amparo y fabian rodriguez
TRANSCRIPT
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STAND DEL JUEGO CONSTRUCTIVO PARA FORTALECER LAS HABILIDADESINVESTIGATIVAS EN EL GRADO TRANSICIN DEL CENTRO EDUCATIVO
DAMASCO-CUMBITARA
AYDA AMPARO INSUASTYJOSE FABIAN RODRIGUEZ
UNIVERSIDAD MARIANAFACULTAD DE EDUCACION
LICENCIATURA EN EDUCACION PREESCOLARSAN JUAN DE PASTO
2015
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STAND DEL JUEGO CONSTRUCTIVO PARA FORTALECER LAS HABILIDADESINVESTIGATIVAS EN EL GRADO TRANSICIN DEL CENTRO EDUCATIVO
DAMASCO-CUMBITARA
AYDA AMPARO INSUASTYJOSE FABIAN RODRIGUEZ
Traa!" #r$%$&'a(" a )a L*+, Mar'a C$+*)*a I&%.a%'* P"r'*))"/ +"" r$.*%*'" *&a) ($) $%#a+*" ($C"&'$3'"% S"+*"+.)'.ra)$% ($) III NTF,
UNIVERSIDAD MARIANAFACULTAD DE EDUCACION
LICENCIATURA EN EDUCACION PREESCOLARSAN JUAN DE PASTO
2015
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CONTENIDOPg.
1 CONTEXTUALIZACION.................................................................................................. 41.1 CONTEXTUALIZACION EXTERNA....................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Economia................................................................................................................. 51.1.2 ASPECTO EDUCATIVO:.............................................................................. 1.1.! PRO"RA#AS DE "O$IERNO.........................................................................%
1.2 CONTEXTUALIZACION INTERNA...................................................................1&1.2.1 ASPECTOS AD#INISTRATIVOS:.....................................................................1&1.2.2 ASPECTO TELEOLO"ICO:...............................................................................11
1.2.! 'ILOSO'IA INSTITUCIONAL.......................................................................121.2.4 O$(ETIVOS INSTITUCIONALES:................................................................121.2.5 PRO)ECTOS.....................................................................................................121.2. ASPECTO EDUCATIVO...................................................................................1!
2. PRO$LE#ATIZACION................................................................................................152.1 PLANTEA#IENTO DEL PRO$LE#A................................................................152.2 DESCRIPCION DE PRO$LE#A..........................................................................152.! 'OR#ULACION DEL PRO$LE#A.....................................................................1%2.4 (USTI'ICACION DEL PRO$LE#A....................................................................1%2.5 O$(ETIVOS..............................................................................................................2&
2,5,1 O!$'*4" $&$ra)6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,202,5,2 O!$'*4"% $%#$+7*+"%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,202,8 TABLA DE CATEGORIZACION,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20
9, MARCO REFERENCIAL,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,229,1 ANTECEDENTES ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,229,2 MARCO TEORICO,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,229,9 REFERENTE LEGAL,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,28
:, ASPECTOS METODOLOG;COS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,99:,1 PARADIGMA/ ENFOOS
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LISTA DE 'I"URAS
P?,F*.ra 1, CRO
