an all-time record 97 buildings of 200 meters or higher ... · • the 2097 buildings completed in...

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org

An All-Time Record 97 Buildings of 200 Meters or Higher Completed in 2014

2014 showed further shifts towards Asia, and also surprising developments in building functions and structural materials.

CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2014, and Forecasts for 2015

Report by Daniel Safarik and Antony Wood, CTBUH Research by Marty Carver and Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH

Executive Summary The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) has determined that 97 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater were completed around the world in 2014 – a new record. Further highlights:

• The97buildingscompletedin2014beateveryprevious year on record, including the previous record high of 81 completions in 2011.

• Atotalof11supertalls(buildingsof300metersorhigher) completed in 2014 – the highest annual total on record. Since 2010, 46 supertalls have been completed, representing 54% of the supertalls that currently exist (85). The number of 200-meter-plus buildingsinexistencehashit935,a352%increasefrom 2000, when only 266 existed.

• Thiswasthe“tallestyearever”byanothermeasure:The sum of heights of all 200-meter-plus buildings completedacrosstheglobein2014was23,333meters – setting another all-time record and breaking 2011’s previous record of 19,852 meters.

• Asia’sdominanceofthetall-buildingindustryincreased yet again in 2014. Seventy-four of the 97 buildings completed in 2014, or 76%, were in Asia.

•Onceagain,fortheseventhyearinarow,Chinacompleted the most 200-meter-plus buildings (58). This represents 60% of the global 2014 total, and a 61%increaseoveritspreviousrecordof36in2013.

• ThePhilippinestooksecondplacewithfivecompletions, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar share position three with four completions, and the

United States, Japan, Indonesia and Canada tie for fourth, with three completions each.

• Japanmarkeditsfirstentryintothesupertallstakeswiththecompletionofthe300-meterAbenoHarukasinOsaka,becomingthecountry’stallestbuilding.

• SouthAmericaalsowelcomeditsfirstsupertall,the300-meterTorreCostaneraofSantiago,Chile,whichwas also the only building of 200 meters or greater to complete on the continent in 2014.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0

10

20

30

40

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber

Total Number (Total = 97)

Sum of Heights (Total = 23,333 m)

Note: One tall building 200m+ in height was also completed during 2014 in these countries: Chile, Kuwait, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Vietnam50

14,000

3532503

2

679

5860

13,000

China Qatar UAE UnitedStates

Australia SaudiArabia

TurkeyJapanCanada Indonesia

13,549

800

4

1,115

4 3

712 756

3 3

1,145

2 2402

0

100

0

1

2

3

4

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber

5

66

Tianji

n

Wuha

nWu

xi

Chon

gqing

Guan

gzho

u

Hang

zhou

Nanc

hang

Beijin

g

Chen

gdu

Fuzh

ouHe

fei

Huzh

ou

Qing

dao

Shan

ghai

Shen

yang

Xiame

n

300

500

700

900

1,100

1,300

490

6 m

4

1,221

m

4 880 m

703 m

3 3

605

3 677

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 246

7 m 496 m

462 m

420

576 m

476 m

480 m

571 m

410

2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by Country

1,245

m

2

659 m

Abu D

habi

Doha

4

800

Duba

i

2 456

m

Jakart

a

371

2 m

Maka

ti

2 459

m

2

Mand

aluyo

ng

454 m

1,145

m

New

York

City

456 m

2

Toky

o

679 m

3

Toron

to

3

Philippines

1,143

5

Total Number of Countries = 19

Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 2014 in these cities: Brisbane, Busan, Changsha, Foshan, Haikou, Hanoi, Harbin, Istanbul, Izmir, Jeddah, Jinan, Kuala Lumpur, Kunming, Kuwait City, Liuzhou, London, Manila, Melbourne, Nanjing, Nanning, Nantong, Osaka, Riyadh, Santiago, Shenzhen, Singapore, Taipei, Taiyuan, Zhengzhou

2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by City



Total Number of Cities = 54

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0

10

20

30

40

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber




14,000

3532503

2

679

5860

13,000




13,549

800

4

1,115

4 3

712 756

3 3

1,145

2 2402

0

100

0

1

2

3

4

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber

5

66

Tianji

n

Wuha

nWu

xi

Chon

gqing

Guan

gzho

u

Hang

zhou

Nanc

hang

Beijin

g

Chen

gdu

Fuzh

ouHe

fei

Huzh

ou

Qing

dao

Shan

ghai

Shen

yang

Xiame

n

300

500

700

900

1,100

1,300

490

6 m

4

1,221

m

4 880 m

703 m

3 3

605

3 677

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 246

7 m 496 m

462 m

420

576 m

476 m

480 m

571 m

410


1,245

m

2

659 m

Abu D

habi

Doha

4

800

Duba

i

2 456

m

Jakart

a

371

2 m

Maka

ti

2 459

m

2

Mand

aluyo

ng

454 m

1,145

m

New

York

City

456 m

2

Toky

o

679 m

3

Toron

to

3

Philippines

1,143

5







All building data, images and drawings can be found at endClick on building names to be taken to the Skyscraper Center

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0

10

20

30

40

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber




14,000

3532503

2

679

5860

13,000




13,549

800

4

1,115

4 3

712 756

3 3

1,145

2 2402

0

100

0

1

2

3

4

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber

5

66

Tianji

n

Wuha

nWu

xi

Chon

gqing

Guan

gzho

u

Hang

zhou

Nanc

hang

Beijin

g

Chen

gdu

Fuzh

ouHe

fei

Huzh

ou

Qing

dao

Shan

ghai

Shen

yang

Xiame

n

300

500

700

900

1,100

1,300

490

6 m

4

1,221

m

4 880 m

703 m

3 3

605

3 677

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 246

7 m 496 m

462 m

420

576 m

476 m

480 m

571 m

410


1,245

m

2

659 m

Abu D

habi

Doha

4

800

Duba

i

2 456

m

Jakart

a

371

2 m

Maka

ti

2 459

m

2

Mand

aluyo

ng

454 m

1,145

m

New

York

City

456 m

2

Toky

o

679 m

3

Toron

to

3

Philippines

1,143

5







0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0

10

20

30

40

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber




14,000

3532503

2

679

5860

13,000




13,549

800

4

1,115

4 3

712 756

3 3

1,145

2 2402

0

100

0

1

2

3

4

Sum

of

Hei

ght

s (m

)

Num

ber

5

66

Tianji

n

Wuha

nWu

xi

Chon

gqing

Guan

gzho

u

Hang

zhou

Nanc

hang

Beijin

g

Chen

gdu

Fuzh

ouHe

fei

Huzh

ou

Qing

dao

Shan

ghai

Shen

yang

Xiame

n

300

500

700

900

1,100

1,300

490

6 m

4

1,221

m

4 880 m

703 m

3 3

605

3 677

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 246

7 m 496 m

462 m

420

576 m

476 m

480 m

571 m

410


1,245

m

2

659 m

Abu D

habi

Doha

4

800

Duba

i

2 456

m

Jakart

a

371

2 m

Maka

ti

2 459

m

2

Mand

aluyo

ng

454 m

1,145

m

New

York

City

456 m

2

Toky

o

679 m

3

Toron

to

3

Philippines

1,143

5







2014Completions:200m+BuildingsbyCity

2014Completions:200m+BuildingsbyCountry

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/abeno-harukas/533http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/torre-costanera/521http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=completions-countryhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=completions-city


• Tianjin,China,wasthecitythatcompletedthemost200m+buildings,withsix.Chongqing,Wuhan,andWuxi,China,alongwithDoha,Qatar,alltiedforsecondplacewithfourcompletionseach.

