what are the names of some of the muscles in the body?...antagonist •the muscle that is relaxing...

What are the names of some of the muscles in the body?

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Parts of a skeletal muscle

• Origin : the attachment site on the stationary bone.

• Insertion : the attachment site on the moving bone.

• Belly : the fleshy portion between the origin and insertion.

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Where is the origin of the calf? Insertion? Belly?

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When you do a biceps curl, what muscles are used?

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Group Action

• Movement usually requires several muscles working together.

• Also, most muscles are arranged in opposite pairs at a joint. – Ex. flexors - extensors, – and abductors - adductors

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Agonist

• The muscle that produces the desired movement.– Ex. Biceps Brachii is the agonist of elbow

flexion.

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Antagonist

• The muscle that is relaxing as the agonist contracts.– The triceps brachii is the antagonist of the

biceps brachii.

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Synergists

• A muscle that assists the agonist (prime mover) and help stabilize the joint being moved.

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Fixators

• Muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover so the prime mover can work more efficiently.– Ex: shoulder muscles during a bicep curl

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Review

• What is an agonist and antagonist of elbow extension?

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Vocab sheets

• Agonist

• Antagonist

• Synergist

• Fixator

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Warm up

• What is an example of an agonist for elbow flexion?

• What is an antagonist to elbow flexion?• Where approximately is the origin of the

biceps brachii muscle?

How do anatomists name muscles?

Naming muscles

• Many of the muscles of the body are named on their appearance, where it is located or what it does.

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Direction of muscle fibers

• Names are based on the direction of the muscle fibers relative to the midline of the body.

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Rectus

• means the fibers run parallel to the midline

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Transverse

• means the fibers run perpendicular to the midline

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Oblique

• means the fibers run diagonally to the midline.

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Location

• named after a structure the muscle is found near

• Ex: The tibialis anterior is found anterior to the tibia.

• Ex: The Frontalis is near the frontal bone• Ex: Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) runs from

the sternum and clavicle up to the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

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Size

• Relative to other muscles in that group

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Maximus

• Largest

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Minimus

• Smallest

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Longus

• means the longest

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Brevis

• means short

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Number of origins

• Number of tendons of origin

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Biceps

• Means two origins

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Triceps

• Means three origins

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Quad

• four

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Shape

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Deltoid

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Trapezius

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Serratus

• Saw toothed

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Rhomboid

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Action

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Flexor

• Decrease in the angle

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Extensor

• Increase in the angle

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Abductor

• Away from the midline of the body

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Adductor

• Toward the midline of the body

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levator

• elevates

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depressor

• lowers

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supinator

• Rotates upward

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pronator

• Rotate downward

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tensor

• Increase tension

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rotator

• rotate

Muscles of the Upper Extremities

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Biceps brachii

• Origin: 1) above the glenoid fossa of the scapula. 2) coracoid process of the scapula.

• Insertion: Proximal radius

• Action: elbow flexion & forearm supination; flexes arm at shoulder.

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Brachialis• Origin: lower anterior

humerus• Insertion: proximal ulna• Action: elbow flexion

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Brachioradialis

• Origin: lateral distal humerus

• Insertion: lateral distal radius

• Action: elbow flexion

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Triceps brachii• Origin: 1) scapula

below the glenoid fossa 2) Posterior humerus (2 sites)

• Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

• Action: elbow extension

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Supinator

• Origin: humerus and posterior ulna

• Insertion: proximal anterior radius

• Action: supination of the forearm

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Review (1/2 Sheet)

• What muscles produce – elbow flexion– Elbow extension– Supination• What muscle have attachments on the:– Humerus– Scapula– Radius– Ulna

Muscles of the Lower Extremity

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Gluteus maximus

• Origin: sacrum, coccyx and hip

• Insertion: lateral proximal femur (gluteal tuberosity)

• Action: extension, lateral rotation and abduction of the hip

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Hamstring muscles

• Semimembranosus (medial)

• Semitendinosus• Bicep Femoris

(lateral)

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Semimembranosus

• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: posterior, medial tibia (just below knee joint)

• Action: flex knee and extends hip

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Semitendinosus

• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: medial proximal tibia (pez anserine)

• Action: flex knee and extends hip

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Bicep Femoris

• Origin: ischial tuberosity and femur

• Insertion: head of the fibula

• Action: flex knee and extends hip

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½ Sheet Review

•What is similar about all 3 hamstring muscles?

•Which is the most medial hamstring muscle?

•Which is the most lateral hamstring muscle?

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Warm up

• What muscles make up the hamstrings?• What 2 muscles produce supination of

the forearm?• What is the origin and insertion of the

semimembranosus?

