world history i fill in blanks review 2-6

World History I Skills Standards

WH I 2a

Paleolithic Era to Agricultural Revolution

• Homo sapiens emerged in Africa between _____ & _____ years ago– 100,000 & 400,000

• Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to _____, _______, & the _________.– Eurasia, Australia & Americas

• Early humans were ______ & _______ whose survival depended on plants and animals.– Hunters & gatherers

WH I 2b

Hunter-Gatherer societies during the

Paleolithic Era • Nomadic• Invented the first _____

– tools• Learned how to make ________

– fire• Lived in _______

– Clans

• Developed ______ language– oral

• Created “______ _____”– Cave art

WH I 2c

Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) Societies

• Developed ___________– agriculture

• __________ animals– Domesticated

• Used _________ tools– advanced

• Made _________– pottery

• Developed ___________ skills– weaving

WH I 2d

• _________ study past cultures by analyzing human remains, _______, & ________.– Archeologists, fossils & artifacts

• Archeologists use scientific test such as carbon dating to analyze ________ & _______.– Fossils & artifacts

• _________ is an example of an archaeological site in England.– Stonehenge

WH I 3a

Ancient civilizations

River Valley Civilizations

• ______ civilization- _____ river valley (Africa)– Egyptian, Nile

• _______ civilization- ________ & _______ Valleys (Southwest Asia)– Mesopotamian, Tigris & Euphrates

• _______ civilization- ______ river valley (South Asia)– Indian, Indus

• ________ civilization- _____ ___ valley (East Asia)– Chinese, Huang He

Other early civilizations• ______ settled between the ______ sea &

the _____ river valley. (Fertile Crescent)

– Hebrews, Mediterranean & Jordan

• ________ settled along the Mediterranean coast (Fertile Crescent)– Phoenicians

• _______ was located on the upper ____ river (Africa)– Kush, Nile

WH I 3b

Social patterns of early civilizations

• _______ rulers– Hereditary

• Rigid _____ system, where slavery was accepted– class

Political patterns of early civilizations

• World’s first _______– States

• Centralized ________– government

• Written law codes _______ _______ & ____ ___ __________– Ten Commandmens, Code of Hammurabi

Economic patterns of early civilizations

• _______ tools & weapons (bronze, iron)– Metal

• Increasing ___________ surplus– agricultural

• Increased ________– trade

• __________ of labor– specialization

WH I 3c

Development of religious traditions

• ___________ was practiced by most early civilizations– Polytheism

• _________ was practiced by the Hebrews– Montheism

WH I 3d

Origins of Judaism

• A– Abraham

• M– Moses

• J– Jerusalem

WH I 3e

Language and writing

• ___________ (earliest written symbols)– Pictograms

• ____________ ( Egypt)– Hieroglyphics

• ___________ (Sumer)– Cuneiform

• _____________ (Phoenicians)– Alphabet

WH I 4a

Persia, India, & China

Persians as rulers

• _________ of conquered people– Tolerance

• Development of imperial bureaucracy

• __________ as a religion– Zoroastrianism

• _________ system– Road

WH I 4b

India

• Physical barriers such as the _________, the _______ ______, and the Indian Ocean made invasion more difficult.– Himalays, Hindu Kush

• _______ & _______ were important rivers– Indus & Ganges

Aryans

• _______ system influenced all social interactions– Rigid caste system

Gupta Empire (dynasty)

• _______ Age of classical Indian culture– Golden

• Contributions- __________, ________, & ___________– Mathematics, new textiles & literature

WH I 4c

Hinduism

• ______ system in religious law based on occupations• Caste• Belief in many forms of one major ______

– Diety

• ___________ - cycles of rebirth– Reincarnation

• ___________ future reincarnation based on present behavior– Karma

• _______ & _______ Sacred writings– Vedas & Upanishads

WH I 4d

Buddhism

• Siddhartha Gautama _____________– Founder (Buddha)