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LISTA DE TA$LAS
P?,Ta)a 1, TABLA DE CATEGORIZACIN 10
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LISTA DE ANEXOS
P?,A&$3" 1, CARTA DE SOLUCITUD DE PRACTICA EJEMPLO @
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INTRODUCCION
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$%'.(*a&'$ .$ +"&%'r.a %. #r"#*" +"&"+**$&'",
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1. CONTEXTUALIZACION
1.1 CONTEXTUALIZACION EXTERNA
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Imag*n: 1+1: Ma#a ($) .&*+*#*" ($ C.*'ara Nar*" A)+a)(7a ($ C.*'ara/ 2015Q
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G$&'*)*+*"6 Daa%.$"%
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1.2.! 'io-o7,a in-/i/ciona: S$ .&(a$&'a $& )a "ra+*=& ($ #$r%"&a% *&'$ra% 'a&'" $& )"
'*+" %"+*a)/ +.)'.ra) +a#a+$% ($ a.(ar a .%+ar $) #r"r$%" ($ %. $(*" +"&%$r4a&(" %.%
r$+.r%"% &a'.ra)$% "$&'a&(" +"#"r'a*$&'"% r$%#"&%a)$% .$ +"&))$4$& a .&a#ar'*+*#a+*=& a+'*4a +"&%*$&'$ #ara .%+ar a)'$r&a'*4a% ($ %").+*=& a )"% #r")$a%
a*$&'a)$%,
La $(.+a+*=& *#ar'*(a $& $) C$&'r" E(.+a'*4" Daa%+" a.(a a) $%'.(*a&'$ a a+$r
.$& .%" ra+*"&a) ($ )"% r$+.r%"% &a'.ra)$%/ $) a"r #"r $) 'raa!"/ $) +.)'*4" ($ )a
r$%#"&%a*)*(a(/ )a *($&'*(a(/ )a a.'"$%'*=& )a +a)*(a( a+a(*+a .$ )" "r$ #ara $&r$&'ar
)"% ra&($% r$'"% ($ " ($) .'.r", E) ("+$&'$ .%+ara )a "ra+*=& *&'$ra) ($ %.%$%'.(*a&'$% a#"a&(" $& )a +"&%'r.++*=& ($) +"&"+**$&'"/ ($) r$+"&"+**$&'" ($ %7 *%"%/ ($
)"% ($?% ($ %.% #r"#*" $&'"r&"/ 'a*& a#"ar a )a +".&*(a( $& )a +"#r$&%*=& ($ )a
#r")$?'*+a a*$&'a) $& )a '"a ($ +"&+*$&+*a $& )a% ($+*%*"&$% #ara $) a&$!" %"%'$&*)$,
1.2.4 O8*/io in-/i/ciona: E(.+ar #$r%"&a% *&'$ra%/ '*)$% .$ %$a& +a#a+$% ($ r$%")4$r )"%
#r")$a% $& "ra #a+7*+a ))$ar a+$r )7($r$% ($ %. +".&*(a(,
1.2.5 P3o9*c/o-: E& $) C$&'r" E(.+a'*4" ($ Daa%+" %$ $!$+.'a& )"% %*.*$&'$% #r"$+'"% #ara
r*&(ar .&a $!"r +a)*(a( ($ $(.+a+*=&6 R$+r$a+*=& '*$#" )*r$/ Pr$4$&+*=& ($ r*$%"%
($%a%'r$%/ E(.+a+*=& %$3.a)/ E+")"7a $(*" a*$&'$/ C"&%'*'.+*=& #")7'*+a ($"+ra+*a
PEI I&%'*'.+*=& E(.+a'*4a Ar"#$+.ar*" Sa&'a R"%a/ 2015Q,
Imag*n 1+2: Fa+a(a ($) C$&'r" E(.+a'*4" Daa%+"
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2. PRO$LE#ATIZACION
2.1 PLANTEA#IENTO DEL PRO$LE#A
Para $) ($%arr"))" ($ )a #r$%$&'$ #r"#.$%'a ($ *&4$%'*a+*=&/ %$ r$a)*= .& a+$r+a*$&'" a)
C$&'r" E(.+a'*4" Daa%+"/ ($) .&*+*#*" ($ C.*'ara %*$&(" a+'*)$ )a "%$r4a+*=& $& $)
ra(" 'ra&%*+*=& )" +.a) &"% #$r*'*= *($&'**+ar (*$r$&'$% #r")$?'*+a% ($ )"% &*"% &*a%
($&'r" ($) a.)a,
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E& $) ($%arr"))" ($) #r"+$%" ($ $&%$a&a a#r$&(*a!$ $& $%'$ ra(" %$ ($'$+'ar"&
)'*#)$% (**+.)'a($%/ +"" #"r $!$#)"6 Ba!" r$&(**$&'" a+a(*+" #"r a)'a ($ a#"" ($ %.%
#a(r$%/ #r(*(a ($ *($&'*(a( +.)'.ra)/ $%+a%$ ($ a'$r*a) (*(?+'*+"/ "*)*ar*" a.)a #"+"
("'a(a/ a.%$&+*a ($ !.$"%/ !..$'$% $&'r$'$&**$&'"%/ a.)a% #"+" a($+.a(a% #ara )"% &*"%/
$%+a%" "r'a)$+**$&'" ($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a% #ara $%'$ ra(" +ar$&+*a ($ $%'ra'$*a% ($
$&%$a&a r$%#$+'" a $%'$ )'*" a%#$+'" %$ $4*($&+*a .$ )a $%+a%$% ($ *#)$$&'a+*=& ($
$%'ra'$*a% &"4$("%a% #"r #ar'$ ($) ("+$&'$ '$r*&a& #"r )**'ar $) ($%arr"))" *&'$ra) ($) &*",
T$&*$&(" $& +.$&'a .$ $& $) ra(" 'ra&%*+*=& &" %")" %$ ($(*+a a )a 'ra&%*%*=& ($
+"&"+**$&'"%/ %*&" a r*&(ar $%#a+*"% #r"#*+*"% #ara .$ $) &*" ($.$%'r$ %. +r$a'*4*(a(
a(.*%*+*=& ($ +"&"+**$&'"%/ $(*a&'$ #r"+$%"% ($ )).4*a ($ *($a% " *&(aa+*=& .$ )"
+"&))$4$& a %").+*"&ar #r")$a% %$&+*))"% ($ )a 4*(a +"'*(*a&a %$ #r"#"&$ ($%($ $%'a*&4$%'*a+*=& a"&(ar $& $) "r'a)$+**$&'" ($ )a +"#$'$&+*a +*$&'7*+a a 'ra4% ($ )a
