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ZigBee Overview
July, 2006
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Zigbee is …
ZigBee is a wireless standard based on IEEE802.15.4 that was developed to address the unique needs of most wireless sensing and control applications
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
The origin of the ZigBee name
The domestic honeybee, a colonial insect, lives in a hive that contains a queen, a few male drones, and thousands of worker bees. The survival, success, and future of the colony is dependent upon continuous communication of vital information between every member of the colony.
The technique that honey bees use to communicate new-found food sources to other members of the colony is referred to as the ZigBee Principle.
Using this silent, but powerful communication system, whereby the bee dances in a Zig-Zag pattern, she is able to share information such as the location, distance, and direction of a newly discovered food source to her fellow colony members.
Instinctively implementing the ZigBee Principle, bees around theworld industriously sustain productive hives and foster future generations of colony members.
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
History
ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4
1999 2000 2002 2003 2004
Initial MRDZigBee Alliance
formed
PAR Standard Complete
Standard Complete
2005
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Zigbee Alliance
The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard
The goal of the ZigBee Alliance is to provide the consumer with ultimate flexibility, mobility, and ease of use by building wireless intelligence and capabilities into everyday devices
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Focus
Defining the network, security and application software layers
Providing interoperability and conformance testing specifications
Promoting the ZigBee brand globally to build market awareness
Managing the evolution of the technology
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Membership Classes
PromotersFounding members of ZigBee, who form the Board of Directors. There are currently 10 promoters
ParticipantsMembers who generally wish to make technical contributions and/or serve on the Technical Group committees. These members have early access to specifications, and they may also chair working group subcommittees. They are in a position to help shape the ZigBee technology for industrial applications and the connected home.
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Promoter Companies
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Where Does ZigBee Fit
Range
Peak
Dat
a R
ate
Closer Farther
Slow
erFa
ster
UWBWireless Data Applications
Sources: WRH + Co
Wireless Video
Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11b
802.11a
2.5G/3G
Bluetooth™
ZigBee™
Wireless Sensors
Wireless Networking
Wi-Fi®
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Wireless Network Standards
Reliability, Power, Cost
Cost, Convenience
Speed, FlexibilityReach, QualitySuccess
Metrics
1 - 100+1 - 10+1 - 1001,000+Transmission Range (meters)
20 - 25072011,000+64 - 128+Bandwidth (KB/s)
65,5368321?Network Size
100 - 1,000+1 - 7.5 - 51-7Battery Life (days)
4KB - 60KB250KB+1MB+16MB+System Resources
Monitoring & Control
Cable Replacement
Web, Email, Video
Wide Area Voice & Data
Application Focus
ZigBee™802.15.4
Bluetooth™802.15.1
Wi-Fi™802.11b
GPRS/GSMMarket NameStandard
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Initial Markets
ZigBee is the only standards-based technology that addresses the unique needs of most remote monitoring and control and sensory network applications.
The initial markets for the ZigBee Alliance include:
Home AutomationBuilding AutomationIndustrial Automation
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee Wireless Markets and Applications
BUILDING AUTOMATION
Security, HVAC,AMR,
Lighting Control, Access Control
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
Remote Control
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
Patient monitoring
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
Asset Mgt, Process Control,
Energy Mgt
RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT COMMERCIAL
CONTROL
Security, HVAC,Lighting Control,Access Control
PC & PERIPHERALS
Mouse, Keyboard,Joystick
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Home & Diagnostics Examples
Data CommunicationTwo way
Dealer
Server
Field Service
Retailer SOHO
Telephone Cable line
ServiceProvider
AC or heat
Pump
Gateway(s)
Temp. Sensor
HRM Bio-
monitor Security Sensor
PC & peripherals Entertainment
Back EndServer
Customers
White goods
Gateway links to security system, temperature sensor, AC system, entertainment, health.
Gateway links to field sales/serviceBio-monitor transmits to care provider via gateway Mobile clients link to PC for database storage
PC links to peripherals, interactive toysPC Modem calls retailer, SOHO, Service Provider
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Warehouses, Fleet management, Factory, Supermarkets, Office complexesGas/Water/Electric meter, HVACSmoke, CO, H2O detectorRefrigeration case or applianceEquipment management services & PMSecurity servicesLighting controlAssembly line and work flow, InventoryMaterials processing systems (heat, gas flow, cooling, chemical)
Energy, diagnostics, e-Business services• Gateway or Field Service links to sensors
& equipment– Monitored to suggest PM, product
updates, status changes• Nodes link to PC for database storage
– PC Modem calls retailer, Service Provider, or Corp headquarters
– Corp headquarters remotely monitors assets, billing, energy management
Industrial Product Examples
HVAC
Field Service or
mobile worker
ServiceProvider
RetailerCorp Office
Mfg Flow
Temp. Sensor
Security Sensor
DatabaseGateway
Telephone Cable line
Back EndServer
Materials handling
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Lighting ControlWireless lighting control
Dimmable ballastsLight switches anywhereCustomizable lighting schemesEnergy savings on bright daysDali [or other] interface to BMS
Extendable networksAdditional sensorsOther networks
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
HVAC Energy Management
Hotel energy managementMajor operating expense for hotel
Centralized HVAC management allow hotel operator to make sure empty rooms are not cooled
Retrofit capabilitiesBattery operated t-stats can be placed for conveniencePersonalized room settings at check-in
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Asset Management
Within each container, sensors form a mesh network.
