why did the puritans want to leave england? religious persecution

Why did the Puritans want to leave England?

religious persecution

What religious movement during the 1700’s focused on

getting an emotional response from its audience?

Great Awakening

Who was the primary author of the Declaration of

Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Which Enlightenment thinker pushed for a three branch

government?

Montesquieu

Which enlightenment thinker was an advocate for the

protection of “natural rights” (life, liberty, property)? Where did they believe these rights

came from?

Locke, GOD

Which Enlightenment thinker pushed government by the

general will?

Rousseau

What document set up our nation’s first government but

ended up giving too much power to the states?

Articles of Confederation

Name two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

no power to tax, no power to coin money, no

executive branch, weak central government

How many houses are there in our Congress? What are

their names?

2, the Senate and the House of

Representatives

What were the two major compromises made during the drafting of the United States

Constitution?

Great Compromise (large states: House, small states: Senate), 3/5 Compromise (5 slaves count for 3 men)

What part of the government did the Federalists want strengthened in the new

constitution?

the national (Federal) government, get it…

Federalists

What group thought the constitution made the federal government too powerful and demanded the inclusion of the

Bill of Rights?

Anti-Federalists

What freedoms are guaranteed by the First

Amendment?

Speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

What rights are protected by the Fifth & Sixth Amendments?

Rights of the accused: fair & speedy trial, trial by

jury, don’t have to testify against self, etc.

What does the 4th amendment protect you

from? The 8th amendment?

4th: unreasonable search and seizure. 8th: cruel

and unusual punishment

What religious movement of the late 1800’s created a desire by Christians to save their souls by reforming society and by helping

the less fortunate?

The Second Great Awakening

Why did Mormons move west to the Utah territory?

To escape religious persecution

What kinds of conditions did industrial workers face in the

late 1800’s? How did they eventually respond?

Heat/cold, low pay, long hours, no job security, dangerous machinery; they formed unions

What was the first national labor organization? Whom did they try and organize?

Were they ultimately successful?

Knights of Labor; all workers; no

What type of worker did the American Federation of

Labor (AFL) try to organize? Who was their first leader?

skilled white male workers, Samuel

Gompers

What is laissez faire economics?

a system with little or no government control or

interference with business/trade

Why were new immigrants (between 1870-1940) subjected to so much

discrimination?

different languages, religions (Roman Catholic,

Jewish), complexions, cultural differences

How did the Americanization Movement attempt to help

immigrants succeed?

education in the “American” way of life, including public schools, Protestant religion, hygiene, English language

What was the result of the passage of the 19th

Amendment in 1920?

Women got the right to vote

What organization was responsible for producing U.S.

propaganda during WWI?

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

What two laws passed during World War I curtailed civil

rights and sought to punish enemy spies?

Sedition Act (prevented speaking out against the war) & the Espionage Act

(spy and die!)

Name 2 kinds of people who might have opposed U.S.

involvement in WWI.

pacifists, socialists, German immigrants, Irish

immigrants

What was the major population shift from rural

areas, especially the South, to urban areas involved in

wartime production?

Great Migration (many African Americans

moved North)

What kind of revolution took place in Russia in 1917-

1919? What kind of “scare” did this cause in the United

States?

Bolshevik (communist) revolution, “Red Scare”

What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids?

root out and deport/imprison suspected Communists

(especially immigrants with connections to

socialism/anarchism)

What organization was formed in response to the

Palmer Raids?

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

Identify two examples of anti-immigrant sentiment

from the twenties,

Sacco & Vanzetti, Al Smith, KKK, immigration

quotas & restrictions

How did the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act

attempt to change American society?

Tried to improve American moral values by banning the sale and

production of alcohol

How successful was prohibition? Who took over

distribution of alcohol during prohibition?

not very; organized crime (the mob)

Identify three characteristics of urban America in the

1920’s.

cultural diversity, new immigrants, religious

diversity, speakeasies & jazz, manufacturing

What group worked to oppress everybody who was not a White Protestant? Why did it have a resurgence in

the 1920’s?

KKK, increased ethnic tension in the cities

(Great Migration & Red Scare)

How did Marcus Garvey and his followers respond to increased

hostility toward African Americans?

“Back to Africa Movement”

How did Al Smith’s religion help to prevent him from

winning the 1928 Presidential election?

There was widespread prejudice in the United States against Catholics

What organization was created by the Wagner Act to help

protect the rights of workers and unions?

the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

What national labor organization rose to

prominence in the Depression by organizing all types of

workers?

the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Why did President Truman veto the Taft-Hartley Act in

1947? What happened to the Act?

It cut back on the power and protection of unions ..

Congress overrode his veto and it became law.

What doctrine vowed to support all resistors of

communism wherever they may be?

Truman Doctrine

In what aspect of American society did President Truman promise to end segregation in

1948?

the United States Military

What was HUAC? Who were it’s specific targets?

House Un-American Activities Committee,

suspected Communists in the media and government

Which U.S. Senator made a name for himself in the early

1950’s by hunting communists?

Joseph McCarthy

How did the fear of Communism during the early Cold War impact American

culture?

Made it much more conformist - big penalties

for being suspected of being Un-American