• In2014,47all-officebuildingswerecompleted(48%ofthetotal),thelargesttotalever,versus31(38%ofthetotal)in2011,thepreviousrecordhigh.

Mixed-Use – 26(27%)

Office – 47(48%)

Residential – 19(20%)

Hotel – 5(5%)

Steel – 5 (5%)

Unknown – 2(2%)

Concrete – 37(38%)

Composite – 52 (54%)

Steel/Concrete – 1(1%)

predominantstructuralmaterialisconcretedroppedto38%in2014,from61%in2013.

• All-steelcontinueditsdeclineasaprimarystructuralmaterial,comprisingonly5%of2014’s200-meter-pluscompletionsand13%oftheworld’s100tallestbuildings,thoughitshowedaslightuptickfrom3%in2013.

Key Worldwide Market Snapshots of 2014

Asia (Not including Middle East)Asia’s recent dominance of the tall-building industry increased yet again in 2014. Seventy-four of the 97 buildings completed in 2014, or 76%, were in Asia.

South America – 1(1%)

Asia – 74(76%)

Middle East – 11(11%)

NorthAmerica – 6

(6%)

Europe – 3(3%)

Australia – 2(2%)

• At541meters,OneWorldTradeCenterwasthetallestbuildingtocompletein2014andisnowtheworld’sthird-tallestbuilding.

• Amajorityof2014completionsusedcompositeconstructionastheprimarystructuralsystem–52outof97(54%),ascomparedto24outof71(34%)in2013.Thenumberofbuildingswhose

Once again, for the seventh year in a row, China completed the most 200-meter-plus buildings (58) of any country in the world. This represents 60% of the global total, and a 61% increase over China’s own previous record of 36 in 2013. These buildings were spread throughout 29 cities, including some that were not on the list last year, such as Beijing (two completions in 2014), Shenyang (two) , Wuhan, and Wuxi (four, respectively). Tianjin held the title of most skyscraper completions (six) in China, Asia, and indeed the world, up from two in 2013.

The tallest building to complete in China was The Wharf Times Square 1 in Wuxi, a 339-meter hotel/office complex. It was also Asia’s tallest building and the third-tallest building in the world to complete in 2014.

The Philippines recorded five completions during 2014 – breaking its previous record of four in 2009 – including a twin-towered residential complex called One Shangri-La Place.

TallBuildings200metersorTallerCompletedin2014:byFunction

TallBuildings200metersorTallerCompletedin2014: byStructuralMaterial

TallBuildings200metersorTallerCompletedin2014:byRegion


In addition to two completions in Tokyo, Japan marked its first entry into the supertall stakes with the completion of the 300-meter Abeno Harukas in Osaka, becoming the country’s tallest building.

South Korea lagged behind its nine-building record in 2013, completing just one 200-meter-plus building, the 289-meter Busan International Finance Center Landmark Tower.

AustraliaAustralia had two completions in 2014, the Prima Pearl Apartments in Melbourne and Infinity in Brisbane, after an absence in 2013. Given the number of superlative headlines coming out of Melbourne in particular during 2014, where it seemed every week bore news of another approved or amended skyscraper, this may well be the quiet before the storm.

EuropeEurope didn’t break any records in 2014. The 2013 Mercury City Tower in Moscow remains Europe’s tallest at 339 meters. The tallest building in Europe to complete in 2014 was The Leadenhall Building, London, at 224 meters, which is notable for its angled form, exposed steelwork, and ground-level public space. Absent from the charts in 2013, Turkey made up two of three European completions in 2014, with the Maslak Spine Tower in Istanbul and the Folkart Tower A in Izmir.

Middle East and AfricaThe Middle East had 11 completions in 2014, or 11% of the global total, down from a record 23 in 2011, or 28% of the global total.

The typical leaders of the Middle Eastern pack, the UAE’s dueling municipalities Abu Dhabi and Dubai, flagged somewhat in 2014. Each had two completions, including Abu Dhabi’s 381-meter World Trade Center Abu Dhabi – The Residences, which was the second-tallest building to complete worldwide in 2014. The other building in the World Trade Center Abu Dhabi Complex to complete in 2014, the 278-meter World Trade Center Abu Dhabi – The Offices, entered the charts at number 17. The UAE’s two-year run of having three of the world’s five tallest buildings completed in a given year was broken in 2014 by the incursion of that “other” World Trade Center in New York, and the persistence of construction in China.

Qatar delivered four of the 11 completions in the Middle East, all of which were in Doha, and all of which were within one meters’ height of each other, just barely making the cutoff at 200 meters.

Besides the World Trade Center - The Residences in Abu Dhabi, the other supertall to complete in the Middle East was in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia’s Burj Rafal, clocking in at 308 meters. Kuwait’s 240-meter Crystal Tower also completed.

North America This was a triumphant year for the United States, and particularly for New York. At 541 meters, One World Trade Center, New York, was the tallest building to complete in 2014 and is now the world’s third-tallest. The last time the United States completed a tallest building worldwide was in 2009, when Chicago’s 423-meter Trump International Hotel & Tower debuted. Its 298-meter New York neighbor, 4 World Trade Center,