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Anterior thigh muscles

• Rectus femoris• Vastus lateralis• Vastus intermedius• Vastus medialis

• Quadriceps femoris

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Rectus Femoris

• Origin: hip bone(AIIS)• Insertion: patella and

tibial tuberosity• Action: knee extension

and hip flexion

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Vastus lateralis

• Origin: femur• Insertion: patella and

tibial tuberosity• Action: knee extension

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Vastus intermedius

• Origin: femur• Insertion: patella and

tibial tuberosity• Action: knee extension

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Vastus medialis

• Origin: femur• Insertion: patella and

tibial tuberosity• Action: knee extension

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Review

• Which of the anterior thigh muscles can produce motion at the hip?

• Why do the other three not have this ability?

• What is similar about all of the anterior thigh muscles?

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muscles of the leg

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Gastrocnemius

• Origin: femur• Insertion: calcaneus• Action: Ankle

plantarflexion and knee flexion

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Tibialis Anterior

• Origin: tibia• Insertion: 1st

metatarsal and a tarsal bone(cuneiform)

• Action: dorsiflexion

Warm up

• What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?

• What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

• What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

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On a loose leaf sheet of paper list the muscles in the following

areas• Anterior arm (humerus)• Posterior arm• anterior thigh (femur)• Posterior thigh

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Next list muscles that do the following actions

• elbow flexion• elbow extension• forearm supination• hip extension• hip flexion• knee extension• knee flexion• plantar flexion• dorsiflexion 13

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Muscles of the head and face

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• How many muscles are in the face?

About 40

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Orbicularis oculi

• Origin: orbit• Insertion: orbit• Action: close eye

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Orbicularis oris

• Origin: muscles around the mouth

• Insertion: skin at the corner of the mouth

• Action: closes and protrudes the lips

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Masseter

• Origin: maxilla & zygomatic bones

• Insertion: Mandible• Action: closes the jaw

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Occipitofrontalis : Frontal belly

• Origin: galea aponeurosis

• Insertion: Skin over the nose and eyes

• Action: draws the scalp back to raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the brow

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Occipitofrontalis : Occipital belly

• Origin: Occipital bone• Insertion: galea

aponeurosis• Action: draws the scalp

back to raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the brow

Muscles of the abdomen and chest

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• What do your abdominal muscle do?

• When do you use them?

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Rectus abdominis

• Origin: Pubic symphysis

• Insertion: cartilage of rib 5-7 & Xiphoid process

• Action: Flex spine & compress abdomen

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Transverse abdominis

• Origin: Hip & lower ribs

• Insertion: linea alba & Xiphoid process

• Action: Compress abdomen

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Diaphragm

• Origin: Xiphoid process, lower 6 ribs & lumbar vertebra

• Insertion: central tendon

• Action: Increase volume of the thoracic cavity

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Pectoralis major

• Origin: clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 2-6 ribs

• Insertion: humerus• Action: Adduction of

the arm, flex arm & extend arm

Review

• What muscle closes the mouth?• What muscle produces spine flexion?• What happens to the volume in the

chest as the diaphragm contracts?• What motion does the pectoralis major

produce?

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Warm up

• What muscle adducts the shoulder?

• What elbow flexor inserts on the ulna?

• What muscles flex the knee?

Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle

What is the Pectoral Girdle?

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Pectoralis minor

• Origin: 3-5th rib• Insertion: scapula

(coracoid process)• Action: depression of

the scapula

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serratus anterior• Origin: First 8-9 ribs• Insertion: scapula• Action: moves scapula

laterally and forward (Boxer’s muscle)

http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article.asp?section=492#staticlink

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Trapezius• Origin: Ocipital bone &

C1-T12 spinous process

• Insertion: Clavicle & scapula

• Action: elevates scapula; pulls scapula medially and backward; & extends neck

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levator scapulae

• Origin: Transverse process of C1-C3(4)

• Insertion: Scapula (superior angle)

• Action: elevates scapula; & extends and laterally flexes the head

Stretch

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Warm up

1. What is the action of the serratus anterior?

2. What is the insertion of the trapezius?

3. What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

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Muscles that move the arm

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Latissimus dorsi

• Origin: Thoracic and lumbar spinous processes

• Insertion: humerus• Action: Extends &

adducts the humerus (swimming)

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Deltoid

• Origin: Clavicle & scapula

• Insertion: humerus• Action: Abducts, flexes

& extends the humerus

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Supraspinatus

• Origin: Scapula• Insertion: humerus• Action: Abduction of

the humerus (Rotator cuff)

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Infraspinatus

• Origin: Scapula• Insertion: humerus• Action: Adduction of

the humerus (Rotator cuff)

Exit slip

• What are 3 muscles that adduct the humerus?

• What are 2 muscles that are able to both flex and extend the humerus?

• What 2 muscles supinate the forearm?

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