xvi dae-brns high energy physics symposium, sinp, kolkata, nov 29 - dec 3, 2004 1 results from...

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 1

Results from development ofGlass RPCs for INO detector

B.Satyanarayana(For INO Collaboration)

TIFR, Mumbai

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 2

Plan of the presentation

Introduction Principle of operation of a glass RPC Overview of the field Our prototype designs and fabrication RPC gas mixtures and gas system Cosmic ray muon telescope Data acquisition system Preliminary results RPC aging problem Future work plan

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 3

Introduction

Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles of matter. Electrically neutral and were initially thought to be mass less. Three types or flavors (eof neutrinos known.

Recent evidence indicates that neutrinos have mass and also experience mixing among these flavors.

Neutrino oscillations can explain the discrepancy between theory and observations about its flux; can be used to estimate its mass.

Pioneering experiments at the KGF underground laboratories. Formation of Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO) collaboration. Feasibility studies for setting up of a neutrino experiment in India

is in progress.

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 4

Proposed INO detector

Magnetised iron calorimeter

Iron

RP

C

140

laye

rs

RPC dimension: 3m X 2m

No of chambers: 11K

No of channels: 220K

No of TDC channels: 3K

35KTons

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 5

Principle of operation of a RPC

Two 2mm thick float glassesSeparated by 2mm spacers

2mm thick spacer

Glass plates

Graphite coating on the outer surfaces of glasses

Pickup strips

V-I model

Each discharge locally deadens the RPC. The recovery time is approximately

l

A

A

lRC

s 2)10 x (8.85 x 4 x )10 x ( -1210

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 6

Our prototype designs: Single gap

Gas inlet

HV terminals

Graphite coat

Gas outlet

Spacer

Two versions

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 7

Our prototype designs: Double gap

Double gap RPC for better detection efficiencies

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 8

Jigs for RPC fabrication

A glued RPC

Resistivity measurement jig

A finished small area RPC

RPC fabrication jig

Glue and dispensers

Glass handlers

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 9

Gas mixing and flow control unit

Gas mixing unit

Flow monitor

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 10

P1P2

P3

P4P5

P6

Glass RPC under test

Muon Trigger =654321 PPPPPP

Schematic of Cosmic ray muon trigger

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 11

Cosmic ray muon telescope setup

Mounting structure for flexible and precise telescope alignment

Paddle alignment detail

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 12

Schematic of data acquisition system

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 13

Data acquisition system electronics

NIM CAMAC

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 14

V-I characteristics

Small RPC Large RPC

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 15

Typical RPC pulse profile

RPC pulse

Muon trigger

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 16

Noise rate and efficiencies

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 17

Charge performance

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 18

Timing performance

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 19

Charge-time linearity

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 20

RPC aging problem

Drop in efficiency, increase in noise rate and chamber current seen after a few weeks of continuous operation

Reports in the literature (Monolith, Belle etc)

Moister contamination in Freon gas, the culprit?

Use of SF6 instead of Freon preferred

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 21

Controlled humidity test

Carlo Gustavino et al, LNGS

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 22

AFM images of damaged electrodes

2scans 10scans

Damaged electrodes

Damaged electrodes

Raw glass

Raw glass

¶ 500nm structures of 100nm thick seen in the images

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 23

SEM image of damaged electrode

6scan 2scan

Damaged electrode Fluorine: 38%

Raw glass Fluorine: 4%

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 24

Future work plan

Systematic study of RPC stability problemFabrication of more large area RPCs and studiesDetailed studies on timing, spatial resolution, cross-talkOptimization of detector gas composition INO prototype detector; needs about 16 large area RPCsPerformance studies of prototype detector; comparison

of results with those from simulation studiesRPC Parameter inputs for electronics and data

acquisition system designFull pledged RPC device simulations

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 25

Backup slides

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 26

RPCs of modern designs

Multi gapHybrid RPC Micro RPC

Applications in HEP research

Cosmic ray experiments: EAS-Top, Cover-Plastex, Argo, Auger

Accelerator based experiments: Belle, Babar, Star, Harp

Future experiments: Alice, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb

Medical applications etc

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 27

Telescope stability monitoring

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

220000

240000

260000

280000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Time, Hours

Tele

scop

e pa

ddel

rat

es

P1

P2

P3

P4

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 28

Preliminary cross-talk measurements

Gas Mixture Tele window

(mm)Cross talk (%)

62:8:30 10 6.8

62:8:30 15 6.7

62:8:30 20 6.2

57:8:35 20 6.5

52:8:40 20 5.9

46:8:46 20 6.3

XVI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics symposium, SINP, Kolkata, Nov 29 - Dec 3, 2004 29

Recovery of a damaged RPC

Purging with pure Argon at high flow rate.

Bubbling pure Argon through pure ethyl alcohol.

Bubbling pure Argon through 3% Ammonia solution for 24 hours with high voltage off.

Recovers efficiency and brings down noise rate.