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

China

12

10

4

UAE

4

2211 1 1

43 3

12

9

3

11

8

4

211

33

111

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

10

4

7

3

5

1415

12

1 1

222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

7

98

9

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

1 1

3

1

3

1

4

87

66

1112 12

16

20 20

14

16

22 2221

37

8

3

22

2

1

2

4

58

3

4

3

Panama City

8

AsiaNot including China or South Korea

23 3

1

5

211 1

2 2

54

5

2

5

34 4

21

34

910

13

8

10

8

1

16

AsiaNot including China

2

43

1

5

211

2 2 2

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

19

13

1

16

21

17

China CurrentTotal:348

United States of America CurrentTotal:169

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

China

12

10

4

UAE

4

2211 1 1

43 3

12

9

3

11

8

4

211

33

111

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

10

4

7

3

5

1415

12

1 1

222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

7

98

9

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

1 1

3

1

3

1

4

87

66

1112 12

16

20 20

14

16

22 2221

37

8

3

22

2

1

2

4

58

3

4

3

Panama City

8


23 3

1

5

211 1

2 2

54

5

2

5

34 4

21

34

910

13

8

10

8

1

16


2

43

1

5

211

2 2 2

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

19

13

1

16

21

17

Australia CurrentTotal:27

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

China

12

10

4

UAE

4

2211 1 1

43 3

12

9

3

11

8

4

211

33

111

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

10

4

7

3

5

1415

12

1 1

222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

7

98

9

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

1 1

3

1

3

1

4

87

66

1112 12

16

20 20

14

16

22 2221

37

8

3

22

2

1

2

4

58

3

4

3

Panama City

8


23 3

1

5

211 1

2 2

54

5

2

5

34 4

21

34

910

13

8

10

8

1

16


2

43

1

5

211

2 2 2

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

19

13

1

16

21

17

Rest of Asia (not including China or South Korea) CurrentTotal:140

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

China

12

10

4

UAE

4

2211 1 1

43 3

12

9

3

11

8

4

211

33

111

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

10

4

7

3

5

1415

12

1 1

222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

7

98

9

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

1 1

3

1

3

1

4

87

66

1112 12

16

20 20

14

16

22 2221

37

8

3

22

2

1

2

4

58

3

4

3

Panama City

8


23 3

1

5

211 1

2 2

54

5

2

5

34 4

21

34

910

13

8

10

8

1

16


2

43

1

5

211

2 2 2

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

19

13

1

16

21

17

South Korea CurrentTotal:48

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

China

12

10

4

UAE

4

2211 1 1

43 3

12

9

3

11

8

4

211

33

111

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

10

4

7

3

5

1415

12

1 1

222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

7

98

9

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

1 1

3

1

3

1

4

87

66

1112 12

16

20 20

14

16

22 2221

37

8

3

22

2

1

2

4

58

3

4

3

Panama City

8


23 3

1

5

211 1

2 2

54

5

2

5

34 4

21

34

910

13

8

10

8

1

16


2

43

1

5

211

2 2 2

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

19

13

1

16

21

17

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

China

12

10

4

UAE

4

2211 1 1

43 3

12

9

3

11

8

4

211

33

111

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

10

4

7

3

5

1415

12

1 1

222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

7

98

9

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

1 1

3

1

3

1

4

87

66

1112 12

16

20 20

14

16

22 2221

37

8

3

22

2

1

2

4

58

3

4

3

Panama City

8


23 3

1

5

211 1

2 2

54

5

2

5

34 4

21

34

910

13

8

10

8

1

16


2

43

1

5

211

2 2 2

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

19

13

1

16

21

17

Europe CurrentTotal:37

All © CTBUH

USA

South Korea

Australia

Europe

Panama

Southeast Asia


12

10

4

Middle East

4

2211 1 1

43

1

3

12

1 11

3

1 1

4

2

5

12

32 2

1 12

6

88

11

88

8

3

11

8

4

21

33

111

7

2

43

4

2111

3

111112

1

11

7

3

16

23

15

1

32

1

3222

43

7 7

34

21

211

2

54 4

5

2

5

8

1099

5

23

12

45

23

9

233

112 2

1

43

1 11 1

2 23

1

5

11

6

2

1

7

1

9

1

1

2

2

1

11

6

112

2

1

2 21

2 2 21

54

5

2

54

7 7

3

1

34

11

14

21

19

13

18

20

1

8

QatarUAE Saudi Arabia

Seoul Busan Other

Panama City

OtherMiddle East CurrentTotal:120

Yearly 200m+ Completions

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/abeno-harukas/533http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/abeno-harukas/533http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/prima-pearl-apartments/1205http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/infinity/8762http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/mercury-city-tower/265http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-leadenhall-building/1194http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/maslak-spine-tower/10105http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/maslak-spine-tower/10105http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/folkart-tower-a/14018http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-rafal/9554http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/crystal-tower/10320http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/trump-international-hotel-tower/203http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/trump-international-hotel-tower/203http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/4-world-trade-center/545


also joined the ranks as the 12th-tallest building to complete in 2014. The completions of these two structures are important milestones in a long and often tortuous rebuilding process after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Meanwhile, midtown New York marked the completion of One57, a 306-meter residential tower. All of these completions point toward a resurgent skyscraper city in New York, which is one of the reasons CTBUH will hold its 2015 conference there. See more here.

In Canada, each of Toronto’s trio of residential tower completions, ranging in height from 200 to 272 meters, has hosted a tour of the intrepid CTBUH Canada Chapter, including a snowbound trudge through the appropriately named ICE Condos at York Centre.

South AmericaSouth America welcomed its first supertall, the Torre Costanera of Santiago, Chile, which was also the only building of 200 meters or greater to complete on the continent in 2014. In 2013, Panama City, technically in Central America, completed two buildings of 200 meters or greater, and in 2011 was the global record-holder, with 10 completions, but rested in 2014.

Completions by FunctionThe decline in the number of all-office buildings completed in each successive year since 1970 appears to have reversed a little in 2014. In 2014, 47 all-office buildings of 200-plus meters’ height were completed, versus 23 in 2013.

The number, though not the proportion, of mixed-use buildings to complete in 2014 also increased, to 26 (27% of the total), up from 22 (31% of the total) in 2013. All-residential buildings made up 20% of completions in 2014, at 19 total.

Completions by Structural MaterialA majority of tall buildings completed in 2014 were of composite construction – 52 out of 97 (54%) as compared to 24 out of 71 (34%) in 2013, while the number of buildings whose predominant structural material is concrete declined to 37 of 97 completed (34%) in 2014, from 43 of 71 (61%) in 2013. The use of steel actually increased a little, to 5% of completions, over 3% in 2013.

The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings: Impact of 2014

In 2014, the number of buildings entering the World’s 100 Tallest list was 13, one more than in 2013. The shortest building on the 100 Tallest list in 2013 was the Columbia Center, Seattle, at 284.4 meters. In 2014, the shortest building became the 291.6-meter SEG Plaza in Shenzhen, having moved down the rung from number 87 to number 100. The average height of buildings in the 100 Tallest list has thus increased to 350 meters in 2014 from 344 meters in 2013 – the figure in 2000 was 285 meters.

The number of office towers in the 100 Tallest ranking continues to decline, with 39 all-office buildings, down from 42 in 2013. In context, as recently as 2000, 85 of the world’s 100 tallest buildings were office buildings.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Hotel Residential

100 tallest buildings by function

Mixed-use Office

1980

89

64

2010

59

5

11

25

1930

87

10

3

1950

88

9

3

1940

883

1960

87

5

1970

87

44

5

1990

89

8

2000

85

123

2014

39

9

36

1636

9

18

Composite

0

20

40

60

80

100

1930

96

1940

98

1950

95

1960

98

1970

89

9

1980

67

11

12

8

2000

41

21

3

31

1990

55

23

3

2010

21

41

334

Steel Concrete

Mixed Unknown

100 tallest buildings by structural material

2014

13

5

43

394

20

40

60

80

10019

30

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2014

3100 98

93 92

51

29

100

20

6 5

79

313 4

43

22 30

36

80

43

11

63

44

3

100 tallest buildings by location

Central AmericaAustralia

Europe

Africa

Middle EastAsiaNorth America

South America

3

World’s 100 Tallest Buildings by location, function, and material © CTBUH

World’s 100 Tallest Analysis

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one57/570http://www.ctbuh2015.com/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/172http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/torre-costanera/521http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/santiagohttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/panama-cityhttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/columbia-center/611http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/seg-plaza/566http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=tallest100-functionhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=tallest100-materialhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=tallest100-region


In the 100 Tallest rankings, 39 buildings were composite construction, vs. 36 in 2013. Despite the somewhat surprising increase in 2014, all-steel continued its decline as a primary structural material, comprising only five of 2014’s completions and 13 of the world’s 100 tallest buildings.

Analysis

What can be made of this skyscraper surge? It could very well be that pent-up demand has returned to real-estate markets after a lull during the recession. Now that six years have passed since the global economic crisis/recession began in 2008, and given the long gestation and construction periods common to tall buildings (see our report from CTBUH Journal 2014 Issue IV for the 14 longest construction periods – some exceed 28 years!), we are almost certainly seeing a post-recessionary recovery.

Clearly, the Chinese juggernaut has not yet run out of steam. The country continues to see new 200-meter-plus completions in cities that previously had few or no such buildings, indicating that the massive plan to urbanize the country – requiring the urban relocation of some 250 million people – is underway. Its effects have begun to percolate into smaller regional cities beyond the first tier of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. It is tempting, but dangerous, to take this as an undiluted sign of economic health, as the Chinese national and regional governments are principal stakeholders in many of these projects, and the “cause and effect” of the situation is not always clear (see the research paper “The Emergence of Asian Supertalls” in CTBUH Journal 2014 Issue IV). Is the government subsidizing tall buildings in order to attract businesses, and in anticipation of future masses, or are business and population needs organically driving growth?

