when rubber meets the road - energy initiative 3_riesz.pdf · slide 5 100% renewables j. riesz, b....
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SLIDE 1
WHEN RUBBER MEETS THE ROAD
The practicalities of transforming Australia’s power system
August 2017
PRESENTED BY JENNY RIESZ
SLIDE 2
100% RENEWABLES
SLIDE 3
BUT THE SUN DOESN’T ALWAYS SHINE…
SLIDE 4
OUR PRESENT SYSTEM
J. Riesz, B. Elliston, “The impact of technology availability on the costs of 100% renewable electricity
generation scenarios for Australia“, 38th IAEE International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, May 2015.
SLIDE 5
100% RENEWABLES
J. Riesz, B. Elliston, “The impact of technology availability on the costs of 100% renewable electricity
generation scenarios for Australia“, 38th IAEE International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, May 2015.
SLIDE 6
PARADIGM SHIFT
“but the sun doesn’t always shine,
and the wind doesn’t always blow…”
SLIDE 7
SLIDE 8
THE NEM
~85% of
electrical load
in Australia
National
Electricity
Market
(NEM)
SLIDE 9
AEMO’S WORK PROGRAM
Wind & PV
45% emissions reduction scenario
Significant
retirements
Distributed
SLIDE 10
FUTURE POWER SYSTEM SECURITY
(FPSS) PROGRAM
Adapt AEMO’s functions and processes to deliver ongoing
power system security and reliability
Identify
Prioritise
QuantifyTechnical solutions
Implementation
SLIDE 11
IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES
Variable & uncertain
Low operating
cost
Non-synchronous
Distributed
Visibility & control
Frequency Control
System strength
Forecasting
Planning
Markets
Modelling
Decentralised system
SLIDE 12
WHAT IS FREQUENCY CONTROL?
LOAD GENERATION
50.0
ImbalanceFrequency changes
SLIDE 13
TYPES OF GENERATORS
SYNCHRONOUS
• Coal
• Gas
• Hydro
• Biomass
• Geothermal
• Solar thermal
• Nuclear
NON-SYNCHRONOUS
• Wind
• Photovoltaics
• Batteries
• Flywheels
SLIDE 14
INERTIA
DEMAND GENERATION
50.0
INERTIA acts
as a “brake”
Wind & PV displace
synchronous plant
Inertia dropsFrequency
changes faster
SLIDE 15
RATE OF CHANGE OF FREQUENCY
Contingency event
RoCoF
If RoCoF is too high…
• Trip of generation?
• Emergency control schemes may not prevent collapse
SLIDE 16
IRELAND
~24% wind40%
renewable
2020:2017:
Island with no
AC interconnectors
SLIDE 17
VISITING EIRGRID
SLIDE 18
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
South
Australia
42% energy from wind & PV
1 AC interconnector
SLIDE 19
ROCOF EXPOSURE
Separation of South Australia:
SLIDE 20
SOLUTIONS
Add inertia
Reduce contingency
sizeOther
Keep synchronous
generators operating
Install new synchronous
generators
Synchronous
condensers
SLIDE 21
Inertia
SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSERS
System
Strength
SLIDE 22
SOLUTIONS
Add inertia
Reduce contingency
sizeOther
Keep synchronous
generators operating
Install new synchronous
generators
Synchronous
condensers
Reduce flows
on the
interconnector
New
interconnector
Fast Frequency
Response?
SLIDE 23
FAST FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Fast power injection
(< 1 second)
SLIDE 24
FAST FREQUENCY RESPONSE
“Synthetic inertia” from a wind power plant - Example of a recorded event in Hydro-Quebec
Noel Aubut (2013) “Wind Power Status and Experience with Inertial Response from Wind
Power Plants”, 2nd Workshop on Active Power Control from Wind Power, Boulder Colorado
SLIDE 25
WIND & PV DELIVERING FREQUENCY
CONTROL
Ela, E.; Gevorgian, V.; Fleming, P.; Zhang, Y.C.; Singh, M.; Muljadi, E.; Schoolbrook, A.; Aho, J.; Buckspan, A.; Pao, L.; Singhvi, V.; Tuohy,
A.; Pourbeik, P.; Brooks, D.; Bhatt, N., (2014) Active Power Controls from Wind Power: Bridging the Gaps. Technical Report NREL/TP-
5D00-60574, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
SLIDE 26
SYSTEM SERVICES
InertiaSystem
StrengthFrequency
Control
Synchronous generators
Synchronous
generatorsWind, PV Storage Demand-side
Synchronous
condensers
FFR
SLIDE 27
AN ONGOING JOURNEY
?
SLIDE 28
FURTHER INFORMATION
• Future Power System Security Program
• All reports & publications:
o https://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/National-Electricity-
Market-NEM/Security-and-reliability/FPSSP-Reports-and-
Analysis
• Subscribe:
o http://eepurl.com/bxc0sv
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