z39.50 profiles the bath profile
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Z39.50 Profiles
The Bath Profile
Z39.50 Profiles
The Bath Profile
ZIG MeetingLeuven, Belgium
July 2000
William E. MoenWilliam E. Moen<wemoen@unt.edu><wemoen@unt.edu>
School of Library and Information SciencesSchool of Library and Information Sciences
University of North TexasUniversity of North Texas
Denton, TX 72603Denton, TX 72603
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 2William Moen
ProfilesProfiles
An auxiliary standards mechanism Defines a subset of specifications from one or
more standards Goal of profiles is to improve interoperability
Profiles are useful for:o prescribing how Z39.50 should be used in a
particular application environmento solving interoperability problems with existing
Z39.50 implementations within a community or across two or more communities
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 3William Moen
Profiles Z39.50 SpecificationsProfiles Z39.50 Specifications
Represents community consensus on requirements
Identifies Z39.50 specifications to support those requirements
Improves search and retrieval results
Aids in purchasing decisions Provides specifications for
vendors to build Z39.50 products
Complete
Z39.50
Specifications
Z39.50
Profile
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 4William Moen
A Plethora of Z39.50 Profiles!A Plethora of Z39.50 Profiles! Library applications profiles
o The Bath Profile (International)o ONE-2 and CENL Profiles (Regional and Project)o DanZIG Profile (National)o Union Catalogue Profile
Other information communities’ profileso The GILS Profile (government information)o The CIMI Profile (cultural heritage)o The Geo Profile (geospatial)
Application-support profileso Zthes Profile (thesaurus profile)
Check the Z39.50 Maintenance Agency site
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 5William Moen
Interoperability: The Fundamental Problem
Interoperability: The Fundamental Problem
Ability of client to successfully search and retrieve information in a meaningful way
Key issue when searching multiple databases containing similar resources
Difficult problem when searching databases containing diverse types of resources
Z39.50 profiles provide a solution
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 6William Moen
Threats to InteroperabilityThreats to Interoperability
Differences in implementation of the standard
Differences in local information retrieval systemso Z39.50 cannot improve searchability of
resources o It can only support what local and remote only support what local and remote
systems offersystems offer
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 7William Moen
Levels of InteroperabilityLevels of Interoperability
Low-level protocol (syntactic)o do Z-client and Z-servers interchange PDUs
according to standard?
High-level protocol (functional)o do Z-client and Z-servers support appropriate
Z39.50 services for user tasks
Semantic levelo can Z-clients and Z-servers and local IR systems
preserve and act on meaning of IR tasks
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 8William Moen
Interoperability and Z39.50 Searching
Interoperability and Z39.50 Searching
Issueso Use attributes supported (Z39.50 Implementation)o Differences in indexing, searchable fields available,
search support, etc. (Local IR System)
Implicationso Different results from similar databases
implemented on separate Z-serverso Different results on same database when searched
locally or through Z39.50
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 9William Moen
Interoperability and Z39.50 Retrieval
Interoperability and Z39.50 Retrieval
Issueso Z39.50 Record Syntaxes supported (Z39.50
Implementation)o Capability of local IR system to prepare records in
one or more formats for interchange (Local IR System)
Implicationso Clients and servers may or may not be able to
interchange records
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 10William Moen
The Bath ProfileThe Bath Profile
The Bath Profile: An International Z39.50 Specification for Library Applications and Resource Discovery, Release 1.1
Internationally Registered Profile (IRP) Enables effective use of Z39.50 in a range of
library applications:o Search and retrieval from library catalogueso Search and retrieval of bibliographic holdings infoo Cross-domain searchingo Item ordering and document delivery
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 11William Moen
Evolution towards BathEvolution towards Bath
ATS-1 Profile (1995) CENL Profile (1997) DanZIG Profile (1997) MODELS Profile (1997) ONE Profile (1997) Virtual Canadian Union Catalogue Profile
(1998) The Z Texas Profile (1999)
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 12William Moen
Structure of the ProfileStructure of the Profile Modular
Groups related requirements and specifications
Defines 3 Functional Areaso Functional Area A: Basic Bibliographic Search &
Retrievalo Functional Area B: Bibliographic Holdings Search &
Retrievalo Functional Area C: Cross-Domain Search & Retrieval
Defines several Conformance Levels
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 13William Moen
Bath Profile Functional Area ABath Profile Functional Area A Basic Bibliographic Search
o Conformance Level 0 (4 searches) Author Search — Precision Match for Established Name
Heading Title Search — Keyword Subject Search — Keyword Any Search — Keyword
o Conformance Level 1 (15 searches) Browsing Indexes
o 6 Scans specified Basic Bibliographic Retrieval
o Combination of UNIMARC or MARC21, and o SUTRS and/or XML
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 14William Moen
Summary of Bib-1 Attributes Required
Summary of Bib-1 Attributes Required
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name
Use (1) 4, 21, 31, 1003, 1007, 1016
title, subject heading, date of publication, author, identifier-standard, any
Relation (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 less than, less than or equal, equal, greater than or equal, greater than
Position (3) 1, 3 first in field, any position in field
Structure (4) 1, 2, 101 phrase, word, normalized
Truncation (5) 1, 100 right truncation, do not truncate
Completeness (6)
1, 3 incomplete subfield, complete field
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 15William Moen
Bath Profile Functional Area BBath Profile Functional Area B
Bibliographic Holdings Search and Retrieval Requires new Holdings Schema Conformance Level 1 defines two Element Set
Nameso Locations Onlyo Locations, Summary Information, and Count if
available
Work on this functional area will be completed in Fall 2000.