The other major trend that would seem to justify further analysis is the increase in the number of office buildings, something that has not happened since the previous record year of 200-meter-plus completions across the board that occurred in 2011. The use of all-steel structures also increased slightly, which is counter to the overall trend of a steep decline since 2000. These 2014 figures are likely correlated. The reason most office skyscrapers were historically made of steel is due to the spanning capabilities that steel affords the large, column-free spaces office tenants desired. But in the past decade, the use of composite construction, such as outriggers, braced megaframes and concrete-encased steel – most often working in conjunction with a concrete core -- has risen with the increasing number of mixed-use buildings, and has provided the flexibility needed to accommodate all kinds of uses in one building. On its face, then, the small uptick in all-steel use this year seems somewhat anomalous.

The number of all-steel cases is small enough to analyze as a group. All of the buildings have an office component, but two are mixed-use. Three of the five buildings completed are in Japan, which has extremely high seismic requirements. The methods used to satisfy those requirements, such as base isolation and in-plane dampers, are easier to implement in steel. Also, steel has inherent flexural properties superior to that of concrete. The Cathay Life Xinyi A3 building in Taiwan is an office building in a high seismic zone as well. London’s Leadenhall Building, which entirely consists of office space for lease, had many particular site constraints that resulted in prefabrication being selected as the optimal construction method. Steel lends itself to the lifting and adjustment requirements of prefabrication, of course, and the project’s architect, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, is widely known for its use of expressive steel exoskeletons in its work (see the Case Study in CTBUH Journal 2013 Issue II).

Asskyscrapers“surge,”anumberoftallbuildingsenterthe100TallestBuildingslisteachyear.Since2010,atleast12buildingshaveenteredthelistannually.Withhighprojectedsupertallnumbers for 2015 and 2016 completions, it might not be long before we see a year pass the 2011 record © CTBUH

12

13

18

16

4

12

8

6

8

4

8

4

7

12

5

66

5

1

2

4

11

1010

55

8

5

7

12

8

3

55

4

3

7

4

9

11

14

7

9

13

8

14

12

10

6

8

4

2

16

18

Num

ber

of b

uild

ings

ent

erin

g th

e W

orld

’s 10

0 Ta

llest

Bui

ldin

gs L

ist

Number of Buildings Entering the World’s 100 Tallest List by Year

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/cathay-life-xinyi-a3/13041http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-leadenhall-building/1194http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-leadenhall-building/1194http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=entering-tallest


Thoughts on 2015

If anything, 2015 promises to be more active than 2014 and indeed, any year previous. We currently project the completion of between 105 and 130 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater, eight to 15 of which will be supertalls, and one of which will be a megatall – Shanghai Tower. Once again, China is expected to lead by a wide margin. China is on track to complete or top out 106 buildings of 200 meters or greater – that’s 86% of the low-range estimate (105) and 72% of the high end estimate (130).

Here are some of the other developments we’ll be watching closely in 2015:

• New York: Construction of the B2 modular tower at Pacific Park, Brooklyn, stalled in September 2014 due to a legal dispute between contractor Skanska and developer Forest City Ratner as the team struggled with a methodology custom-developed for the project. It

Notes:1. We can predict 2015–2016 building completions with

some accuracy due to projects now in advanced construction. A range is given to indicate the challenging factors in predicting building completion dates.

2. Totals after 2001 take into account the destruction of the World Trade Center Towers 1 and 2.

Tallbuildings200metersortallercompletedeachyearfrom1960to2016,Inset:TotalNumberof200m+BuildingsinExistence©CTBUH

0

20

40

60

80

100

Num

ber

of b

uild

ings

200

m+

com

ple

ted

each

yea

r

10

30

50

70

90

110

120

130

140

1960

1

1963

2

1964

1

1967

2

1968

1

1971

2

1975

4

1976

4

1977

3

1978

3

1979

2

1980

4

1981

3

1984

7

1985

6

1986

8

1987

6

1988

5

1991

13

1994

5

1995

1

1969

3

1

1973

6

1

1974

7

1

1982

5

1

1983

11

1

1989

10

1

1990

15

3

1993

6

1996

9

2

1997

13

2

1998

17

3

1999

13

220

00

23

2

2001

22

1

2002

17

1

2003

31

1

2004

18

1

2005

31

1

2007

32

3

2008

48

4

2009

50

3

2011

81

9

1970

3

2006

27

2

1972

8

1992

19

2010

73

9

1

2014

1

2013

71

1966

1965

1962

1961

2012

1

71

9

1 1

2015

18

15

18

25

130

135

8

11

97

2016

105

110

2

2 6 11 11 15

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2012 2013 2014

1000

147

11

71

5283

266

24

615

50

696

59

767

68 77

838

87

935

21 2 21

2015

3

1,065

1,040

1100

102

105

In the 2013 study (which was conducted before the end of the year so as to release the study at year end), CTBUH projected 73 buildings as having been completed in 2013. That number has been revised to 71 this year, based on the following updates:

The Central Bank of Kuwait was originally listed as having completed in 2013; however, no information since the beginning of 2014 has validated this. The completion date for this building has now been revised to 2015.

The Aiqun Towers (1 and 2) of Guangzhou, China were included in the original 2013 total. Since then it has been determined that the buildings are actually 192 meters high, which removes the buildings from the 200m+ sample.

Added to 2013 Completion List:The ASE Center R2 in Chongqing, China, was completed in 2013 but was not confirmed at the time of the 2013 study. This has now been confirmed, and thus added retroactively to the 2013 completions list.

may not be as soon as January, but the inside word is that the project will be up and running soon, and will complete in 2015.

• Global: The US Department of Agriculture’s $2 million Tall Wood Building Prize Competition will announce the winner in February 2015, who will then go on to construct a wood building based on their design of at least 24 meters’ height. With numerous projects under design and construction, it’s looking like 2015 will be a critical year in the development of this new/old building technology.

• Dubai: The long-planned Burj 2020 is back in action, according to CTBUH insiders. In late 2014, shortlisted architecture-engineering teams were being interviewed, making the claimed start of construction in 2015 seem plausible. If the 660-meter tower’s developers want to keep its original plan to have the highest observation deck, it will have to top the Burj Khalifa’s 555.7-meter perch.

TotalNumberof200m+Buildingsin Existence in Each Decade from 1920 to 2015

Numberofsupertalls(300m+)

Numberof200m+buildings

Projectednumberofsupertalls(300m+)

Projectednumberof200m+buildings

Projectednumberofmegatalls(600m+)

Tall Buildings 200 Meters or Taller Completed Each Year from 1960 to 2016

Numberofmegatalls(600m+)

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-tower/56http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/new-york-cityhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/building/461-dean-street/14897http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=timelinehttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/dubaihttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-2020/16264http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3


• London: Late in 2014, the beleaguered Pinnacle, a mere “stump” since 2011 due to the recession, was promised another lease on life under PLP Architecture and new owners Axa / Lipton Rogers. By April, we expect to see revealed a “fundamental redesign” of the 64-story tower, that provides a larger amount of public space, and will likely eliminate the spiraling shape that Londoners called “the Helter Skelter.”

• Jeddah: The 167-floor, 1,000-meter Kingdom Tower broke ground in June 2013 and reached up to ground level by late April 2014. The first 10 floors had risen by December 2014 – a rate of about 1.25 floors per month. At that rate, by the end of 2015, the 25th floor should be completed. If the building is to complete on schedule in 2019, however, it will have to speed up. At the current pace, Kingdom would just make 85 floors by then.

• Las Vegas: The erstwhile Harmon Hotel, a planned 47-story building, was stopped in 2008, having completed only 26 stories, after it was determined to be structurally unsound due to construction defects. The deconstruction began in June of 2014, and should complete in June 2015. The traditional Vegas-style implosion was eschewed due to its proximity to the surrounding $8.5 billion CityCenter.

