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AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
IN EDENSOR NOVEL BY ANDREA HIRATA
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial Fulfilment of theRequirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I)
English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education FacultyState Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
By:
M SULKHAN HABIBI113 10 013
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)
SALATIGA
2016
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MOTTO
“Do not blame your past, because the past will never change”
“Every successful person must have a failure. Do not be afraid to
fail because failure is a part of success”
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DEDICATION
This graduating paper is dedicated to:
1. My God Allah SWT who always gives his blessing.
2. My beloved parent, my Mother Sobariyati and my Father Salman, who teach
me to love Allah SWT and knowledge, thank for your sacrifices.
3. My beloved sisters Rofiqotul Asna and Mazida Afia, thanks for your
motivation, kindness, and love.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillaahirrabil’aalamiin, All praise due to Allah, the Most
Gracious and the Most Merciful because of His wonderful blessing and His
Mercy, the writer was finished this graduating paper succesfully. The incredible
blessing made realized that nothing is impossible in the eyes. Thanks for your will
and blessing in my life.
Peace and salutation always be given to our beloved prophet Muhammad
SAW that we hope his blessing in Judgment day.
However, this success would not be achieved without the support,
guidance, advice, help and encouragement from individuals and instituions.
Therefore, the writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to:
1. Dr. Rahmat Hariyadi, M.Pd. as the Rector of State Institute for Islamic Studies
(IAIN) Salatiga.
2. Suwardi, M. Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
3. Noor Malihah, M.Hum, Ph.D., as the Head of English Department and also as
the Counselor, who has allowed me to conduct this research and guided me
patiently in the process of accomplishing this graduating paper.
4. All of my friends in English Department ’10.
5. Thank also to all sides who help me, it is impossible for me to mention one by
one here, for the help, suggestion and guidance.
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Finally, this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide useful
knowledge and information to the readers.
Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
Salatiga, March 12, 2016
The Writer
M SULKHAN HABIBI113 10 013
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................i
DECLARATION ...............................................................................................ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES ...............................................................iii
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION ...............................................................iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................................ix
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research .............................................1
B. Research Questions...........................................................3
C. Objective of the Research .................................................3
D. Limitation of the Problem.................................................3
E. Benefits of the Research ...................................................4
F. Definition of the Key Terms.............................................5
G. Review of Previous Research ...........................................6
H. Outline of the Research.....................................................8
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Semantics Analysis ...........................................................9
B. Figurative Language ........................................................11
C. Use of Figurative Language..............................................17
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
A. Descriptive Qualitative ....................................................26
B. Biography of Author ........................................................27
C. Synopsis of Novel ............................................................30
D. Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................31
E. Technique of Data Analysis..............................................32
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS
A. Using of Figurative Language in Edensor Novel .............33
B. Meanings...........................................................................41
CHAPTER V CLOSURE
A. Conclusion ........................................................................49
B. Suggestion.........................................................................50
C. Contribution of this Research to Language Teaching
...........................................................................................50
REFERENCES
CURRICULUM VITAE
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ABSTRACT
Habibi, Sulkhan. 2016. An analysis of figurative language in Edensor Novel byAndrea Hirata. A graduating paper. English Department of EducationalFaculty State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga. Counselor :Noor Malihah, M.Hum, Ph.D.,
Keyword : figurative language, kinds of figurative language, mean of figurativelanguage
This research is aimed at investigating figurative language in Edensornovel. The result of analysis have assumed 3 researches questions: 1. what aretype of figurative language found in the novel “Edensor”? 2. What is the meaningof figurative language found in the novel “Edensor”? 3. What is theimplementation of the results of this study toward English Language Teaching?.This is descriptive qualitative which the object of the research is any sentencescontaining figurative language in the Edensor Novel. To collecting data there arefour steps: 1. The writer read trough the Edensor novel and read the storycontaining in the novel. 2. Then, the writer searched any expressions usingfigurative language in the novel. 3. The writer took some notes about figurativelanguage and put information needed to figurative language. 4. The writer madethe code about kind of figurative language. The results of this researchdemonstrate that there are 6 types of figurative language in the Edensor novel.There are 20 sentences of simile, 8 sentences of metaphor, 6 sentences ofpersonification, 5 sentences of hyperbole, 1 sentence of synecdoche, and 4sentences of symbol.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research
Language is a systematic instrument of communicating ideas or
feelings by using sounds, gestures, or signs agreed (Brown 2007: 6). So, it
can be said that language is a tool to convey the whole meaning and
intention to others through communication. Language has many varieties,
including spoken and written language. Spoken language does not require
a clear sentence structure. In contrast to spoken language, written language
should use the proper structure in order to make the reader can understand
what the author wished to convey. Thus, a writer needs to consider the
correct structure and grammar.
