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RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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ASSESSMENT OF ASSESSMENT OF NAVIGATION NAVIGATION
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RNAVRNAV
Presented by G. Richards
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Presentation Overview
Requirements Requirements Infrastructure evolution Infrastructure evolution Associated IssuesAssociated Issues
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Infrastructure to Provide Area Navigation
• Ground based - NDB, VOR, DME• Space based - GNSS, GBAS, SBAS• Airborne systems - IRS/INS, RNAV, FMS• Navigation Databases • Spectrum
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Requirements for RNAV• RNAV performance: accuracy, integrity,
availability, continuity dictated by airspace requirements
• RNAV performance depends upon infrastructure capability and/or airborne implementation
• ground/ space infrastructure capability to be established and upgraded if necessary
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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TGL RequirementsSuitable InfrastructureSuitable Infrastructure
TGL 2 B-RNAVTGL 2 B-RNAV TGL10 P-RNAVTGL10 P-RNAV VOR/DMEVOR/DME VOR/DME * VOR/DME * DME/DME DME/DME DME/DME DME/DME Loran C*Loran C* INS*/IRS INS*/IRS INS/IRS INS/IRS GPS* GPS* GNSS (ABAS)* GNSS (ABAS)*
* operational limitations VOR, DME and NDB required to ensure reversionary
capability
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Operational Requirements navigation infrastructure monitoring navigation infrastructure monitoring multi-sensor RNAV systems (>1 source) multi-sensor RNAV systems (>1 source) reversionary capability until 2010 (VOR, DME, reversionary capability until 2010 (VOR, DME,
NDB) NDB) equipment conformance to RNAV MASPS after equipment conformance to RNAV MASPS after
2010 2010 identification of critical navigation aids identification of critical navigation aids obstacle clearance assessment based upon obstacle clearance assessment based upon
the infrastructure giving the worst case the infrastructure giving the worst case performance performance
database integrity checked pre-flight database integrity checked pre-flight
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Nav Data Requirements
all co-ordinates shall be published in the all co-ordinates shall be published in the WGS-84 reference system WGS-84 reference system
data quality (content, integrity, timeliness, data quality (content, integrity, timeliness, consistency) maintained from survey consistency) maintained from survey through to end-user through to end-user
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Strategic Requirements““a judicious deployment of space based a judicious deployment of space based infrastructure and rationalisation of ground infrastructure and rationalisation of ground infrastructure” infrastructure”
cost effective, customer oriented evolutioncost effective, customer oriented evolution results in cost savings to Service results in cost savings to Service
Providers, which may be translated in Providers, which may be translated in lower route charges to Operators lower route charges to Operators
avionics equipage costs should be avionics equipage costs should be minimisedminimised
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Current Infrastructure DME DME 1021 facilities 1021 facilities TACAN TACAN 180 (published in AIPs) 180 (published in AIPs)VOR VOR 663 facilities 663 facilitiesNDB NDB 806 facilities 806 facilitiesGPS GPS 28 satellites 28 satellites
support en-route, TMA and NPA operations support en-route, TMA and NPA operations suitable coverage to support B-RNAV and P-suitable coverage to support B-RNAV and P-RNAV down to FL95 RNAV down to FL95 limited coverage below FL95 limited coverage below FL95 VOR and DME primary input for majority of VOR and DME primary input for majority of RNAV/FMS RNAV/FMS
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Navigation Infrastructure Navigation Infrastructure EvolutionEvolution
201020052000 2015
DMEDME
GPSGPS
SBASSBAS
GBASGBAS
NDBNDB VORVOR
GALILEOGALILEO
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Navigation Strategy Navigation Strategy Targets circa 2015Targets circa 2015
En-route TMAOn board Performance
Multisensor Options
RNP 1 RNAV
RNP x RNAV
DMEGNSS
INS/IRS
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VOR&DME Issues coverage - line of sight; limited to DOC - coverage - line of sight; limited to DOC -
significant at lower FLssignificant at lower FLs DME/DME performance dependant on DME/DME performance dependant on
geometry (subtended angle) geometry (subtended angle) limited DME transponder capacity (may limited DME transponder capacity (may
become significant in TMA) become significant in TMA) high costs of VOR facilities high costs of VOR facilities rationalisation - Demeter tool rationalisation - Demeter tool
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GNSS Issues Coverage Coverage terrain shielding - may become significant at terrain shielding - may become significant at
lower FLslower FLs Potential GNSS outagePotential GNSS outage availability and integrity - AAIM & RAIM - availability and integrity - AAIM & RAIM -
preflight checked preflight checked AUGUR tool (internet based)AUGUR tool (internet based)
GBAS and SBAS infrastructureGBAS and SBAS infrastructure
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Electronic FormatElectronic Format Transfer to a Common FormatTransfer to a Common Format
IdentifiersIdentifiers Resolution of InconsistenciesResolution of Inconsistencies
TraceabilityTraceability CRCs/Headers/CompletenessCRCs/Headers/Completeness
AIP FormatsAIP Formats Old to NewOld to New
ConsistencyConsistency Resolution/Accuracy/MultiplesResolution/Accuracy/Multiples
WGS84 ComplianceWGS84 Compliance Use of * for Non-ComplianceUse of * for Non-Compliance
Data Issues ICAO SARPS Annex 15 integrity requirements ICAO SARPS Annex 15 integrity requirements for aeronautical co-ordinate data are not met.for aeronautical co-ordinate data are not met.
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Spectrum Issues threats from other industries e.g. telecoms threats from other industries e.g. telecoms
and from competing aviation systems e.g. and from competing aviation systems e.g. DME vs. GNSSDME vs. GNSS
regulatory system - commercially driven, regulatory system - commercially driven, aviation not suitably represented aviation not suitably represented
limitations on current and new navigation limitations on current and new navigation frequencies frequencies
aviation plans unreliable and incoherentaviation plans unreliable and incoherente.g. ILS/VOR vs. FM Broadcast e.g. ILS/VOR vs. FM Broadcast
RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Summary RequirementsRequirementsInfrastructure evolution Infrastructure evolution Evolution: Evolution:
rationalisationrationalisation
GNSS developmentGNSS development
High integrity databaseHigh integrity database
New frequenciesNew frequencies Avionics for RNAVAvionics for RNAV
Stakeholder’s commitment
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