• Shanghai: The 632-meter Shanghai Tower will complete in the first half of the year, becoming the tallest building in China and the world’s second-tallest building. The project is also highly anticipated due to its extensive use of double-skin façades and skygardens

• Shenzhen: The 660-meter Ping An Finance Center, set to become China’s tallest, and the world’s second-tallest building on completion in 2016, will likely “top out” at its ultimate height by mid-2015, our sources say. The schedule has remained largely intact, in spite of unexpected delays, such as a 2013 investigation into possible inferior concrete in its supply chain.

• Moscow: The burgeoning Moscow-City complex has begun to pick up pace, after several economy-related delays and at least one fire. The Vostok Tower, at 373 meters the higher of the two Federation Towers, will also become the tallest building in Europe

Adjustments to Previous Figures

The Skyscraper Center, the CTBUH’s database of tall buildings, is the primary source of data for

all of our published studies. We strive to keep The Skyscraper Center as accurate as possible

throughout the year. Inevitably, some information will come to light that was not available at

the time research was concluded for the yearly report. This is because the data needs to be

“frozen” before the year’s end, so that the report and analysis can be delivered in early January

of the next year. This is the case with our Year in Review of 2013, published in early January

2014. The careful reader will note that the reported figure of 73 completions in 2013 has now

been adjusted to 71. The following changes accounted for this adjustment:

Removed from 2013 Completion List (three buildings):

• TheCentralBankofKuwaitwasoriginallylistedashavingcompletedin2013;

however, no information since the beginning of 2014 has validated this. The

completion date for this building now has been revised to 2015.

• TheAiqunTowers(1and2)ofGuangzhou,Chinawereincludedintheoriginal2013

total. Since then, it has been determined that the 200-meter figure attributed to the

buildings was not correct (it was actually 192 meters), which removes the buildings

from the sample, which only includes buildings of 200 meters or higher.

Added to 2013 Completion List (one building):

• TheASECenterR2inChongqing,China,wascompletedin2013butthisinformation

was not confirmed at the time of the 2013 study. This has now been confirmed, thus it

was added retroactively to the 2013 completions list.

About the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat:Founded in 1969, the Council’s mission is to disseminate multi-disciplinary information on tall buildings and sustainable urban environments, to maximize the international interaction of professionals involved in creating the built environment, and to make the latest knowledge available to professionals in a useful form.

The Council is an international not-for-profit organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development and construction professionals. The CTBUH is the world’s leading body in the field of tall buildings and the recognized source of information on tall buildings internationally. It is the arbiter of the criteria upon which tall building height is measured, and thus the title of “The World’s Tallest Building” determined.

For More Information, Contact:Daniel SafarikEditor / Media [email protected]

in 2015, snatching the prize from its 352-meter neighbor, OKO South Tower, which will finish sooner.

• Kuala Lumpur: As of December 2014, the developers behind KL118, formerly known as Menara Warisan Merdeka, said the tower’s foundation work would be completed by the third quarter of 2015. At that point the main contractor will have been identified and the eyes of Malaysians will start training higher to determine KL118’s place in the sky.

• Changsha: Sadly, Changsha’s SkyCity J220, a planned 838-meter, 220-story building to be constructed entirely of prefabricated modules in a space of seven to nine months, appears to have stopped. Even after numerous reports of its cancelation due to regulatory concerns, Broad Group chairman Zhang Yue had vowed the project would continue, but there was no sign of it during a September 2014 visit to the Broad Group campus in Changsha as part of the CTBUH 2014 Conference Regional Tours. However, the tour did observe a 59-story tower under construction, which, if completed, would still likely be the world’s tallest prefabricated building. Whether this will happen in 2015 is anyone’s guess.

The Projected Tallest 10 Buildings to Complete in 2015

Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) FunctionStructural Material

1 Shanghai Tower Shanghai 128 632 hotel / office composite

2 Marina 101 Dubai 101 427serviced

apartments / hotel

concrete

3 432ParkAvenue New York City 85 426 residential concrete

4 Capital Market Authority Tower Riyadh 79 385 office composite

5 EtonPlaceDalianTower1 Dalian 80 383 hotel / office composite

6 Federation Towers - Vostok Tower Moscow 95 373 residential / hotel / office concrete

7 OKO-SouthTower Moscow 85 352 residential / hotel concrete

8 Forum 66 Tower 2 Shenyang 68 351 office composite

9 ADNOCHeadquarters Abu Dhabi 76 342 office concrete

9 Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Dubai 76 342 residential steel/concrete

EuropeNorth AmericaMiddle EastAsia

Click building name to see Skyscraper Center profile

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/londonhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-pinnacle/592http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/jeddahhttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/kingdom-tower/2http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/las-vegashttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-harmon/14093http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/325http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/shanghaihttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-tower/56http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/shenzhenhttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ping-an-finance-center/54http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/moscowhttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/federation-towers-vostok-tower/118http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/157http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type[]=building&status[]=COM&status[]=UC&status[]=UCT&base_region=1&base_country=0&base_city=0&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1960&base_max_year=2016&comp_region=0&comp_country=2&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2016&skip_comparison=on&output[]=list&dataSubmit=Show+Resultshttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/central-bank-of-kuwait/1002http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/349http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ase-center-r2/1618http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/oko-south-tower/363http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/oko-south-tower/363http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/kuala-lumpurhttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/kl118-tower/10115http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/changshahttp://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/sky-city/14297http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=building-list-expectedhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-tower/56http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/marina-101/207http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/432-park-avenue/13227http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/capital-market-authority-tower/8774http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/eton-place-dalian-tower-1/249http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/federation-towers-vostok-tower/118http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/oko-south-tower/363http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/forum-66-tower-2/414http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/adnoc-headquarters/8763http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/ahmed-abdul-rahim-al-attar-tower/348