Multiple containers in a ship form a mesh to report sensor data
Increased security through on-truck and on-ship tamper detection
Faster container processing. Manifest data and sensor data are known before ship docks at port.
Sensor data recorded throughout a voyage can report excessively rough handling or if temperatures have gone outside of specified parameters
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Why do we need ZigBee?
ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based technology that:
Addresses the unique needs of remote monitoring & control, and sensory network applications.
Enables broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low cost, low power solutions.
Provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries for a typical monitoring application.
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Key Features
Low costLow powerLow data rateHighly reliableHighly secureInteroperable
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ZigBee - Low Cost
Designed from the ground up to work with inexpensive (~2$) 802.15.4 radiosDesigned to fully function on 8-bit microcontrollers (~2-5$)Common standard to drive volume prices down and build ecosystemGlobal standard reduces product costs
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee – Low Power
Designed to run for years on batteriesRadios / MCUs use single-digit microAmpswhile quiescent (~4uA)Ideal for low-duty cycle applications (typically <1%)Radios use milliAmps when active (~30mA)
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee – Low Data Rate
Raw data rate of 250kbps for 2.4GHz radios, 20-40kbps for sub 1GHz radiosThroughput usually 50% of raw rateRadios “share” air-time, so cannot all be speaking at onceMesh networking increases reliability, but takes bandwidth
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee – Highly Reliable
Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant pathsAutomatic retries and acknowledgementsBroadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable broadcasts across the networkParents keep track of messages for sleeping children
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee – Highly Secure
Utilizes AES 128-bit encryptionConcept of a “trust center”Link and network keysAuthentication and encryptionSecurity can be customized for the applicationKeys can be pre-programmed into application
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee - Interoperable
ZigBee Alliance ensures interoperability with conformance testsLevel 1 (L1) – MAC/PHYLevel 2 (L2) – Networking profileLevel 3 (L3) – Application profileCompatibility testing provided by approved test houses
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee Interoperability
Buy products from multiple vendors…that just work
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Zigbee vs Bluetooth
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Different Application
ZigBeeSmaller packets over large network
Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices
Rapid Network Join
Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.
BluetoothLarger packets over small network
Ad-hoc networks, File transfer
Long Network Join Times
Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Comparison overview
Bluetooth ZigbeeFHSS DSSSAIR INTERFACE
250 kb 28 kbPROTOCOL STACK
Rechargeable Non-rechargeableBATTERY
8 2^16DEVICES/NETWORK
1Mbps 20-250kbpsLINK RATE
~10 meters ~10 to 100 metersRANGE
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Protocol Makes the DifferenceBluetooth
Moderate duty cycleWire replacement for consumer devices that need moderate data rates with very high QoSQuasi-static star network structure with up to 7 clients (and ability to participate in more than one network simultaneously)Generally used in applications where either power is cycled (headsets, cellphones) or mains-powered (printers, car kits)
ZigBeeVery low duty cycle, very long primary battery life applicationsStatic and dynamic star and mesh network structures with potentially a very large number (>>65534) of client units, low latency available but not necessaryAbility to remain quiescent for long periods of time without communicating to the network
ZigBee Protocol was developed to serve very different applications than Bluetooth and leads to tremendous optimizations in power consumption
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Timing Considerations
Bluetooth:• Network join time = >3s• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically
ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications
ZigBee:• Network join time = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Battery LifeScenario analysis based on published data for CSR Bluetooth Radio
and Freescale Zigbee system (RFIC and GB60 MCU)Example 1 High-Duty Cycle
5 Byte Data Transmission in intervals of 1.28sassuming 200 mAh available battery capacity
Battery lifetime based on CSR-Bluecore-2: 15 daysBattery lifetime based on Freescale ZigBee: 33 days
Example 2 ‘Event Driven’ Applications (security system scenario)Network Coordinator is on all the time (not battery powered) Sensor transmitting every 60sec + 10 events per days Based on 2 AA Batteries
Battery lifetime based on CSR-Bluecore-2: 100 daysBattery lifetime based on Freescale ZigBee: 3559 days or 9.8 years (exceeds Battery life)
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Summary
Bluetooth and ZigBee transceiver physical characteristics are very similar
Protocols are substantially different and designed for different purposes
ZigBee designed for very low duty cycle static, long battery life and dynamic environments with many active nodesBluetooth designed for high QoS, variety of duty cycles,
moderate data rates in fairly static simple networks with limited active nodes
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
ZigBee Market SAM
-20,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Units
(K)
Other Connectivity 802.15.4/ZigBee FSL Units
Commercial Wireless Market Analysis SAM Units
Source: InStat 2004 08 Aug ZigBee in a Box
9%
30%
31%
40%
30%
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
802.15.4/ZigBee Market Size
Strong growth in areas such as wireless sensors will help fuel the growth of 802.15.4 and ZigBee
Harbor Research reports that by 2008, 100 million wireless sensors will be in useOn World reports that by 2010, more than 500 million nodes will ship for wireless sensor applicationsABI Research forecasts shipments of ZigBee devices in 2005 at about 1 million, growing to 80 million units by the end of 2006In-Stat 2004 report has an aggressive forecast of over 120 millionannual units of 802.15.4 and ZigBee chipsets by 2008
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
Useful WebsiteZigbee Alliance Website
http://www.ZigBee.org
IEEE 802.15.4 Websitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html
Freescale Zigbee Websitehttp://www.freescale.com/zigbee
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司 http://www.shuncom.com/
上海顺舟网络科技有限公司
http://www.shuncom.com/
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