A written text can be said “good” if the reader can understand what
the writers’ intentions. However, sometimes the author uses words to
embellish his writings in the form of a figurative language which is needed
more understanding to analyze the meaning inside. Affirm that figurative
language is a conspicuous departure from what users of a language
apprehend as a standard meaning of words or the standard order of word,
in order to achieve some special meaning or effect (Abrams, 1999:96).
Good figurative language is word use non in literature sense but of what
the writer’s feel sense, taste, expression, and purpose. Figurative language
has some elements, they are metaphor, simile, personification, paradox,
hyperbole, apostrophe, and metonymy (Kenned, 1983:481).
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The study of the figurative language is included into pragmatics.
Pragmatics involves the rules used for social language. That is the
essential language skill and social knowledge the enable to us understand a
conversation partner’s intended meaning, and respond in an appropriate
manner. In the use of figurative language, it should appropriate with the
circumstances and the person who use that language to convey their
intention through figurative language. Figurative language typically is
used by many poets. The poet uses a figurative language that the listener
or the reader curious about what is to be conveyed by the poet. The poet
also uses a figurative language that listeners or readers will pay more
attention to what is written or delivered by a poet.
Figurative language is also widely used in the form of novel. Novel
is a long story that presents in detail the development of a character or a
large complex social situation or a relationship involving many characters
or a complex event covering many years or complex relationship among a
few characters (Santos, 1965:4). Many novels are known in Indonesia.
One of them is a novel entitled “Edensor” which is one of tetra logy of
Laskar Pelangi written by Andrea Hirata a famous Indonesian Novelist.
Edensor novel is told about a person's education and the struggle to
achieve its goals. In this novel there are many sentences containing a
figurative language. The function of figurative language in the novel is to
make the readers have more concern about the literary work.
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Based on the above explanation the writer is interested in analyzing
the figurative language used in Edensor’s Novel. Therefore the writer is
interested in conducting analysis in the research entitled “AN ANALYSIS
OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ON EDENSOR’S NOVEL BY
ANDREA HIRATA”.
B. Research Question
In this research, the writer would like to focus on the following
problems:
1. What are types of figurative language found in the novel “Edensor”?
2. What are the meanings of figurative language found the novel
“Edensor”?
C. Objectives of the Research
The objects of this research are:
1. To find out the types of figurative language found in the novel
“Edensor”.
2. To analyze the meaning of figurative language found in the novel
“Edensor”.
D. Limitation of the Problem
In the Edensor novel, there are many sentences using figurative
language. This study only focuses on figurative language exist in chapter 1
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through 20 of Edensor novel, because in those chapters there are many
sentences which contain figurative language. In this chapter the writer
almost has 50 sentences of figurative language. Therefore, the discussion
of figurative language in this study does not cover the entire Edensor
novel.
E. Benefits of the Research
The writer expects that the result of this study can give benefits
both for practical and theoretical which described as follows:
1. Practical
a. Teacher
For the teacher, the results of this study hopefully can be a
reference to the material taught in the classroom dealing with
figurative language.
b. Students
For the student, it is hopefully that the results of this study can help
them to increase their understanding about figurative language in
Edensor novel.
c. The writer
For writer, this study can help the writer to increase knowledge
about figurative language and also add the ability to write.
d. The Institutions
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For Institution, the results of this study can give contribute the
material’s development as teaching materials and syllabus.
2. Theoretical
The authors hope that this study may contribute to the
development of literature, especially for students who are interested in
the study of literature.
F. Definitions of Key Terms
The writer clarifies the terms to avoid a mistake in understanding
the above title:
1. Analysis
Analysis is the study of something by examining its parts and
their relationship (Oxford, 1995:38).