• _______ Noble Truths– Four

• __________ path to enlightenment– Eightfold

WH I 4e

__________ was built for China’s protection

Great Wall

Contributions of classical China

• ______ _____ system– Civil Service

• P– Paper

• P– Porcelain

• S– Silk

Confucianism’s contributions to China

• Belief that humans are ______, not _____– Good, bad

• Respect for elders• Code of ___________, still used in

Chinese society today– politeness

• Emphasis on ___________– education

• Ancestor worship

Taoism’s contributions to China

• H– Humility

• Simple life and inner peace

• __________ with nature– Harmony

WH I 5a

Greece

Location & place (Greece)• A________ sea

– Aegean• _________ peninsula

– Greek• M__________ sea

– Mediterranean• B_______ sea

– Black• A_____

– Athens• S_____

– Sparta• T_____

– Troy• Macedonia

WH I 5b

Greek Mythology

• Based on _____________ religion– Polytheistic

• Explanations of natural p_________, human qualities, & life events– Phenomena

Greek Gods & Goddesses• Z______

– Zeus

• H_____– Hera

• Ap_______– Apollo

• Ar_________– Artemis

• Athena• Aphrodite

WH I 5c

Social structure & citizenship in the Greek polis

• Free adult males were ________– Citizens

• _______ & ______ had no political rights– Women & Foreigners

• Slaves had no _________ rights– Political

Stages of Athenian democracy

• M_________– Monarchy

• A_________– Aristocracy

• T__________– Tyranny

• D__________– Democracy

Athens

• ________ & _______ were tyrants who worked for reform– Draco & Solon

• Origin of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, & duties of a citizen

Sparta

• ___________ rule by a small group– Oligarchy

• Rigid ________ structure– Social

• M_________ & aggressive society– Militaristic

WH I 5d

Persian Wars 499-449 B.C.

• United __________ & __________ against the Persian Empire– Athens & Sparta

• Athenian victories at M_________ & S_________– Marathon & Salamis

Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.

• Caused by competition for the Greek world

• Athens/_______ ______ v.– Delian League

• Sparta/________ _________– Peloponnesian League

WH I 5e/f

Golden Age of Pericles

• Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian War

• _________ extended democracy– Pericles

• _________ had Athens rebuilt– Pericles

• ___________ is an example of this rebuilding– Parthenon

Greek contribution handout

WH I 5g

Phillip II King of Macedon

• Conquered most of __________– Greece

Alexander the Great

• Established an empire from _______ to ______ and the margins of India– Greece, Egypt

Hellenistic Age

• Blend of ________ & ________ elements– Greek & Oriental

• Culture was spread through trade

WH I 6a

Rome

Location & place

• Rome

• _________ peninsula– Italian

• Alps- protection

• ____________ sea– Mediterranean

WH I 6b

Roman Mythology

• Based on Greek ___________ religion– polytheistic

• Explanation of natural phenomena, human qualities, & life events

Roman Gods & Goddesses

• J__________– Jupiter

• J__________– Juno

• A__________– Apollo

• D__________– Diana

• Minerva• V__________

– Venus

WH I 6c

Social structure in the Roman Republic

• _________ powerful nobility (few in #)– Patricians

• _________ majority of the population– Plebians

• Slaves- not based on race

Citizenship

• __________ & _______ men– Patrician & Plebian

• Selected foreigners

• Responsibilities- taxes and military service

Features of Democracy

• __________ democracy– Representative

• Assemblies• The S________

– Senate

• Consuls• Laws of Rome codified as _________

__________– Twelve Tables

WH I 6d

Punic Wars 264-146 B.C.

• R____ v. C_______– Rome v. Carthage

• Over competition for ________– Trade

• _________ invaded the Italian peninsula– Hannibal

• 3 Wars = _________ victory– Roman

WH I 6e/f

Causes for decline of Rome

• Spread of ________ in the agricultural system– slavery

• Migration of small farmers into ______ & unemployment– cities

• ______ War over the power of Julius Caesar– Civil

• Inflation• __________ of Roman currency

– Devaluation

WH I 6g

Pax Romana

• Two centuries of p________ & p___________– Peace & Prosperity

Economic impact of Pax Romana

• Uniform system of _________– Money

• Safe t_________ & t_________ on Roman roads– Travel & Trade

Social Impact of Pax Romana

• Stable social classes

• Increased emphasis on _________– family

Political impact of Pax Romana

• Created a C________ S________– Civil Service

• Developed a uniform rule of law

WH I 6h

Origins of Christianity

• Rooted in _________– Judaism

• Led by _________ of Nazareth– Jesus

• Conflicted with the polytheistic beliefs of the Roman empire

Beliefs of Christianity

• M_________– Monotheism

• Jesus is son of God

• Life after ________– Death

• New Testament

Spread of Christianity

• Carried by Apostles (_________)– Paul

• Slowed by persecution from Romans

• Legalized by Emperor ___________– Constantine

Impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman Empire

• Church became an example of ______ authority– moral

• Church loyalty became more important than loyalty to the ___________– Emperor

• Church became the unifying force in Western Europe

Roman Contributions handout

Causes for decline of the Western Roman Empire

• Economy

• Military

• Moral Decay

• Political Problems

• Invasions

Division of Roman Empire

• Emperor _________ moves the capital (Rome) to Byzantium renaming it __________________– Constantine, Constantinople

• Western Roman empire falls in 476 A.D.

• Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)