An abridged/modified presentation by Mr. Jeff Taylor with great respects to the author

Dr. Abdulkadir Erden, Atılım University, İncek, Ankara

... is defined as an activity of overcoming difficulties for practical applications of concepts that are proved to be true theoretically. This activity is composed of mental activities, paperwork, human power and machine power.

... is defined as an activity of overcoming difficulties for practical applications of concepts that are proved to be true theoretically. This activity is composed of mental activities, paperwork, human power and machine power.

NEED

ENGINEERING PROCESS

PRODUCT

PEOPLE, SOCIETY,

AND NATURE

Author Definition Keywords

C. Alexander

Finding the right physical components of a physical structure. Finding, physical

L. B. Archer

A goal-directed problem solving activity. Goal-directed, solving activity

M. Asimow

Decision making in the face of uncertainty with high penalties for error.

Decision making, uncertainty, high penalties for error

P. J. Booker

Simulating what we want to make (or do) before we make (or do) it as many time as may be necessary to feel confident in the final result.

Simulating to feel confident

M. Farr The conditioning factor for those parts of the product which come into contact with people.

Contact with people

S. Gregory

Relating product with situation to give satisfaction. Product, satisfaction

J. C. Jones

The performing of a very complicated act of faith Act of faith

E. Matchett

The optimum solution to the sum of the true needs of a particular set o circumstances.

True needs

J. K. Page

The imaginative jump from present facts to future possibilities.

Imaginative jump, Present facts; future possibility

J. B. Reswick

A creative activity-it involves bringing into being something new and useful that not existed has not existed previously.

Creative activity, useful not existed previously

J. P. Vidosic

The creation of an end result that satisfies a human need by taking definite action.

Creation, Result satisfies human need, action

... is defined, in general, as the planning and realization of a creative strategy to accomplish a physical, mental, moral or artistic task or to satisfy a real need.

... is defined, in general, as the planning and realization of a creative strategy to accomplish a physical, mental, moral or artistic task or to satisfy a real need.

This is engineering!..

The purpose of design is defined [Mostow, 1985] as the construction of a structure (artifact) description that;

Satisfies a given (probably informal) functional specification,

Conforms to the limitations of the target medium,

Meets implicit or explicit requirements on performance (time, space, power, cost etc.) and structure (style, simplicity etc.),

Satisfies restrictions on the design process itself.

Design activities include Creativity, Decision-making, Modeling.

ENGINEERING DESIGN ENGINEERING DESIGN

Time consuming activity Mental activity Mentally initiated time consuming activity

Physical Conceptual Conceptually developed physical products

Close to science Close to art Creative work based on scientific principles

Methodological Intuitive Intuitive started methodology

Solves problems Creates problems Solution-Problem, Problem-Solution chains are unbreakable

An iterative decision making activity to produce the plans by which resources are converted: preferably optimally, into systems or devices to meet human needs.

The process that uses engineering tools-mathematics, graphics, language-and scientific principles to evolve a plan, which when fully carried out will satisfy a human need.

The use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination in the definition of a mechanical structure, machine or system to perform pre-specified functions with the maximum economy and efficiency.

A purposeful activity directed toward the goal of fulfilling human needs, particularly those which can be met by the technological factors of our culture.

The complete intellectual process from the conception of an idea based on inspiration, knowledge and experience to its final technical and commercial realization.

Science-based problem solving with social-human awareness, ... a high level intellectual activity.

Original design that involves elaborating an original solution principle for a system with the same task, a similar task or a new task. This may be the case of using a four-bar mechanism in the development of a walking machine.

Adaptive design, which involves adapting a known solution principle to a changing task. Example: Design of a new gearbox, based on the known gear trains.

Variant design, which involves varying the size and/or arrangement of certain aspects of the chosen system, while the function and solution of the system remain, unchanged. Example: Belt Conveyor design; Size of drum and belt width can be computed for a given loading with no change on the design configuration.

One-of-a-kind design; Design of special purpose machines, Prototype machines,

Design for mass production; Design of washing machine,

Large, expensive system design; Design of a production line,

Design to code; Shaft design, Boiler design.

Selection design involves choosing one item from a list of similar items; Selection of bearing for a shaft.

Configuration design in which all the components have been designed and the problem is how to assemble them into the complete product; Plant design, Conveyor layout design

Parametric design involves finding values for the variables or parameters that characterize the object being studied; Conveyor design, Crane design.

Original design is the development of a process, component or assembly not previously existing; Design of a machine with a specific purpose.