2. Figurative language
Abrams (1999:96) affirms that figurative language is a
conspicuous departure from what users of a language apprehend as a
standard meaning of words or the standard order of word, in order to
achieve some special meaning or effect.
3. Novel
Novel has certain messages that delivered by the author to the
reader. Stanton says that novel is a long story that present in detail the
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development of a character or a large complex social situation or a
relationship involving many characters or a complicated event
covering many years or complex relationship among a few characters
(Stanton, 1965:4).
4. Edensor novel
It is an interesting novel written by Andrea Hirata. He is an
Indonesian novelist. His debut novel rainbow troops (know in
Indonesia as Laskar Pelangi) shattered the national sales-record,
making him the bestselling author in Indonesia to date. Reached over 5
million readers and contributed significantly to the development of
modern Indonesian literature. This novel is a continuation of the
Rainbow novel that tells of the struggles of curls and Arai, Africa and
Europe. They resist cultural differences and struggle to achieve the
goals.
G. Review of Previous Researches
In this research, the writer would like to analyze the use of figurative
languages used in Edensor novel. To make sure that this research is
original, the writer would like to present other researches that have close
relation with this study.
The first research is conducted by Rohmah (2007). In her research,
the figurative language that used in Gola Gong’s novel, there are 10 kinds
of figurative language. She also has taken the literary elements of that
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novel. She classified the literary elements into 2 kinds. There were
intrinsic and extrinsic elements. She explained that the novel is the
effective and influential literature.
The second review related to this research by Tyas (2010). In her
thesis, she found that there are 10 figurative expressions in three
categories. They were Comparative, imagery, and contradictory. In other
side, she explained about the message from this movie.
The third research conducted by Marlangen (2011). In her thesis, she
has analyzed that there were 10 figurative expressions in three categories.
They were Comparative, imagery, and contradictory. She also has taken
the denotative and connotative meanings that are used in that movie.
Besides that, this movie explained that it has very important to give the
trust each other especially to relatives.
This research has same theme and objectives with the first research
but not for title. The novel title of the research is Gola Gong’s novel “Bila
Waktu Bicara”.
This research has same theme with the second and third research.
This research is not concern analyzing the figurative language in the
movies but concern in the novel.
H. Outline of the Graduating Paper
Chapter I : This chapter is the Introduction which consist the
explanation of the Background of the Research, Research
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Questions, Objectives of the Research, Limitation of the
Problem, Benefits of the research, Definition of key term,
Review of Previous Research, Research Methodology and
Outline of Paper.
Chapter II : This chapter is the Literature Review which contain of the
explanation based on Theory of Frame Work, Semantic
analysis, Figurative Language, Use of Figurative Language.
Chapter III : This chapter is Research Methodology which includes
Descriptive Qualitative, Biography of the Author, Synopsis
of the Novel, Technique of Collecting Data, Technique of
Data Analysis.
Chapter IV : This chapter is Data Analysis which contains Distribution
of Using of Figurative Language in Edensor Novel, meaning
of figurative language used in Edensor Novel.
Chapter V : This chapter is the Conclusions, the Suggestions and
Contribution of this Research to Language Teaching.
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CHAPTER II
REVEW OF RELATED THEORIES
A. Semantic analysis
Semantic is study of meaning in language (Hurford, Heasley, and
smit, 2007:1). In language learning much meaning is contained in
sentences spoken. Many factors affect in terms of the interpretation of a
sentence delivered. As well as saying "good" with a low tone, the word
containing the word praise. However, if the word "good" is said in a tone
of high intonation, it could mean being angry or sarcastic something
undesirable. Body movement or attitude of bias it also affects something
spoken. As well as saying "good", but with a sullen face, the word is not
possible to be interpreted praise. The word connotes certainly do not like
something.
Meaning is expressed by just one word is utterly wrong and an
obstacle to recognizing the complexities in meaningful expression and in
the meaning expressed (Kreidler, 1998:58). In a sentence or a word, there
are actual earnings or hidden meaning desired. Meaning in a word it also
depends on the words that followed. As I have the money. In the sentence
the word "money" meaning it contains any item or verifiable record that is
Generally Accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of
debts in a particular country. In contrast to the phrase "time is money". In
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the word "money" is not the real meaning of money, but have a sense of
something that is very important and valuable.