*#)$$&'a+*=& ($ .& %'a&( ($) !.$" +"&%'r.+'*4" .$ #$r*'a a )"% &*"% &*a% ($%arr"))ar
a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a%/ )a *a*&a+*=&/ )a +"&+$#+*=& ($ %. #r"#*" .&("/ )a "r.)a+*=& ($
*#='$%*%/ )a %").+*=& ($ #r")$a% )a +"&%'r.++*=& ($ &"ra% )**'$% .$ ($ #"r %* a+$&
#ar'$ ($) !.$",
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2.2 DESCRIPCION DE PRO$LE#A
E& $!$r+*+*" ($ )a #ra3*% #$(a=*+a a+.(*$&(" a )a "%$r4a+*=& (*r$+'a ($ )a #")a+*=&
"!$'" ($ $%'.(*" $& $%'$ +a%" $%#$+7*+" )"% &*"% &*a% ($) ra(" 'ra&%*+*=& ($ )a I&%'*'.+*=&E(.+a'*4a Sa&'a R"%a +"& S$($ Daa%+"/ %$ r$+"#*)a .&a %$r*$ ($ *&"ra+*=& *#"r'a&'$ .$
+"&'r*.$ a )a ($'$++*=& ($ )a #r")$?'*+a .$ #$r*'$ #)a&'$ar $%'a *&4$%'*a+*=&, E%'$
a+$r+a*$&'" $% $) .$ #r"#*+*a *&"ra+*=& +"&'.&($&'$ %"r$ )a% a&*$%'a+*"&$% ($ )"%
$%'.(*a&'$% $& r$)a+*=& (*r$+'a +"& $) !.$" +"&%'r.+'*4" +"" (*&a*a("r ($ #r"+$%"% .$
+"&'r*.a& a ($%arr"))ar a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a%,
E& $%'$ %$&'*(" %$ #.(" a&a)*ar .$ )"% &*"% +"&%'a&'$$&'$ $%'?& +"&(*+*"&a("% #"r
a+'*4*(a($% .$ #*$r($& %. *&'$&+*"&a)*(a( $& $) 'ra&%+.r%" ($ %. ($%arr"))"/ ($*(" a .$ )a
"r*$&'a+*=& ($ )a a$%'ra $%'? $%'*#.)a(a a+.($ r$+.$&'$$&'$ a) ($%arr"))" ($ )a *+a .7a $&
)a +.a) '"(" %$ $&+.$&'ra (a("/ "*'*$&(" #r"+$%"% *#"r'a&'$% $& )"% &*"% &*a% +"" #"r
$!$#)" )a "%$r4a+*=&/ ($%+r*#+*=&/ #r"#"%*+*=& $)a"ra+*=& )"% +.a)$% .$(a& r$(.+*("% a
$3'$&%a% !"r&a(a% ($ +")"r$a(" .$ #r"#*+*a& $) ($%"r($& a&$!" *&a($+.a(" ($ )"% r$+.r%"%
$%+")ar$%,
A%7 *%" %$ a&a)*a .$ )a #ar'*+*#a+*=& ($ )"% &*"% &*a% $% r$a)$&'$ $%+a%a/ $))"%#r$*$r$& "*'*r #r$.&'a% +.a&(" %$ )$% a"r(a +"& .&a #r$.&'a .ar(a& %*)$&+*" " r$#*'$& ($
"ra )*'$ra) )" .$ %.% +"#a$r"% a& a*ra("/ r$)$!a&(" .& .%" *&a($+.a(" ($ %.%
a*)*(a($% +".&*+a'*4a%/ .&(a$&'a) #ara $) ($%arr"))" ($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a% $& $%'a
$(a(/ ($*(" a .$ $% #"r $(*" ($ $%'a% .$ )"% &*"% $%+.+a&/ ($%+r*$&/ a)a&/ $3#)*+a&
$&'a)a& *&'$rr"a&'$% $&'r$ "'ra%/ a++$(*$&(" a) .&(" .$ )"% r"($a a'r*.&(")$ %$&'*(" a
%.% $3#$r*$&+*a%,
O'r" #.&'" r$)$4a&'$ $& $%'a #r")$?'*+a $% $) !.$" .$ +"" a+'*4*(a( r$+'"ra #*)ar
($ )a $(.+a+*=& *&*+*a) ($$ $%'ar #r$%$&'$ $& '"("% )"% $%#a+*"% ($ *&'$ra++*=& ($ )"% #$.$"%,
Para $%'$ +a%" $%#$+7*+" %$ "%$r4a .$ $) !.$" $% .&a a+'*4*(a( %*& &*&.&a *&'$&+*"&a)*(a(/
($*(" a .$ %$ a +"&4$r'*(" $& $) $%#a+*" ("&($ )a a$%'ra "*'$ "%$r4a+*"&$% 4a)*"%a% %"r$
$) a+"&'$+$r ($ )"% &*"% &*a% &*+a$&'$ %$ a+$ )a $&'r$a ($ a'$r*a)$% #ara ))aar )a
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a'$&+*=&/ "+.#?&(")"% #"r )a#%"% ($ '*$#" . r$(.+*("% ($%$&+a($&a&(" ($ $%'a "ra $)
($%"r($& a) *&'$r*"r ($) $%#a+*" #$(a=*+",
E% #r$+*%" a%.*r .$ #r"+$%"% +"" )a "%$r4a+*=&/ +"#ara+*=&/ +)a%**+a+*=&
#r"#"%*+*=& ($ a)'$r&a'*4a% ($ %").+*=& a #ar'*r ($ )a *&(aa+*=& ($ %.% *&'$r$%$% &$+$%*(a($%
&" $%'?& #r$%$&'$% $& )"% $%#a+*"% #$(a=*+"%/ #"r.$ )"% "$&'"% ($ *&'$ra++*=& &" $%'?&
($*(a$&'$ "r*$&'a("% &" %$ %"$'$ a )"% &*"% a) *#"%'$ra)$ +"&)*+'" +"&*'*4"/
$rra*$&'a .&(a$&'a) #ara .$ $))"% +"&%'*'.a& &.$4"% a#r$&(*a!$% a #ar'*r ($ %.% #r"#*a%
$3#$r*$&+*a $) a++$%" a &.$4a% *&"ra+*"&$% "r'a)$+*$&(" a%7 %. $%#7r*'. +r7'*+" #r"#"%*'*4",
La r$)a+*=& #$(a=*+a $%'.(*a&'$% - a$%'ra/ %$ 4$ )**'a(a #"r $%#a+*"% $ *&+"$r$&+*a
$& )a a#)*+a+*=& ($ $%'ra'$*a% (*(?+'*+a% #ara a"r(ar )a% &"+*"&$% ?%*+a% ($%arr"))ar $& )"%&*"% &*a% a*)*(a($% ($%'r$a%/ ($!a&(" a .& )a(" )"% 47&+.)"% a$+'*4"% $)
$%'r$+a*$&'" ($ r$)a+*"&$% *&'$r#$r%"&a)$% 4*'a)$% #ara .$ )"% *&a&'$% a++$(a& a .& +..)"