1 OneWorldTradeCenter New York City 94 541 office composite

2 World Trade Center Abu Dhabi - The Residences Abu Dhabi 88 381 residential concrete

3 TheWharfTimesSquare1 Wuxi 68 339 hotel / office composite

4 WuxiSuningPlaza1 Wuxi 68 328 hotel / office composite

5 Moi Center Tower A Shenyang 75 311 hotel / office composite

6 BurjRafal Riyadh 68 308residential /

hotelconcrete

7 One57 New York City 75 306residential /

hotelsteel/concrete

8 Wuxi Maoye City - Marriott Hotel Wuxi 68 304 hotel composite

9 Heung Kong Tower Shenzhen 61 303 hotel / office composite

10 Torre Costanera Santiago 62 300 office concrete

11 Abeno Harukas Osaka 60 300hotel / office

/ retailsteel

12 4 World Trade Center New York City 65 298 office composite

13 R&FYingkaiSquare Guangzhou 66 296residential / hotel / office

composite

14Busan International Finance Center Landmark Tower

Busan 63 289 office concrete

15 SoochowInternationalPlazaEastTower Huzhou 50 288 hotel / office composite

15 SoochowInternationalPlazaWestTower Huzhou 50 288 residential composite

17 WorldTradeCenterAbuDhabi-TheOffices Abu Dhabi 60 278 office concrete

18 Lotte Center Hanoi 66 272residential / hotel / office

composite

19 AuraatCollegePark Toronto 78 272 residential concrete

20 Fortune Financial Centre Beijing 61 267 office composite

21 PTJInternationalFinanceCenter Wuhan 56 264 hotel / office composite

22 SunnyWorld Center Shenyang 59 260 hotel / office concrete

23 Yuyang Tower Fuzhou 56 260 office composite

24 ChongqingInternationalTrade and Commerce Center 2 Chongqing 47 256 office composite

25 Toranomon Hills Tokyo 52 256

hotel / residential /

office / exhibition /

retail

steel

26 PrimaPearlApartments Melbourne 72 254 residential concrete

27 Raffles Hotel Jakarta 52 253residential /

hotelconcrete

28 ThePakubuwonoSignature Jakarta 50 252 residential concrete

29 Altez@AnsonEnggorStreet Singapore 62 250 residential concrete

30 Center 66 Tower 1 Wuxi 44 250 office composite

31 HaihangInternationalPlazaTowerA Haikou 54 250 hotel / office composite

32 Infinity Brisbane 81 249 residential concrete

33 ChengduInternationalFinanceSquare1 Chengdu 48 248 office composite

33 ChengduInternationalFinanceSquare2 Chengdu 48 248 office composite

35 AsiaPacificTower&JinlingHotel Nanjing 57 242 hotel / office composite

36 Crystal Tower Kuwait City 52 240 office concrete

37 Yuexing Universal Mall Tower A Shanghai 45 240 office composite

37 Yuexing Universal Mall Tower B Shanghai 45 240 office composite

39 DiscoveryPrimea Makati 67 239residential /

hotelconcrete

40 Tsingdao Center Tower A Qingdao 51 238 office composite

40 Tsingdao Center Tower B Qingdao 51 238serviced

apartments / hotel

composite

42 SunnyWorld Center Main Tower Nanchang 53 236 office composite

43 Louvre International Furniture HeadquartersBuilding Foshan 43 236 office concrete

44 The Buildings By Daman Dubai 65 235residential / hotel / office

concrete

45 Ligao International Nanchang 42 232 office concrete

46 SankeePlaza Nanning 50 231 office composite

47 Grand Riviera Suites Manila 57 230 residential concrete

48 BofuInternationalPlazaOfficeTower Changsha 60 228 office composite

EuropeSouth AmericaNorth AmericaMiddle EastAsia Australia


49 OneShangri-laPlaceNorthTower Mandaluyong 64 227 residential concrete

49 OneShangri-laPlaceSouthTower Mandaluyong 64 227 residential concrete

51 Agricultural Science and Technology International Center Harbin 43 226 office composite

52 The Leadenhall Building London 50 224 office steel

53 Al Jawhara Tower Jeddah 48 224 residential concrete

54 The Bay Gate Dubai 53 221 office concrete

55 Knightsbridge Residences Makati 60 220 residential concrete

56 Kunming Iron and Steel Building Kunming 50 219 hotel / office composite

57 Guangdong Development Bank Building Wuhan 51 219 office composite

58 ZhejiangInternationalBuilding Wuhan 48 216 office composite

59 TianjinKerryCenterR1 Tianjin 59 215 residential composite



62 CathayLifeXinyiA3 Taipei 46 212 office steel

63 XindiCenterOfficeTower1 Hefei 50 211 office concrete

64 JushangPlaza Liuzhou 42 211 office concrete

65 CrownePlazaTower1 Chongqing 50 210 hotel concrete

65 CrownePlazaTower2 Chongqing 50 210 hotel concrete

67 KKR2 Tower Kuala Lumpur 37 210 office concrete

68 WallStreetPlaza Nanchang 50 209 office composite

69 Huabang World Trade City Tower 1 Hefei 50 209 office composite

70 HubinPlaza Taiyuan 47 208 office composite

71 HanjiangInternationalTower Wuhan 41 207 office composite

72 Ciputra World Residential Tower Jakarta 49 207 residential concrete

73 GTLandLandmarkPlazaNorthTower Guangzhou 46 207 office composite

74 L Tower Toronto 58 205 residential concrete

75 Wanyin International 2 Hangzhou 43 205 office composite

76 CrossStraitExchangeCenterPhase2TowerA Xiamen 49 205 office composite

76 CrossStraitExchangeCenterPhase2TowerB Xiamen 49 205 office composite

78 Glory International Center Chongqing 45 204 hotel / office Unknown

79 Ice Condos at York Centre 1 Toronto 57 202 residential concrete

80 Maslak Spine Tower Istanbul 47 202residential /

officeconcrete

81 Shenglong Center Fuzhou 44 202 office composite

82 ProvincialCulturalCenterBuilding2 Jinan 48 200 office composite

83 City Center Hotel Doha 58 200 hotel concrete

83 Shangri-La Hotel Doha 58 200residential /

hotelconcrete

85 Dicara Gold Tower - Hilton Hotel Hangzhou 55 200 hotel Unknown

86 Merwebhotel City Center Doha 51 200residential /

hotelconcrete

87 R&F Center Tower 1 Tianjin 47 200 office composite

87 R&F Center Tower 2 Tianjin 47 200 residential composite

89 International Islamic Tower Doha 46 200 office concrete

90 WangjingSOHOT3 Beijing 45 200 office composite

91 WanyinInternational3 Hangzhou 41 200 office composite

92 Golf Hotel Nantong 40 200 hotel / office composite

92 ZhengzhouResourcesCenter Zhengzhou 40 200 office composite

92 Folkart Tower A Izmir 40 200office /

residentialconcrete

95 Binhai Cathay Tower Tianjin 37 200 office composite

96 The Yomiuri Shimbun Building Tokyo 33 200 office steel

97 GuangzhouGreenlandBaiyunCenter Guangzhou 200 office composite

Click building name to see Skyscraper Center profile

All Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2014 (97 no.)