Others (such as redesign, routine design)

DEFINITIONS FOR DEFINITIONS FOR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OR MACHINE DESIGNMACHINE DESIGN

... is described as a creative thinking, planning and synthesis supported by analyses in order to produce a machine or system that will accomplish a predefined physical work. Besides, having the properties of the general design concept, an important additional characteristic of the machine design therefore is that, the artifact to be designed should have a certain functionality in terms of physical work.

... is defined as the transformation of parameters influencing a physical process into concrete machine components,

The process of creating and selecting configurations, shapes, materials, and dimensions for something which is physical in nature.

The transformation of the parameters influencing physical process into concrete machine components.

To abstain from blindly copying the existing prototypes and to design meaningfully, selecting from the entire store of the design solutions offered by the present day mechanical engineering the ones that are most suitable under given conditions.

To be able to combine various solutions and find new, better ones.

To continually improve the machines characteristics and to contribute to the progress in the given branch of mechanical engineering.

To follow the dynamic development of the industry and devise versatile machines of long life amenable to further modernization and capable of meeting the every growing demands of the national economy without running the risks of obsolescent for a long time to came.

The formulation of a plan for a mechanism or device capable of transmitting forces and motions, and doing work or accomplishing a specific function that must be done to satisfy a human need as economically as possible.

The formulation of plans to satisfy human needs using the disciplines-engineering, sciences, techniques, and other mental processes-that are studied by mechanical engineers.

The application of many of the principles of science and technology in the creation of a product and the consideration of the various factors that effect its production and use.

MACHINE DESIGN =

MACHINE +

ENGINEERING +

DESIGN

MACHINE DESIGN

MACHINE ENGINEERING DESIGN

Methods and Procedures

DESIRES Requirements, Needs, Problems

Politics

Sociology,Psychology

Economy

TOOLSMathematics

ScienceEngineering Science

Engineering Design

Engineering Technology

ProductionConstruction

REALITIES

Intuition, Creation

Industrial Design

Limitations

Architectural Design

Artistic Design

Art

CONCEPTS

DESIRES; Requirements, Needs, Problems

Politics

Effective as design criteria, and design rulesLegal codes, Standards, Decisions regarding use of coal, or natural gas, Promotion of a industrial sector.

Sociology, Psychology

Traditions should be carefully analyzed by the designers. A slaughterhouse should be designed according to local religious factors.Social preferences cannot be overcome easily. Cooking kitchenware is an example.Design user is a human. His/her preferences amy be the same as the designer himself/herself.

Economy

Engineering design mainly deals to produce products to sell somebody else. Therefore economical conditions are of utmost importance that determine the demand on the particular product. It is not only demand to be considered, also the group of people who has developed this demand is also important.

CONCEPTS; Intuition, Creativity

Industrial DesignMore focused on the user preferences, and ergonomic design to some extend. They developed kind of empty shells wherein some machine components and machine elements are placed by the engineering designers.

Architectural design Aesthetic design criteria are more overwhelming.

Artistic DesignSatisfaction of the humans are more pronounced. Surface finish, selection of colors are examples.

Art Gives the basic rules like the color effect, etc.

TOOLS; Methods and Procedures

Engineering ScienceStatics, Dynamics, Strength of materials, Thermodynamics, Heat transfer, Fluid mechanics, Elasticity, Plasticity.

Science Physics, Chemistry,

Mathematics Calculus, Differential equations, Algorithms, Numerical analysis,

REALITIES; Limitations

Engineering Technology Machine elements, Manufacturing technology, quality control, reliability,

Production Production shop,

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Des

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Design activities include Creativity, Decision-making, Modeling.

E n g i n e e r i n g C r e a t i v i t yE n g i n e e r i n g C r e a t i v i t y

TechnologyMarket

ConditionsProduction

Facility

Engineering creativity is a process

in which a set of machine

components is selected to perform

a predetermined function.

It is mainly a mental activity;

assistance by computer technology

is suggested. Designer's experience

is also a determining factor.

Among the many factors which effect creativity in design are; designer’s experience, designer’s ability, economic factors, and designer’s own preference.

The stage and level of industrialization of the society is a factor in design,

The social traditions cannot be overcome easily,

Sophistication and complexity of the design product is to be determined by the user,

Economical conditions, Geographical and climatic conditions.

Design should not violate scientific rules, Design should be economical, Design should be compatible to

psychology and ergonomics, Design must satisfy requirements stated

in standards, laws, regulations, Level of education and capabilities of the

user, Production facilities.

Scientific Principles and Technology

Design Information

Product

WorkFeedback

Design Process Evaluation

Level of Perfection

100 % Perfection

Time / EffortImprovement of Level of Design with Time / Effort