($ $3#$r*$&+*a% %*&**+a'*4a%/ #.$%'" .$ $% $& $%'a (*&?*+a .$ )"% &*"% $)a"ra& +"&%'r.+'"%
%$ a#r"#*a& ($) $&'"r&" .$ )$% r"($a,
E& $%'$ %$&'*(" %$ #.$($ a%.*r .$ )"% &*"% &*a% r$)$!a& .&a %$r*$ ($
+"#"r'a*$&'"% +)ar"% .$ %$ a&**$%'a& +"" %7&'"a% ($ )a '$?'*+a #r"#.$%'a .$ *&+*($&
(*r$+'a$&'$ $& )a "%'r.++*=& . "*%*=& ($ #r"+$%"% #$(a=*+"% a"r$&'$ $)a"ra("% .$
($ a).&a a&$ra +"&'rarr$%'a& )a #"%**)*(a( ($ .$ )a #")a+*=& "!$'" ($ $%'.(*" a++$(a a )a
a(.*%*+*=& ($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a%,
2.! 'OR#ULACION DEL PRO$LE#A
C *- * imac/o 0* S/an0 0* 8*go con-/3c/io *n a- ;aii0a0*- in*-/iga/ia-0* o- ni
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2.4 (USTI'ICACION DEL PRO$LE#A
E) #$&%a*$&'" +*$&'7*+" $& )"% &*"% &*a% #r$$%+")ar$% a) *.a) .$ )a $%'r.+'.ra+*=&
($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a% #r"#*a% ($ $%'a $(a( $% .& '$a r$)a'*4a$&'$ &.$4" ($ ra&*#a+'", La% #"'$&+*a)*(a($% ($) &*" )a &*a $& $(a( #r$$%+")ar +"&'r*.$& a "r'a)$+$r
#r"+$%"% ($ *&'$r4$&+*=& (*r**("% .&(a$&'a)$&'$ a r$+.#$rar )a% +"#$'$&+*a% %a$r$% .$
)"% *&a&'$% #"%$$& a) $&r$&'ar%$ a .+a% ($ )a% %*'.a+*"&$% .$ %$ )$ #)a&'$a& +"'*(*a&a$&'$
$& )"% $&'"r&"% ("&($ *&'$ra+'a/ )" .$ %$ 'ra(.+$ $& .$ $) #a&"raa .$ "r$+$& )"% $%'.(*"%
%"r$ )a% ($%'r$a% ($) &*" #ara .&+*"&ar a #ar'*r ($ .& ra"&a*$&'" ($ '*#" +*$&'7*+"/ $%
a#)*" 4ar*a(", I.a)$&'$ %$ #.$($& *($&'**+ar a).&"% a%#$+'"% .$ *&).$& (*r$+'a$&'$
#ara $) 3*'" ($ $%'a #r"#.$%'a ($ *&4$%'*a+*=& $% a.7 ("&($ %$ r$)a+*"&a $) !.$" +""
a&(a*a!$ #ara #"%**)*'ar .& %*&&$r" ($ $3#$r*$&+*a%/ .$ a&+)a(a% a )" .$ $) &*" #"%$$/
#r$4*a$&'$ %$ +"&%'*'.$& $& .& +..)" ($ $3#$r*$&+*a *&'$ra+'*4a% 4a)*"%a% .$ a#"r'a&
%*&**+a'*4a$&'$ a )a +"&"ra+*=& ($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a%/ $(*a(a% #"r )a )(*+a $)
!.$" +"&%'r.+'*4" +"" a+'*4*(a( r$+'"ra ($ '"("% +a(a .&" ($ )"% $%#a+*"% #$(a=*+"%,
E& $%'$ %$&'*(" %$ a%.$ .$ )" r$a)$&'$ *&&"4a("r ($ $%'a #r"#.$%'a ($ *&4$%'*a+*=&/
$% r$+"&"+$r $) #a#$) #r"'a=&*+" ($) &*" a) *.a) .$ +a(a .&a ($ )a% a+'*4*(a($% .$ $)
$#r$&(a/ #.$%'" .$ ($$r?& '$&$r .& %$&'*(" ($ %.$(a/ #r"4"+a(a% #"r .&a &$+$%*(a( 'a)+"" )" a*ra $) a.'"r C)a#ar$($ 19Q +*'a(" #"r Ga))$"/ A,/ Ca%'r"/ J, R$/ J, 200@Q,
Sa$"% .$/ $) &*" )a &*a ($$& a++$($r a $3#$r*$&+*a% $%#a+*"% +ara("% ($
*&"ra+*"&$% $& +." #r"+$%" #.$(a& a'r*.*r)$ %*&**+a("% a %. a++*=& #.$(a 'a*& ($
$%'$ "(" "(**+ar)"% ($ a+.$r(" a %.% #$r+$#+*"&$% %*& ($%+"&"+$r .$ a#r$&($&/ a%**)a&
a+""(a& *&"ra+*"&$% a #ar'*r ($) a+$r $) *&'$ra+'.ar,
Para Da4*( A.%.$) $) a&+)a!$ !.$a .& #a#$) ($'$r*&a&'$ $& $) "$&'" ($ +"&+r$'ar
&.$4"% $!"r$% +"&%'r.+'"% ($ a#r$&(*a!$/ )" .$ %$ r$)a+*"&a (*r$+'a$&'$ +"& $%'$ '$a