http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/the-wharf-times-square-1/356http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-suning-plaza-1/8701http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenyang/moi-center-tower-a/601http://skyscrapercenter.com/riyadh/burj-rafal/9554http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/one57/570http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-maoye-city-marriott-hotel/5287http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenzhen/heung-kong-tower/505http://skyscrapercenter.com/santiago/torre-costanera/521http://skyscrapercenter.com/osaka/abeno-harukas/533http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/4-world-trade-center/545http://skyscrapercenter.com/guangzhou/rf-yingkai-square/584http://skyscrapercenter.com/busan/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/busan/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-east-tower/9342http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-west-tower/9343http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/hanoi/lotte-center/8752http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/aura-at-college-park/919http://skyscrapercenter.com/beijing/fortune-financial-centre/797http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuhan/ptj-international-finance-center/10470http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenyang/sunnyworld-center/509http://skyscrapercenter.com/fuzhou/yuyang-tower/11162http://skyscrapercenter.com/chongqing/chongqing-international-trade-and-commerce-center-2/767http://skyscrapercenter.com/chongqing/chongqing-international-trade-and-commerce-center-2/767http://skyscrapercenter.com/tokyo/toranomon-hills/12388http://skyscrapercenter.com/melbourne/prima-pearl-apartments/1205http://skyscrapercenter.com/jakarta/raffles-hotel/12573http://skyscrapercenter.com/jakarta/the-pakubuwono-signature/14637http://skyscrapercenter.com/singapore/altez-anson-enggor-street/11523http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/center-66-tower-1/10404http://skyscrapercenter.com/haikou/haihang-international-plaza-tower-a/14866http://skyscrapercenter.com/brisbane/infinity/8762http://skyscrapercenter.com/chengdu/chengdu-international-finance-center-tower-1/9252http://skyscrapercenter.com/chengdu/chengdu-international-finance-center-tower-2/9253http://skyscrapercenter.com/nanjing/asia-pacific-tower-jinling-hotel/13146http://skyscrapercenter.com/kuwait-city/crystal-tower/10320http://skyscrapercenter.com/shanghai/yuexing-universal-mall-tower-a/12692http://skyscrapercenter.com/shanghai/yuexing-universal-mall-tower-b/12693http://skyscrapercenter.com/makati/discovery-primea/10126http://skyscrapercenter.com/qingdao/tsingdao-center-tower-a/8791http://skyscrapercenter.com/qingdao/tsingdao-center-tower-b/8792http://skyscrapercenter.com/nanchang/sunnyworld-center-main-tower/1304http://skyscrapercenter.com/foshan/louvre-international-furniture-headquarters-building/5285http://skyscrapercenter.com/foshan/louvre-international-furniture-headquarters-building/5285http://skyscrapercenter.com/dubai/the-buildings-by-daman/1047http://skyscrapercenter.com/nanchang/ligao-international/14031http://skyscrapercenter.com/nanning/sankee-plaza/14474http://skyscrapercenter.com/manila/grand-riviera-suites/13722http://skyscrapercenter.com/changsha/bofu-international-plaza-office-tower/8985http://skyscrapercenter.com/mandaluyong/one-shangri-la-place-north-tower/11104http://skyscrapercenter.com/mandaluyong/one-shangri-la-place-south-tower/11105http://skyscrapercenter.com/harbin/agricultural-science-and-technology-international-center/11780http://skyscrapercenter.com/harbin/agricultural-science-and-technology-international-center/11780http://skyscrapercenter.com/london/the-leadenhall-building/1194http://skyscrapercenter.com/jeddah/al-jawhara-tower/9503http://skyscrapercenter.com/dubai/the-bay-gate/1232http://skyscrapercenter.com/makati/knightsbridge-residences/9971http://skyscrapercenter.com/kunming/kunming-iron-and-steel-building/9314http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuhan/guangdong-development-bank-building/9978http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuhan/zhejiang-international-building/9784http://skyscrapercenter.com/tianjin/tianjin-kerry-center-r1/11156http://skyscrapercenter.com/tianjin/tianjin-kerry-center-r2/11157http://skyscrapercenter.com/tianjin/tianjin-kerry-center-r3/11158http://skyscrapercenter.com/taipei/cathay-life-xinyi-a3/13041http://skyscrapercenter.com/hefei/xindi-center-office-tower-1/10496http://skyscrapercenter.com/liuzhou/jushang-plaza/13276http://skyscrapercenter.com/chongqing/crowne-plaza-tower-1/1462http://skyscrapercenter.com/chongqing/crowne-plaza-tower-2/1463http://skyscrapercenter.com/kuala-lumpur/kkr2-tower/12534http://skyscrapercenter.com/nanchang/wall-street-plaza/10191http://skyscrapercenter.com/hefei/huabang-world-trade-city-tower-1/14210http://skyscrapercenter.com/taiyuan/hubin-plaza/11879http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuhan/hanjiang-international-tower/10154http://skyscrapercenter.com/jakarta/ciputra-world-residential-tower/12702http://skyscrapercenter.com/guangzhou/gt-land-landmark-plaza-north-tower/11147http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/l-tower/1573http://skyscrapercenter.com/hangzhou/wanyin-international-2/1584http://skyscrapercenter.com/xiamen/cross-strait-exchange-center-phase-2-tower-a/11128http://skyscrapercenter.com/xiamen/cross-strait-exchange-center-phase-2-tower-b/11129http://skyscrapercenter.com/chongqing/glory-international-center/15428http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/ice-condos-at-york-centre-1/11636http://skyscrapercenter.com/istanbul/maslak-spine-tower/10105http://skyscrapercenter.com/fuzhou/shenglong-center/11783http://skyscrapercenter.com/jinan/provincial-cultural-center-building-2/14791http://skyscrapercenter.com/doha/city-center-hotel/1687http://skyscrapercenter.com/doha/shangri-la-hotel/1688http://skyscrapercenter.com/hangzhou/dicara-gold-tower-hilton-hotel/10417http://skyscrapercenter.com/doha/merwebhotel-city-center/1686http://skyscrapercenter.com/tianjin/rf-center-tower-1/11153http://skyscrapercenter.com/tianjin/rf-center-tower-2/11154http://skyscrapercenter.com/doha/international-islamic-tower/9917http://skyscrapercenter.com/beijing/wangjing-soho-t3/13006http://skyscrapercenter.com/hangzhou/wanyin-international-3/10394http://skyscrapercenter.com/nantong/golf-hotel/16015http://skyscrapercenter.com/zhengzhou/zhengzhou-resources-center/17878http://skyscrapercenter.com/izmir/folkart-tower-a/14018http://skyscrapercenter.com/tianjin/binhai-cathay-tower/12384http://skyscrapercenter.com/tokyo/the-yomiuri-shimbun-building/14099http://skyscrapercenter.com/guangzhou/guangzhou-greenland-baiyun-center/14464http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=building-list


2014 Year in Review: In Photographs

2014Tallest#11:AbenoHarukas,Osaka,300meters©HisaoSuzuki

2014Tallest#10: TorreCostanera,Santiago,300meters, ©PabloBlanco

2014Tallest#6:BurjRafal,Riyadh,308meters (cc-by-sa) King Eliot

2014Tallest#7: One57,NewYorkCity,306meters © Daniel Harrison

2014Tallest#1:OneWorldTradeCenter,NewYorkCity, 541 meters © John Cahill

2014Tallest#12: 4 World Trade Center, New York City, 298meters©SilversteinProperties

http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/abeno-harukas/533http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/torre-costanera/521http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-rafal/9554http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one57/570http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/torre-costanera/521http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one57/570http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/abeno-harukas/533http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-rafal/9554http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/4-world-trade-center/545http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/4-world-trade-center/545


2014Tallest#33:ChengduInternationalFinanceSquare1and2,Chengdu,248meters© Wharf Holdings Ltd.

2014Tallest#13:R&FYingkaiSquare,Guangzhou,296meters©GoettschPartners

2014Tallest#14: Busan International Finance Center Landmark Tower, Busan, 289 meters (CCBY-NC)JensOlaf

2014Tallest#18: Lotte Center, Hanoi, 272 meters © 2014 Callison LLC

2014Tallest#32: Infinity, Brisbane, 249 meters © DBI Design

2014Tallest#17: World Trade Center Abu Dhabi - The Offices,AbuDhabi,278meters©Foster+Partners

http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/lotte-center/8752http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/rf-yingkai-square/584http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/876http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/complex/876http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/infinity/8762http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/rf-yingkai-square/584http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lotte-center/8752http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/infinity/8762http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653


2014 Tallest #96: The Yomiuri Shimbun Building, Tokyo, 200 meters © Harunori Noda

2014 Tallest #90: Wangjing SOHO T3, Beijing, 200 meters © Feng Chang

2014 Tallest #79: Ice Condos at York Centre 1, Toronto, 202 meters © Terri Meyer Boake

2014 Tallest #52: The Leadenhall Building, London, 224 meters, © Richard Bryant, Courtesy of British Land/Oxford Properties

2014 Tallest #89: International Islamic Tower, Doha, 200 meters © William Maibusch

2014 Tallest #40: Tsingdao Center Towers A & B, Qingdao, 238 meters © Christian Gahl

2014 Tallest #80: Maslak Spine Tower, Istanbul, 202 meters © iki design group


The 20 Tallest Buildings Completed in 2014

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 =15 =15 17 18 19 20

5Moi Center Tower A

Shenyang, China 311 meters (1,020 ft)

6Burj Rafal

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 308 meters (1,010 ft)

7One57

New York City, USA 306 meters (1,005 ft)

8Wuxi Maoye City –

Marriott Hotel Wuxi, China

304 meters (997 ft)

9Heung Kong TowerShenzhen, China 303 meters (994 ft)

10Torre CostaneraSantiago, Chile 300 meters (984 ft)

11Abeno HarukasOsaka, Japan 300 meters (984 ft)

124 World Trade CenterNew York City, USA 299 meters (977 ft)

13R&F Yingkai Square

Guangzhou, China 296 meters (972 ft)

14Busan International

Finance CenterBusan, South Korea 289 meters (948 ft)

=15Soochow

International Plaza East Tower

Huzhou, China 288 meters (945 ft)

