women need increased negotiating power relative to men.
• Women’s agency: also determined by – Education, health status, organisation,
communications technology…– State repression, insecurity, politics, disasters,
laws, monopoly companies…• Both men & women may have little agency
(smallholders’ power in markets!)
Concept of human (women’s) agency
• Agency: women feeling (a growing) autonomy and control over what they can do. (Garcia-Dungo)
-- Human capacity for autonomy and self-determination –-- Human agency and social structures are interactive. Repetition of acts referred to as practices reproduce social structures. (Giddens)
• Women challenging patriarchal traditions… more than awareness… regularly negotiating, exercising power. Repeated negotiations lead to changes in gender relations in the household.
• Power: power within, power to, power with (power over)
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