*&4$%'*a'*4"/ #.$%'" .$ $% a+.(*$&(" a $%'$ +r*'$r*" .$ %$ $%'a .& #.&'" ($ #ar'*(a/ ("&($ )"%
%a$r$% $3#$r*$&+*a% #r$4*a% ($ )"% &*"% &*a% #"%**)*'a& &.$4"% +a#"% ($ a++*=&/ +"& .&
a)'" 4a)"r %*&**+a'*4", E% ($ $%'$ "(" +"" $) #r"+$%" ($ ($%arr"))" ($ )a% *($a% #.$($
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r$#r$%$&'ar%$ +"" .&a r$( $& )a .$ )a% &"+*"&$%/ a&'$+$($&'$% )a% &.$4a% $3#$r*$&+*a% %$
*&'$ra&/ %.r*$&(" .&a *($a &.$4a " "(**+a(a a #ar'*r ($ )a *&(aa+*=&/ $3#)"ra+*=& "
($%+.r**$&'" .$ #$r*'*r? $&'"&+$% )a +"#r$&%*=& ?% a#)*a ($) .&(" .$ )$% r"($a
A)"&%"/ M,/ 2010Q,
O'r" #.&'" r$)$4a&'$ $% $) !.$" +"" $(*a("r ($ $%'"% $%#a+*"% .$ %*& ).ar a (.(a
a#"r'a %*&**+a'*4a$&'$ a )a +"&%")*(a+*=& ($ #r"+$%"% *&'$ra)$% 'a) +"" )" r$.*$r$ )a
$(.+a+*=& *&*+*a), E) !.$" $% .& )$&.a!$ &a'.ra) #"r.$ $% #r$+*%a$&'$ $& $%"% "$&'"%
)(*+"% $& )"% .$ )a &*a $) &*" %*$&'$& a"r &$+$%*(a( ($ $3#r$%ar a) "'r" *&'$&+*"&$%/
($%$"%/ $"+*"&$% %$&'**$&'"%, E% $& $) !.$" ("&($ $) +.$r#" (*a)"a +"& "'r"% +.$r#"%
#ara a&*$%'ar $) #)a+$r .$ )$ #r"4"+a& a).&a% a++*"&$%/ #ara #r"#"&$r &.$4a% a&$ra% ($
!.ar #ara $%#$rar $) '.r&"/ $%#$rar )" .$ $) "'r" 4a a a+$r +"& %. +.$r#" #r$#arar $) #r"#*"#ara (ar r$%#.$%'a a $%$ +.$r#" .$/ %*& ).ar a (.(a%/ $r$+$ %$r $%+.+a("/ *&'$r#r$'a("/
+"#r$&(*("/ +.$%'*"&a(" a#)*+a(" $& '"("% )"% $%+$&ar*"% #$(a=*+"% #.$%'" .$ $% )a
a+'*4*(a( r$+'"ra #"r $3+$)$&+*a #ara #r""4$r $%#a+*"% ($ a#r$&(*a!$,
E&'"&+$%/ r$)a+*"&ar $) !.$" +"" +"#"&$&'$ ($ )a )(*+a $& )a $(.+a+*=& *&*+*a)/ $%
a)ar ($ #r""4$r )a a.'"&"7a/ ($ r$+"&"+$r )a *&*+*a'*4a )a +.r*"%*(a( *&a&'*) +"" .&a
.$&'$ ($ +"#r$&%*=& ($) .&(" .$ )"% r"($a/ %*'.a+*=& .$ a %$r r$+"&"+*(a a+"#aa(a
#"r )a% a$%'ra%/ )"% a$%'r"% )"% a$&'$% $(.+a'*4"%, E&'"&+$%/ $) !.$" %$ +"&4*$r'$ $& .&
+"&'$3'" ($ $%+.+a ($ )a% +a#a+*(a($% #"'$&+*a)*(a($% ($ )a% &*a% )"% &*"%/ ("&($ )"%
a$%'r"% )"% a$&'$% $(.+a'*4"% #.$($& r$a)$&'$ r$+"&"+$r)"% ($%($ )a .)'*#)*+*(a( ($ %.%
)$&.a!$%/ +"" %"%'*$&$ Ma)a.* 2001Q $& $) ("+.$&'" E) J.$" $& )a E(.+a+*=& I&*+*a)
201:Q,
E) !.$" '*$&$ .&a *&'$&+*"&a)*(a( .$ .%+a $&+a.ar )a% #r"#.$%'a% ($ )a% &*a% )"%
&*"%, D*+a *&'$&+*"&a)*(a( '*$&$ .$ 4$r +"& )a "%$r4a+*=&/ )a $3#)"ra+*=&/ )a +"&%'r.++*=& ($
$%'ra'$*a% )a 'ra&%"ra+*=& ($ "!$'"% $%#a+*"%, L" .$ %$ r$)a+*"&a (*r$+'a$&'$ +"& )a
#r"#.$%'a *&4$%'*a'*4a #"r.$ %$ 'ra'a ($ +"&"rar .&a r$( ($ a#"" ("&($ %$ "%$r4$&
$3#$r*$&+*a% #r$4*a% .$ ($& #a%" a )a +"&%$+.+*=& ($ $rra*$&'a% a"r$&'$ $%'r.+'.ra(a%/
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#r""4*$&(" a%7 )a +"&%$+.+*=& ($ a#r$&(*a!$% #r"$+'a("% a )a #r"#"%*+*=& ($ &.$4"%