=15Soochow

International Plaza West TowerHuzhou, China

288 meters (945 ft)

2World Trade Center Abu Dhabi – The ResidencesAbu Dhabi, UAE 381 meters (1,251 ft)

3The Wharf Times Square 1Wuxi, China 339 meters (1,112 ft)

4Wuxi Suning Plaza 1Wuxi, China 328 meters (1,076 ft)

1One World Trade Center New York City, USA 541 meters (1,776 ft)

17World Trade Center Abu Dhabi – The OfficesAbu Dhabi, UAE 278 meters (912 ft)

19Aura at College ParkToronto, Canada 272 meters (892 ft)

20Fortune Financial CentreBeijing, China 267 meters (876 ft)

18Lotte CenterHanoi, Vietnam 272 meters (892 ft)

http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=skylinehttp://skyscrapercenter.com/shenyang/moi-center-tower-a/601http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenyang/moi-center-tower-a/601http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenyang/moi-center-tower-a/601http://skyscrapercenter.com/riyadh/burj-rafal/9554http://skyscrapercenter.com/riyadh/burj-rafal/9554http://skyscrapercenter.com/riyadh/burj-rafal/9554http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/one57/570http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/one57/570http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/one57/570http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-maoye-city-marriott-hotel/5287http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-maoye-city-marriott-hotel/5287http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-maoye-city-marriott-hotel/5287http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-maoye-city-marriott-hotel/5287http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenzhen/heung-kong-tower/505http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenzhen/heung-kong-tower/505http://skyscrapercenter.com/shenzhen/heung-kong-tower/505http://skyscrapercenter.com/santiago/torre-costanera/521http://skyscrapercenter.com/santiago/torre-costanera/521http://skyscrapercenter.com/santiago/torre-costanera/521http://skyscrapercenter.com/osaka/abeno-harukas/533http://skyscrapercenter.com/osaka/abeno-harukas/533http://skyscrapercenter.com/osaka/abeno-harukas/533http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/4-world-trade-center/545http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/4-world-trade-center/545http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/4-world-trade-center/545http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/4-world-trade-center/545http://skyscrapercenter.com/guangzhou/rf-yingkai-square/584http://skyscrapercenter.com/guangzhou/rf-yingkai-square/584http://skyscrapercenter.com/guangzhou/rf-yingkai-square/584http://skyscrapercenter.com/busan/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/busan/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/busan/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/busan/busan-international-finance-center-landmark-tower/280http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-east-tower/9342http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-east-tower/9342http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-east-tower/9342http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-east-tower/9342http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-east-tower/9342http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-west-tower/9343http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-west-tower/9343http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-west-tower/9343http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-west-tower/9343http://skyscrapercenter.com/huzhou/soochow-international-plaza-west-tower/9343http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-residences/259http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/the-wharf-times-square-1/356http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/the-wharf-times-square-1/356http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/the-wharf-times-square-1/356http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/the-wharf-times-square-1/356http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-suning-plaza-1/8701http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-suning-plaza-1/8701http://skyscrapercenter.com/wuxi/wuxi-suning-plaza-1/8701http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/world-trade-center-abu-dhabi-the-offices/653http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/aura-at-college-park/919http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/aura-at-college-park/919http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/aura-at-college-park/919http://skyscrapercenter.com/toronto/aura-at-college-park/919http://skyscrapercenter.com/beijing/fortune-financial-centre/797http://skyscrapercenter.com/beijing/fortune-financial-centre/797http://skyscrapercenter.com/beijing/fortune-financial-centre/797http://skyscrapercenter.com/beijing/fortune-financial-centre/797http://skyscrapercenter.com/hanoi/lotte-center/8752http://skyscrapercenter.com/hanoi/lotte-center/8752http://skyscrapercenter.com/hanoi/lotte-center/8752


Years Average2013 3942012 3882011 3742010 3662009 3442008 3392007 3312006 3292005 3272004 3252003 3202002 3172001 3162000 3151999 310

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

100 m

800 m

400 m

500 m

600 m

700 m

2013

2014

200 m

300 m

Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel601 m/1,972 ftMecca

KK100442 m/1,449 ftShenzhen

One World Trade Center 541 m/1,773 ftNew York City

Burj Khalifa 828 m/2,717 ftDubai

Trump International Hotel & Tower 423 m/1,389 ftChicago

Shanghai World Financial Center 492 m/1,614 ftShanghai

Q1 Tower 323 m/1,058 ftGold Coast

Shimao International Plaza 333 m/1,094 ftShanghai

Taipei 101 508 m/1,667 ftTaipei

Two International Finance Centre 412 m/1,352 ftHong Kong

Kingdom Centre 302 m/992 ftRiyadh

Menara Telekom 310 m/1,017 ftKuala Lumpur

Emirates Tower One 355 m/1,163 ftDubai

JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 2 355 m/1,116 ft Dubai

Rose Rayhaan by Rotana 333 m/1,093 ftDubai

The average height of the 100 tallest buildings in existence around the world that year

The average height of all 200m+ buildings completed that year

Years Average2015 3652014 3502013 3442012 3412011 3312010 3232009 3072008 3042007 2972006 2952005 2922004 2902003 2862002 2842001 2832000 2811999 27720

00

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Average - Yearly CompletionsYears Average2015 2452014 2412013 2412012 2502011 2452010 2552009 2302008 2452007 2362006 2372005 2282004 2472003 2332002 2232001 2272000 2431999 246

800 m

400 m

500 m

600 m

700 m

200 m

300 m

2012 Average: 250 meters

71 Buildings

Tallest 100: 341 meters


Tallest 100: 323 meters Tallest 100:

307 metersTallest 100: 304 meters










23 Buildings2002 Average: 223 meters

16 Buildings


18 Buildings


27 Buildings


32 Buildings


48 Buildings


50 Buildings


73 Buildings


81 Buildings


31 Buildings


71 Buildings



97 Buildings


23 Buildings


31 Buildings


The World’s Tallest Building Completed Each Year

The Average Height of the Tallest Buildings
http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=tallest-by-yearhttp://skyscrapercenter.com/building/makkah-royal-clock-tower-hotel/84http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/makkah-royal-clock-tower-hotel/84http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/makkah-royal-clock-tower-hotel/84http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/kk100/173http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/kk100/173http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/kk100/173http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/trump-international-hotel-tower/203http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/trump-international-hotel-tower/203http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/trump-international-hotel-tower/203http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-world-financial-center/131http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-world-financial-center/131http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-world-financial-center/131http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/q1-tower/399http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/q1-tower/399http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/q1-tower/399http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shimao-international-plaza/370http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shimao-international-plaza/370http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shimao-international-plaza/370http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/taipei-101/117http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/taipei-101/117http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/taipei-101/117http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/two-international-finance-centre/205http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/two-international-finance-centre/205http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/two-international-finance-centre/205http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/kingdom-centre/494http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/kingdom-centre/494http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/kingdom-centre/494http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/menara-telekom/453http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/menara-telekom/453http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/menara-telekom/453http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/emirates-tower-one/311http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/emirates-tower-one/311http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/emirates-tower-one/311http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/jw-marriott-marquis-hotel-dubai-tower-2/238http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/jw-marriott-marquis-hotel-dubai-tower-2/238http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/jw-marriott-marquis-hotel-dubai-tower-2/238http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/jw-marriott-marquis-hotel-dubai-tower-2/238http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/rose-rayhaan-by-rotana/369http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/rose-rayhaan-by-rotana/369http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/rose-rayhaan-by-rotana/369http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/rose-rayhaan-by-rotana/369http://skyscrapercenter.com/year-in-review/2014?chart=average-height

an all-time record 97 buildings of 200 meters or higher ... · • the 2097 buildings completed in...

Documents