Meaning are divided into 2: sekundery and primery (Larson, 1998).
The primary meaning is the meaning of learned since childhood and the
meaning is in the word even when the word is not in a context. Primary
meanings include lexicall, denotative and literal. Meaning on the other
hand, second meaning is often called the secondary meaning. That is the
meaning of linguistic units that can only be identified through the use of
language context. Secondary meanings include grammatical, connotative
and figurative meaning.
Grammatical meaning is the meaning that comes as a result of the
grammatical process. Connotative is another meaning that is added to the
denotative meaning associated with the value of sense of a person or group
of people. As with the first example that has been told, the word "money"
has a real sense or does not come out of existing meaning. Connotation
and the second meaning is the cluster of attitudes that the lexeme may
evoke. In the second example, the word "money" that is not an actual
meaningful but out of the usual rules of meaning. As with the first
example that has been told, the word "money" has a real sense or does not
come out of existing meaning. Connotation and the second meaning is the
cluster of attitudes that the lexeme may evoke. In the second example, the
word "money" that is not an actual meaningful but out of the usual rules of
meaning.
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In this study, the writer chose to analyze figurative language used
in Edensor novel by Andrea Hirata. The writer discussed in detail about
figurative language in the following section.
B. Figurative Language
Figurative language can be called figure of speech. It is s change
from the ordinary manner of expression, using words in other than their
literal sense to enhance the way a thought is expressed. According to Wren
and Martin (1995:297), figure of speech is a departure from the ordinary
form of expression, or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a
grater effect. Figure of speech conveys meaning that cannot be expressed
exactly. In other ways, they convey the great deal in a shorter time that
would otherwise be possible, and they are immediate because they embody
the meaning in imagery instead of expressing it abstractly (Potter,
1967:56-57).
It is often associated with literature and with poetry in particular.
However the fact is, whether the people are conscious of it or not, the
people use figure of speech every day in their writing and conversations.
Using original figures of speech in writing is a way to convey meaning in
fresh, unexpected ways. Figures can help the reader understand and stay
interested in what they have to say. For example, common expressions
such as “falling in love”’ “racking our brain”, “hitting a sales target”, and
“climbing the leader of success” are all metaphor.
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Figurative language is not intended to be interpreted in a literal
sense. Appealing to the imagination, figurative language provides new
ways of looking at the world. It always makes use of a comparison
between different things. Figurative language compares two things there
are different in enough ways so that their similarities, when pointed out,
are interesting, unique and or surprising.
Figurative language is expressed by means of metaphor or other
figure of speech. Figurative language is addicted to or abounding in
figures of speech (Webster, 1994:350).
1. Types of Figurative Language and Their Meaning
There are 7 kinds of figurative language expressions. Although
each expert has their own definition about type of figurative language,
but they share the same essence.
a. Simile
Simile is a comparison between two objects or objects of
different types, but it has a point in common. Simile usually marked
with the word: like, as, so, Appear, seem, more than (Siswantoro,
2002: 24). According to wren and martin (1981:480) simile is as a
comparison made a comparison between two objects of different kind
which have, however, at least one point in common. Siswantoro
(2002:25) gives examples of simile in (1a).
(1a) My love is like a red, red rose,
That’s newly sprung in June.
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(1b) My mother plant red rose.
Example (1a) is to use the sentence that contains connotative
because it uses sentences that are not real. In these examples the
authors want to express that the red rose is not the real flower. But the
characteristic of the blooming red rose is compared to love. The red
rose in (1b) mean the real flowers and rose whish were planted by
mother.
b. Metaphor
Metaphor is like a simile. Metaphor also compare between
objects that have a common point, but without the use of certain words
such as: like, axles, etc Siswantoro (2002:27).
The general term that be will use for the figure of speech that
make up figurative language is metaphor, much as the term imagery,
which narrowly rivers to visual phenomena, is nevertheless used to
cover other sense impressions as well (Potter, 1967:53). The basic
process of metaphor is the comparison of things that are largely
dissimilar, but have at least one characteristic in common. The
metaphor process is that something is being compared, explicitly or
implicitly to something else. Metaphor is inherent not only in
imaginative literature but in all speech and writing because of its
precision, economy, and immediacy as well (Potter, 1967:56).