$!"r$% +"&%'r.+'"% ($ #$&%a*$&'" a++*=& $& )"% a*$&'$% #r$$%+")ar$%,
2.5 O$(ETIVOS
2.5.1 O8*/io g*n*3a:
Em*a3 * S/an0 0* 8*go con-/3c/io *n a- ;aii0a0*- in*-/iga/ia- 0* o- nicnica oin-/3m*n/o
'*n/*-
E-/ima3 *n o-ni
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ami*n/*-*0ag6gico- ?*
* *3mi/an ani
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($%($ )"% ("% a"% %$ 'ra'a ($ )a $4").+*=& ($) !.$" ($ *++*=&/ $& $) .$ %$ **'a& $%'7.)"%
$3'$r&"% a 'ra4% ($ )a a&*#.)a+*=& ($ "!$'"% $& (*$r$&'$% (*r$++*"&$% #"%*+*"&$% (?&(")$ a)
&*" )a #"%**)*(a( ($ *&).*r $& $) $&'"r&", A($?% %$ #)a&'$a .$ %'$ '*#" ($ !.$"% #$r*'$& $)
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;. Com*/*ncia: )a +"#$'$&+*a +"&))$4a a )a a+'*4*(a( *&($#$&(*$&'$ +"&+$&'rar $& )a
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*. (*gan 0*-0* a /3a0ici6n: L"% !.$"% 'ra(*+*"&a)$%/ %"& '$%'*"&*"% 4*4"% ($ .&a *%'"r*a/ ($
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5. La -ociaii0a0: $& )a $(*(a $& .$ )"% !.$"% )"% !..$'$% a4"r$+$& )a
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*&a)$&'$/ #ara #*$a% ($ ra& (*$&%*=&/ %$ *&4").+ra $) +.$r#" +"#)$'"/ #"%**)*'a&(" .& .%"
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$) %*%'$a ($ $&%a)a!$ %$a .&+*"&a) a#)*+a)$ a) +"&'$3'" $%+")ar %$ ($$ '$&$r $& +.$&'a )a
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Par'*+*#ar $& a++*"&$% ($ +.*(a(" ($ )a &a'.ra)$a/ )a 4a)"ra .$%'ra %$&%**)*(a(
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E&'"&+$% 4a)$ )a #$&a ($%'a+ar )" +"&+$r&*$&'$ a) ar'7+.)" 8 ($ )a C"&%'*'.+*=& #")7'*+a
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La #ar'*+*#a+*=& $& a+'*4*(a($% )(*+a% +"& "'r"% &*"% a(.)'"% ,
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E& +"&%$+.$&+*a +"& )" a&'$r*"r %$ (a +a*(a a) D"+.$&'" 10 #$r'*&$&+*a $ *&'$ra)*(a(
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A 'ra4% ($ $%'a #")7'*+a $) M*&*%'$r*" .%+a a#"ar "rar a #a(r$% a(r$% ($
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E) #r$%$&'$ $%'.(*" %$ ($%arr"))a ($&'r" ($) #ara(*a +.a)*'a'*4"/ $) +.a) #$r*'$ a&a)*ar
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#"r.$ %$ a+$ .&a ($%+r*#+*=& ($'a))a(a ($ )a% +ara+'$r7%'*+a% 4ar*a&'$% ($ (*+a% a*)*(a($%
*&4$%'*a'*4a% .$ %$ ($%$a& #r""4$r a 'ra4% ($ )a a#)*+a+*=& ($) #r$%$&'$ #r"$+'", A)
r$%#$+'" S$ra& \$ C*'a("% #"r UNAD/ 200Q #r"#"&$& .$ $) #ara(*a +.a)*'a'*4"
#$r*'$ I&4$%'*ar +"&'$3'"% .$ %"& &a'.ra)$% " '"a("% 'a) +"" %$ $&+.$&'ra& .$ &"
r$.*$r$& +.a&'**+ar%$/ $(*r%$ " +"&'ar a)" .$ &" $% +*$r'", A %. 4$ G"ra& C)a'"&
C*'a("% #"r UNAD/ 200Q a*ra& .$ )a *&4$%'*a+*=& +.a)*'a'*4a *&'$&'a ($%+r**r $%'"%