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 16William Moen
Bath Profile Functional Area CBath Profile Functional Area C
Cross-Domain Search and Retrieval Defines two levels
o Conformance Level 0 (4 searches) Creator Search — Keyword Title Search — Keyword Subject Search — Keyword Any Search — Keyword
o Level 1 (9 searches) SUTRS and XML as record syntaxes Dublin Core DTD for XML record syntax Conformance Level 2 will specify Cross Domain
and Utility Attribute Sets
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 17William Moen
Addressing InteroperabilityAddressing Interoperability
Identify searching requirements (tasks)o Several levels of searching: recall-oriented, precision-
oriented Defining the searches (semantics and behavior) Specifying Z39.50 query to represent the search
o Standard combination of Z39.50 Attribute Types and Values
o Clients must send all attribute type values specifiedo Servers must be able to process all values
Suggested mapping and indexing of local systems (e.g., MARC fields to index, etc.)
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 18William Moen
Level 0 Title Keyword SearchLevel 0 Title Keyword Search
Attribute Type Attribute Value
Attribute Names
Use (1) 4 Title
Relation (2) 3 Equal
Position (3) 3 Any
Structure (4) 2 Word
Truncation (5) 100 Do not truncate
Completeness (6) 1 Incomplete subfield
Uses: Searches for complete word in a title of a resource.
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 19William Moen
Level 1 Title First Words in FieldLevel 1 Title First Words in Field
Attribute Type Attribute Value
Attribute Names
Use (1) 4 Title
Relation (2) 3 Equal
Position (3) 1 First in field
Structure (4) 1 Phrase
Truncation (5) 100 Do not truncate
Completeness (6) 1 Incomplete subfield
Uses: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in fields that contain a title of a resource. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words in a title are known to the user.
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 20William Moen
Bath as Core SpecificationsBath as Core Specifications
National and regional profiles based on the Bath Profileo DanZIG Profileo ONE-2 Profileo CENL Profile
Compatible supersets of Bath
Addressing how different profiles will work together o Bath and CIMIo Bath and GILS
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 21William Moen
Z Texas and BathZ Texas and Bath
Z Texas Profileo Z Texas as companion profile to Batho Z Texas as compatible superset of Bath
Final revisions to Z Texas to harmonize with Bath
Continuing development on Texas-specific requirements:o for searchingo for retrievalo for addressing other types of information
A US National Profile – developed by NISO
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 22William Moen
Next Steps: Indexing GuidanceNext Steps: Indexing Guidance
Prescribing Z39.50 implementation specifications is half the battle
Developing indexing and mapping guidance is necessary
Can we as a community define a standard way to index bibliographic data?
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 23William Moen
Next Steps:Assuring Quality of Products
Next Steps:Assuring Quality of Products
Approacheso Taking the vendor’s word for ito Conformance testingo Interoperability testing
Challenges of interoperability testingo Rigorous methodologyo Tests for different levels of interoperabilityo Metrics for benchmarks and comparisono Setting up an interop testbed
Z39.50 Profiles -- ZIG Meeting Leuven, July 2000 24William Moen
Z Texas and Bath Profile Resources
Z Texas and Bath Profile Resources
Bath Profileo Copy of draft profile
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/activities/z3950/int_profile/bath/draft/
o Listserv for Discussion ZIP-PIZ-L (subscribe by sending message to:
LISTSERV@INFOSERV.NLC-BNC.CA)
Z Texas Profileo Project Website
http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ld/projects/z3950/
o TZIG Member Listhttp://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ld/projects/z3950/committee.htm
o Texas Z39.50 Listservhttp://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ld/projects/z3950/list.htm
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