Kennedy (1983:482) affirms metaphor is a statement that one
thing is something else, which, in literal sense, it is not. It does not use
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connective words such as like or as. A metaphor is used as a figure of
speech to similar an object or person to another object or person, based
on certain similar qualities that both possess. Through a direct
comparison, this is a type that is not applicable literally. The use of
metaphors however, intensifies the significance of what is being said.
Siswantoro (2002:27) gives examples of metaphor in (2a).
(2a) He was a lion in the fight.
(2b) I see the lion in the forest.
Example (2a) he acted a like a lion. Lion in (2b) is actually
person having similar qualities to the icon itself. However in example
(2b), lion show a denotative meaning because it real to a wild animal,
that is the king of jungle.
c. Personofication
Personification is the depiction of inanimate objects or not
human either invisible or abstract which are treated as if they were
humans Siswantoro (2002:29). According to Frederick (1988:48),
Personification is a figure that bestows human traits on anything non-
human; it gives the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object
or a concept. Siswntoro (2002:27) gives examples of personification in
(3a).
(3a) The old train crept along the narrow path.
(3b) My baby starts to crept.
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Example (3a) contains connotative meaning because the author
wants to convey on an old train which crawled slowly along the
narrow road. Heared that the train was treated like an old man with the
word "crept". Example (3b) slims denotative meaning because the
word “crept” is the real meaning of activity done by a baby who is
learning to crept.
d. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is used by the poet in the portrayal of objects, ideas
and others to give weight to excessive pressure to obtain intense effects
Siswantoro (2002:34). According to Wren and Matin (1981:491)
hyperbole statement is made emphatic by overstatement. According to
Perrine (1963:91) Hyperbole is simply exaggeration, but exaggeration
in the service of truth. Siswantoro (2002:34) gives example of
hyperbole in (4a).
(4a) I am able to fill it with tears.
(4b) She laughed to tears.
In example (4a) the word tear mean the real tear coming out
from one’s eye. It shows connotative meaning representing an effort
done by “I” in filling it (the river). On the other hand, the word tear in
(4b) refers to the real want coming out from one’s eyes. This (4b)
slims a denotative meaning.
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e. Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a style that is reflected in the packaging portion
manifestations, but already includes a whole Siswantoro (2002:39).
Most of something already covered for all cases mentioned.
Siswantoro (2002:39) gives example of synecdoche in (5a).
(5a) He has many mouths to feed.
(5b) He talks with her mouths.
The word mouth in (5a) slims a connotative meaning,
especially means of manifestation of the people. The people mouths
told is probably his family at home. On the other hand, moth in (5b)
show part of one’s body to eat or to speak, this is denotative meaning.
f. Paradox
Paradox is part of a style that uses contradictory phenomenon,
but if examined actually show the truth Siswantoro (2002:41).
According to Perrine (1974:649) paradox is an apparent contradiction
that is nevertheless somehow true. Siswantoro (2002:39) give example.
(6a) The poorest man is the richest, and the rich are poor.
(6a), Shows a contradiction between the “poorest” and the
“riches” which are actually true.
g. Symbol
Symbol is something more that we can catch Siswantoro
(2002:43). According to Perrine (1974:628) a symbol may be defined
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as something that means more than what is it. Siswantoro gives
example in (7a).
(7a) Some dirty dogs stole my wallet at the bus.
(7b) A black dog is rubbing its back again a wall.
Example (7a) shows a symbol used to present a thief in the
form of “dirty dog”. So, it is not actually the dogs which are dirty. But
it symbolizes the thief’s behavior which is like a dirty dog. While in
(7b), the black dog refers to dog as an animal which is black.
C. Use of Figurative Language
Figurative language comes in creative writers using metaphor,
analogy, symbols and more to stir the reader's imagination and bring out
the emotion and understanding that can't be expressed by the words
dictionary meaning alone.
