year - tu wien · model of access networks recommendations for improving energy efficiency passive...

For further information visit www.scp-responder.eu

Energy-Efficient Internet Access Slavisa Aleksic(1), Gerald Franzl(1), Thomas Bogner(2) and Oskar Mair am Tinkhof (2)

(1) Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Telecommunications, Favoritenstrasse 9-11/E389, 1040 Vienna, Austria (2) Austrian Energy Agency, Mariahilfer Straße 136, 1150 Vienna, Austria

slavisa.aleksic@tuwien.ac.at, gerald.franzl@tuwien.ac.at, thomas.bogner@energyagency.at, oskar.mair@energyagency.at

This work was supported by the project HOME-ICT, which is funded by the Austrian Fund for Climate and Energy and accomplished within the framework of the program ”NEUE ENERGIEN”.

Energy Consumption in Access Networks

The Goal

Model and study energy efficiency of access networks and end-user devices

Active involvement of stakeholders

Estimate the energy efficiency of the current internet access

Identify and assess energy saving methods and potentials

Develop scenarios for future developments (BAU, best case, worst case, …)

Develop recommendations for policy makers in order to support a development and a wide use of energy-efficient concepts and devices

Ever-increasing number of broadband subscribers

Broad use of advanced applications increasingly drive the need for high capacity

The most complex part of today’s Internet is the access network area, which also contributes mainly to the high total energy consumption of the global network infrastructure

To fulfill the vision of the Internet of Things, a huge number of intelligent, self-communicating devices need to be connected to the Internet

All these trends indicate an urgent need for more efficient access networks [1, 2, 3]

Socio-demographic parameters

Application usage patterns

Traffic volume over the day

Users, Applications, Traffic

End-User Equipment

Estimation of the number of units in use

Variety of input parameters influence the sales flow over the next years

Product lifetime and replacement probability determine how long equipment remains in use

End of a technology lifecycle triggers a coming changeover to new technology

Affinity to buy, assessed product value, presence of products for sale, etc. change over time

Model of Access Networks

Recommendations for Improving Energy Efficiency

Passive and active site and network sharing by several network operators

Promoting deployment of energy-efficient optical technologies

Dynamic network operation and energy management

Standardization of efficient low-power and standby modes for network equipment

Deployment of energy-efficient HVAC and free cooling systems

Utilizing alternative energy sources (solar, wind, …)

Regulative support for optimal network planning and deployment

Stock-FlowModelling

Affinity to Buy

Sales

Product Lifecycle

Specific Efficiency

Performance,

Period and Intensity of

Use

Model of Access Networks

• Wireless Access Networks

• 2G, 3G, 3G+, 4G?

• Wired Access Networks

• Copper, Fiber

Development

of Scenarios

End-Users Network Performance Energy Consumption

Energy Efficiency

CPE/LAN

Technolo

gy D

evelo

pm

ent

Num

ber

of S

ubscribers

per

Poin

t of P

resence

Energ

y C

onsum

ption o

f

Netw

ork

Ele

ments

2012, 2015,

2020, 2030 Core

Network

Legend:

3 excellent (there are no limitations in use and quality)2 → good (most users are satisfied)1 → acceptable (could be better, but )0 → poor but still possible to use- → it could be theoretically used, but very poor quality

x → currently not usable (no interface,...)

[1] S. Aleksic, M. Deruyck, W. Vereecken, W. Joseph, M. Pickavet, L. Martens, “Energy Efficiency of Femtocell Deployment in Combined Wireless/Optical Access Networks”, Elsevier Computer Networks, pp. 1-18, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2012.12.013. [2] S. Aleksic, “Energy-Efficient Communication Networks for Improved Global Energy Productivity”, (invited), Springer Telecommunication Systems, ISSN: 1018-4864 ,pp. 1 - 18, 2012. [3] S. Aleksic, A. Lovric, “Energy Consumption and Environmental Implications of Wired Access Networks”, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(4) , pp. 531 - 539, 2012, doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2011.531.539.