%.+$%"%/ +"" .& $(*" #ara ($'$r*&ar )"% #r"+$%"% $& )"% +.a)$% )"% $4$&'"% $%'?& *&+r.%'a("%
)a% #$r%#$+'*4a% ($ )"% *&(*4*(."% #ar'*+*#a&'$% $& )"% $4$&'"%/ .'*)*a&(" )a *&(.++*=& #ara
($r*4ar )a% #"%*)$% $3#)*+a+*"&$% a%a(a% $& )"% $&=$&"% "%$r4a("%,
D$ $%'a a&$ra %$ .%+a "r'a)$+$r $& )"% &*"% &*a% $) ($%arr"))" ($ )a *&'$ra+*=&/
a#r"#*a+*=& %"r$ '"(" #ara "r'a)$+$r a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a%/ +"& )a a#)*+a+*=& ($
$%'ra'$*a% #$(a=*+a% #ara ))$4ar a +a" #r"+$%"% ($ "ra+*=& *&'$ra)/ #"r 'a) ra=&/ %$
#r$'$&($ r$a)*ar .& $%'.(*" ($'a))a(" %. r$%#$+'*4" a&?)*%*% a+$r+a ($ )" .$ )"% $(.+a&("%
%*$&'$&/ "#*&a& " $3#r$%a& $& $) 'ra&%+.r%" ($ )a r$a)*a+*=& ($ )a *&4$%'*a+*=& ("&($ %$ .%+a
a)+a&ar )"% "!$'*4"% #r"#.$%'"% a .$ %*r4$ +"" a%$ #ara #$r+**r $ *&'$r#r$'ar $) +"&'$3'"/
a($?% $) #ara(*a +.a)*'a'*4" aar+a ($%+r*#+*"&$% ($'a))a(a% ($ %*'.a+*"&$%
+"#"r'a*$&'"% .$ %"& "%$r4a)$% #ara #"($r $#)$ar $%'ra'$*a% #$(a=*+a% a #ar'*r ($ )a
)(*+a $ *&'$r% ($ )"% &*"% &*a% $& $) #r"+$%" $(.+a'*4" "r*$&'a(a a+*a .& +"&"+**$&'" ?%
#r".&(" a )a 4$ %$ #"(r? $!"rar )a% a+'*4*(a($% #r"#.$%'a% $& $) a.)a ($ +)a%$%
4.1.2 En7o?*
La #r$%$&'$ *&4$%'*a+*=& #r$%$&'a .& $&".$ *&'$r#r$'a'*4"/ a .$ %$& )"% a#"r'$% ($
M&($/ K, 2012Q *&'$r$%a $) $%'.(*" ($ )"% %*&**+a("%/ *&'$&+*"&$%/ "'*4a+*"&$%
$3#$+'a'*4a% ($ )a% a++*"&$% .a&a%/ ($%($ )a #$r%#$+'*4a ($ )a% #r"#*a% #$r%"&a% .$ )"%
$3#$r*$&'a& +"& )a *&'$&+*=& ($ ($%+r**r )"% +"&'$3'"% )a% +*r+.&%'a&+*a% $& )a% .$ '*$&$&
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).ar/ #ara a #ar'*r ($ $))"% *&'$r#r$'ar +"#r$&($r 'a)$% $&=$&"%, Para $%'a *&4$%'*a+*=& $&
#ar'*+.)ar %$ .*$r$ $%'.(*ar )a a(.*%*+*=& ($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a% $& )"% &*"% &*a% ($
#r$$%+")ar ($ )a I&%'*'.+*=& Daa%+" +.a&(" %$ "r$+$ +"" $rra*$&'a (*(?+'*+a .& %'a&( ($
!.$" +"&%'r.+'*4", E) a&?)*%*%/ $3#)*+a+*"&$% $ *&'$r#r$'a+*"&$% %$ $)a"rara& #ar'*$&(" ($ )"%
(a'"% "'$&*("% $& +a#" " $& $) #r"#*" +"&'$3'" &" ($ )a% '$"r7a% #r$4*a%,
4.1.! Tio 0* in*-/igaci6n
E) '*#" ($ *&4$%'*a+*=& $#)$a(" #ara $%'a *&4$%'*a+*=& $% )a I&4$%'*a+*=& A++*=& $& $)
A.)a I, A, A,Q/ +." "!$'*4" $% )a *&4$%'*a+*=& .$ %$ r$a)*a $& a*$&'$% +"'*(*a&"% " ($
'raa!" (*ar*", S$ r$a)*a #r$4*a$&'$/ (.ra&'$ " ).$" ($ )a $!$+.+*=& ($ .& #r"raa ($
*&'$r4$&+*=&/ #ara )" +.a) %$ r$+"$ *&"ra+*=& ($ .&a r$a)*(a( (a(a $(*a&'$ '+&*+a%$%#$+7*+a%/ $& "ra %*%'$?'*+a/ ($ a&$ra #ar'*+*#a'*4a/ r$)$3*4a/ +"#r$&%*4a +r7'*+a +"& $)
#r"#=%*'" ($ #)a&'$ar $(*(a% .$ #$r*'a& %").+*"&ar $) #r")$a *&*+*a)$&'$ #)a&'$a(", La I,
A, A, $%'? ($%'*&a(a a $&+"&'rar $& "ra #ar'*+*#a'*4a/ %").+*"&$% ra+*"&a)$% a($+.a(a% a
