what is a revolution? how does the spirit of the enlightenment encourage revolution?

What is a REVOLUTION?How does the spirit of the Enlightenment encourage revolution?How did the American Revolution (1775–83) encourage the French Revolution?

ancient regimeKing Louis XVIMarie AntoinetteEstates GeneralFirst EstateSecond EstateThird EstateBourgeoisieSans-culottes

What are the five causes of the French Revolution?

First Estate: 1% = 100,000ClergySpecial privileges/ no taxes/Church courts/ wealthy from rentof land

Second Estate: 400,000 Nobility2% of the populationOwn 30% of the land/ paid few taxes

Ancient Regime

Third Estate: 97% = 24 million

bourgeoisiemerchantsfree peasantsskilled workers

Sans-culottes (workers of the 3rd estate)

serfs ($ landlord AND church)

Each estate has ONE vote in the Estates General(founded 1303, not met since 1614)

By 1789, no group happy

• Clergy and nobility lost power to monarchy

• Bourgeoisie resented regulations

• Poor worse off- hungry and broke

Estates General meets • Desire for reforms• Voting process a problem• Third Estate proclaimed

themselves National Assembly

• Tennis Court Oath

First Events of the Revolution

Storming of the Bastille• King brought in troops• People of Paris armed

themselves• Searching for weapons, a mob

stormed the Bastille

Great Fear spread• King to punish the Third Estate

with foreign soldiers • Rumors of massacres• Peasants destroyed records

and burned nobles’ houses

1. What happened during the first events of the Revolution?2. Why did a mob storm the Bastille? What was the Bastille?3. How was the 1789 meeting of the Estates General

different from previous meetings?4. Did the National Assembly created by the Third Estate

have the right to make laws for all of France?

QUICK REVIEW:

5. How did the French attempt to create a NEW NATION?

• National Assembly completed a constitution • Restricted the king’s power• Created the Legislative Assembly/ kept monarchy (restricted)• Gave citizens broad rights/ eliminated feudal dues• Church not eliminated but becomes a branch of the state• Assembly eliminated the First Estate’s legal privileges

Declaration of the Rights of Women (Olympe de Gouges?)Page 598

• Declaration written by the National Assembly that laid out the principles

of the revolution• All men are born equal and remain equal before the law• Freedom of speech• Rights include: Liberty, property, security and resistance to

oppression• All persons are held innocent until they have been declared

guilty• Taxes shall be equally distributed in proportion to the means of

the people

Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

RESTRICTIONS ON POWER: What was the outcome of the women’s march on Versailles?

• Louis called troops to Versailles to protect his throne

• 7000 women marched to Versailles (Oct 1789) for bread

• Louis agreed to return to Paris and live at Tuileries Palace with his family

• (Nov) National Assembly seizes church lands to pay off debt

King Louis XVI hides out in Versailles

• National Assembly completes constitution on 1791

• Create a new legislative body called the Legislative Assembly

• Monarchs of Austria and Prussia issue warning to France…

• Legislative Assembly powerless against growing violent mobs

• Established more RADICAL National Convention• National Convention abolishes the monarchy• France is now a REPUBLIC

C 20 Section 2: The Republic

National Convention convenedSeptember 20, 1792

= RADICAL

Jean-Paul Marat

Chapter 20 section 2: The Republic1. A Radical Government: Factions in the New Government/Radical

Leaders

2. A Radical Government: Execution of the King/ Tightening Control/Transforming Society

The National Convention voted387 to 334 to execute the monarchs.

January 21, 1793

3. The Reign of Terror/ An Outbreak of Civil war/ Accusations and Trials

4. The Reign of Terror/ Death by Guillotine/ The Terror’s Victims

Reign of Terror ?

40,000Killed in 10 months300,000Imprisoned

No God!No Religion!No King!No Constitution

The Monster Guillotine:

Last guillotine execution was in 1939!

Execution of Robespierre: July 27.1794

1795: yet another constitution

Elected a governing board called the Directory

Some of the same problems existed: high prices, bankruptcy, citizen unrest

5. Effects of the French Revolution on:

Monarchy?

Clergy?

Nobility?

Peasants?

Sensory Figure: The Third Estate (15 pts)

Draw in 3 dialog or thought boxes about how the Third Estate may have experienced the French Revolution during three separate time periods. (9 total)

What would the Third Estate have been THINKING during this time period of change (the thought bubbles), as well as what they were SAYING and FEELING and DOING. BE AS CREATIVE AS POSSIBLE.

5 pts = at least 3 dialog/ thought boxes reacting to the revolution at three different stages

5 pts= at least 3 boxes describing what the Third Estate may have been saying, feeling or doing during three different stages of the revolution

5 pts = neat, legible, time and effort clear

Key Events during Napoleon's Reign:

• 1803 Louisiana Purchase• 1804 Coronation of Napoleon as

Emperor Napoleon I

• Continental System = prohibited France or allied ships from tradingWith Great Britain (failed)

• Reforms: • Concordat= recognized the

influence of the Catholic Church butdid not return any control overnational affairs to the church

• Bank of France = more efficientTax system, regulate the economy

• Legal and EducationalReforms=

Napoleonic CodeUniform law code, only applied to maleCitizens, NO freedom of the press, deniedRights fort women

Support for Education

After defeat of Napoleon….

Great BritainCzar Alexander I of RussiaKing Frederick William III of PrussiaPrince Klemens von Metternich of AustriaCharles Maurice de Talleyrand of France (King Louis XVIII)

Congress of Vienna 1815Goal was to strengthen absolute monarchy in Europe….

Countries that aided France lost territoryCountries that fought against France gained territoryFrance lost all of its conquered landsSome former monarchies were restored (Spain, Sicily, Portugal)France had to pay a large fine to other countries to compensate

for the damages that France caused them