References

Urban, suburban and rural areas

Wireless (GSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS/HSPA, LTE) and wired access technologies (xDSL, HFC, Optical)

Multiple network providers

Traffic models, trends

Technology and socio-demographic peculiarities

Configuration , topology, limitations

Energy Efficiency (e.g. bit/Joule)

Technology Matrix (suitability of end-user equipment and network technologies to support different applications)

SERVICES

Voice Telephone (local provider)

VoIP (over Internet)

Digital Radio

Video Videoconference

SDTV ( Broadcast)

HDTV (Broadcast)

VoD (Video on demand)

HDoD (HD on Demand)

Video treaming

Data Classic Internet Services

Online Gaming

Filesharing

Home Office via VPN

Cloud Storage &

Processing

Remote Home Monitoring

0,38

0,14

0,30

0,89

0,66

Σ 2,3

Haushold Services = f (age, time, etc.)

Σ

Traffic volume over the day

Abbreviations:

M2M: Machine-to-Machine BAU: Business as Usual CPE: Customer Permisses Equipment POF: Polymer Optical Fiber HFC: Hybrid Fiber Coax PLC: Powerline Communication VPN: Virtual Private Network LTE: Long Term Evolution HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

2 3 x x 3 x x x 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 x x x x 1 2 2

3 3 x x x x x x 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x x 1 2 2

3 3 x x x x x x 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x x 1 2 2

3 3 x x x x x x 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x x 1 2 2

En

d-U

ser

Eq

uip

men

t

Access

Netw

ork

s

0% 0% 0% 0% 30% 30% 35% 1% 0% 2% 2% 3 3 3 3 3 x x x x x x 3 3 x

0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% 0% 5% 15% 30% 30% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 x x x 2 2 3 3

0% 5% 15% 15% 15% 0% 0% 0% 10% 20% 20% 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 0% 15% 35% 40% 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x 1 2 3 3

0% 0% 40% 35% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 10% 10% x x x x 3 x x 3 3 3 x x x x

0% 0% 35% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 10% 10% x x x x 3 x x 3 3 3 x x x x

0% 0% 30% 0% 10% 0% 0% 0% 15% 20% 25% 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 x x x 1 2 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 0% 0% 20% 30% 35% 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x 1 2 3 3

2% 0% 0% 0% 20% 3% 0% 5% 15% 30% 25% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 x x x 3 3 3 3

40% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 5% 20% 30% 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x 1 2 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 0% 15% 35% 40% 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x 0 2 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 0% 20% 35% 35% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 x x x - 2 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 0% 0% 25% 30% 30% 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 x x x 2 3 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 10% 0% 0% 20% 25% 25% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 x x x 1 3 3 3

TV Distribution

Vid

eo

Vo

ice

Wired Technologies

TV

with

DV

B R

ece

ive

r

Ne

tbo

ok / T

ab

let P

C

No

teb

oo

k

PC

AD

SL

Ga

me

Co

nso

le

TV

-Se

t-to

p-b

ox e

x.

Mo

de

m

PD

A

Sm

art

ph

on

e

Ce

ll P

ho

ne

Inte

rne

t R

ad

io

Te

lep

ho

ne

WiM

AX

DV

B-S

x

DV

B-C

x

DV

B-T

x

Pu

blic

WL

AN

UM

TS

LT

E

EP

ON

GP

ON

CAT-X

Ethernet LAN

Services

Home office via VPN

VD

SL

VD

SL

2

HF

C

AD

SL

2+

Remote Home Monitoring

Telephone (local provider)

HD-TV (Broadcast)

Video on Demand

Classic Internet Services

Filesharing

Videostreaming

SD-TV (Broadcast)

PLC

Cloud Storage & Processing

Da

ta

Wireless Technologies

Online Gaming

Videoconference

VoIP (over Internet)

Digital Radio

POF

WiFi

Product-Life Cycle

Technology-Life Cycle

M2M: Machine-to-Machine BAU: Business as Usual

Number of Devices Connected to the Internet Power Consumption of Access Networks

Projections for 2020

Cisco: 7.1B

connected devices

GSMA: 20B to 50B

connected devices

Energy Saving

Potentials in 2020

w/o M2M:

~9 GWh or ~ 40%

w/ M2M:

~20 GWh or ~ 40%

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Dev

ice

s C

on

ne

cte

d t

o t

he

Inte

rnet

[M

]

Year

w/ M2M

w/o M2M

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Po

we

r C

on

sum

pti

on

[G

Wat

t]

Year

w/ M2M

w/o M2M

BAU Energy Efficient

BAU

Energy Efficient