#r")$a% +".&$% .$ #.$($& '$&$r .& r.#"/ .&a *&%'*'.+*=&/ .&a +".&*(a( " .&a
"ra&*a+*=&/ #"r )" .$ $% *#"r'a&'$ .$ )"% #r"#*"% %.!$'"% *&4").+ra("% #ar'*+*#$& $& $)
($%arr"))" ($ )a *&4$%'*a+*=&/ )a +.a) %$ +"&4*$r'$ $& .&a "(a)*(a( ($ *&4$%'*a+*=&
#ar'*+*#a&'$ R"!a%/ A)*/ 200Q, A.&a(" a )" a&'$r*"r Mar'7&$/ M*.$) %,,Q $&+*"&a .$
a($?% ($ )" a $&+*"&a(" 'a*& %$ a.$&'a )a +"#$'$&+*a ($ )"% #ar'*+*#a&'$% a) r$a)*ar
#r"+$%"% ($ r$'r"a)*$&'a+*=& ($ )a *&"ra+*=&,
La I&4$%'*a+*=& A++*=& $& $) A.)a I, A, A,Q a#)*+a(a a) #r"$+'" *&4$%'*a'*4" #)a&'$a(" .%+a
(ar %").+*=& a) #r")$a ($ a)'a ($ a*)*(a($% *&4$%'*a'*4a% $& $) &*4$) 'ra&%*+*=& ($ )a
I&%'*'.+*=& Daa%+"/ #$r*'*$&(" .$ )"% &*"% &*a% #ar'*+*#$& a+'*4a$&'$ ($ )a #r"#.$%'a
#)a&'$a(a %$a& $))"% .*$&$% a 'ra4% ($) !.$" +"&%'r.+'*4" #.$(a& ($%+.r*r $) .&(" .$ )"%
r"($a,
4.2 PO$LACIMN ) #UESTRA
4.2.1 Poaci6n
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S$ a $%+"*(" $) &*4$) ($ 'ra&%*+*=& ($) C$&'r" E(.+a'*4" Daa%+"/ $) +.a) $%'? %*'.a("
a .&a (*%'a&+*a ($ +*$&'" 4$*&'$ $'r"% ($) +$&'r" ($ )a #")a+*=& ($) +"rr$**$&'" ($ Daa%+"/
("&($ %$ $&+"&'r= )a #r")$?'*+a .$ %$ ($%$a %").+*"&ar $(*a&'$ $) ($%arr"))" ($ $%'a
*&4$%'*a+*=&
4.2.2 #*-/3a
La .$%'ra %$)$++*"&a(a #ara $%'a *&4$%'*a+*=& +"rr$%#"&($ &*4$) ($ 'ra&%*+*=& ($)
C$&'r" E(.+a'*4" Daa%+"/ $) +.a) +.$&'a +"& 11 $%'.(*a&'$%/ ($ )"% +.a)$% %"& &*a% : &*"%
+.a% $(a($% "%+*)a& $&'r$ )"% 5 8 a"%, Para $) &*4$) ($ 'ra&%*+*=& &" a .& ("+$&'$$%#$+*a)*a("/ #"r )" 'a&'"/ )"% ("+$&'$% %$ $%'?& r"'a&(" +a(a a" $% #"+" $) '*$#" .$ %$ )$%
($(*+a/ a .$ %$ ($$ a'$&($r a "'r"% ra("% $& $) *%" %a)=& ($ +)a%$, E& $%'$ %$&'*("/ $)
&*4$) 'ra&%*+*=&/ $%'? .*+a(" $& $) a.)a 'r$%/ ($) +$&'r" $(.+a'*4"/ +"& #"+a a*$&'a+*=& *&'$r&a
$3'$r&a #ara "'*4ar a) $(.+a&(" $) ("+$&'$ a+$ .%" ($ $rra*$&'a% '"(" $) a'$r*a) a)
a)+a&+$ #ara #r"#*+*ar .& a*$&'$ ara(a)$,
4.!. T>cnica- * in-/3m*n/o- a3a a 3*co*cci6n 0* in7o3maci6n
4.!.1. O-*3aci6n *0ag6gica
La "%$r4a+*=& #$(a=*+a %$ ($*&$ +"" $) '"(" #"r $) +.a) %$ $%'a)$+$ .&a
r$)a+*=& +"&+r$'a $ *&'$&%*4a $&'r$ $) *&4$%'*a("r $) $+" %"+*a) " )"% a+'"r$% %"+*a)$%/ ($ )"%
.$ %$ "'*$&$& (a'"% .$ ).$" %$ %*&'$'*a& #ara ($%arr"))ar )a *&4$%'*a+*=& Far*/ Mar7a/
2015Q,
La "%$r4a+*=& $% .& *&%'r.$&'" .$ #$r*'$ r$a)*ar .&a a&?)*%*% ($ .&a %*'.a+*=&
$%#$+7*+a/ #$r*'*$&(" a+$ .& $%'.(*" +"&'$3'.a)*a(", La $) +a%" ($ )a "%$r4a+*=& #$(a=*+a
$% *#"r'a&'$ +"&%*($rar )"% a%#$+'"% ($ +".&*+a+*=& ($ *&'$ra++*=&/ a%7 +"" )"% a+'"r$% ($
$&%$a&a a#r$&(*a!$ Dara$&/ 2011Q,
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La "%$r4a+*=& $% .& #r"+$(**$&'" ($ r$+")$++*=& ($ (a'"% $ *