Generally, figurative language is used to improve the speech with
artificial language. It makes the sentence more interesting, fresh, and more
obvious. This the way of the writer to use language as the device to
expressing and the hidden feeling thought. Figurative language makes
literary work more meaningful. In addition, it also can avoiding monotony
on the characteristic and make easily get bored. This is can use for the
reader or writer to explain their idea.
Figurative language in literature has a very important role in the
creations of the image of the literary work, because the beauty of the
literary work can be supported with the use of figurative language.
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Figurative language in literary works can bring up and develop an
appreciation of the reader. Readers can enter in a literary work with the
figurative language being used.
According to Nurgiyantoro (2009: 297), the use of figurative
language or heating may generate impressions and a certain atmosphere, a
certain sensory responses and embellish the narrative, which means
supporting the goals of aesthetic literature. Similarly, the use of figurative
language plays a role in the delivery of a person's intent. Sometimes a
person can be different interpretations of the intent expressed through
stylistic others. Sayuti (1985: 124) add that Figurative language is a means
or a tool to clarify the description of the idea, concretize an idea and grow
a new perspective through comparative.
According to Pradopo (1993: 62), the presence of figurative
language can make a literary work into attracting attention, life, and lead
to wishful picture clarity. Function is figurative language to describe
something in literature to be clear, vivid, intense, and exciting. The use of
figurative language can be aimed at generating impressions and a certain
atmosphere, a certain sensory responses, as well as embellish the narrative,
which means that support the goals of literary works. Thus, the functions
arising from the use of figurative language is diverse but all the functions
it still aims to build aesthetic values in literature.
According to Perrine (1978), figurative language has several uses.
First, the writer can say what he wants to say more vividly and forcefully
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by figures than he can by saying it directly. Second, figurative language is
another way of adding extra dimensions to language. Third, imaginative
figurative language affords us pleasure. Fourth, it is a means of
concentration, a way of saying much in brief compass.
Narrative used in everyday life can also be found using forms of
figurative language, but its function is different in the use of figurative
language in literary works. If the narrative of everyday use of figurative
language serves to accelerate understanding, due to the use of a common
form of usage of the literary figure of speech actually slow
comprehension. This caused other forms of figure of speech used in the
literature is the new forms, and the authors are free to choose figure of
speech according to the needs, tastes, and creativity.
According to the opinions that have been mentioned, it can be
concluded that there are several different functions of figurative language
in literature. So that the functions of figurative language in the study of
this theory is to concretize, clarify the picture, emphasize the narrative or
emotion, turn the picture, evoke certain impressions and atmosphere,
shorten the writing and the narrative and describe the feelings of
characters. The discussion about the functions of the figurative language
can be seen as follows.
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a. Concretization
Picture painted concrete function author is abstract, alien or
something less plausible, so the authors take the comparison a
more familiar or easier to be understood, concrete or real.
According to Parrine (1989: 26) states that the figure of speech is
quite effective in conveying the intention of the author, because the
figure of speech can be concretely something abstract. According
to Waluyo (1987: 81), concrete is used to describe a painting
circumstances or moods with the intent to arouse the imagination
of the reader. Poet trying to concretize words meaning is sought in
order to come to a comprehensive sense. Asmara (1955:38) gives
an example of concretization in (1a).
(1a) Endra min’s more widespread, extending away on
everywhere.
(1b) Harto garden’s even more widespread since buying his
neighbors.
Example (1a) is a metaphor that serves to concretize
picture. Abstract mind is something that cannot be seen and not the
form but as if the mind can be held or seen by humans. Endra
erratic mind as if it could change shape like a rubber which can be
elongated. Rubber is an elastic thing which can be wide, whereas a
person's mind if much of an issue mind expanding. And example
(1b) explains the real thing, that Harto has a very large garden.
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b. Clarify the picture
According to Suyuti (1985: 124), figurative language is a
tool or a means to clarify the picture. According to Badrun (1989:
26), figurative language is an effective way to express things
clearly. Function of clarify the picture, which depicted the poet is
something that is unusual or might happen in real life, so the
picture than to be clear and more real (Sayuti, 1985: 98). Asmara
(1955:17) gives an example of clarify the picture in (2a).
(2b) Susilawati entered the room and make everyone
stunned, all eyes are on his.
(2b) The man's eyes glanced to Susilowati.
Example (2a) contains synecdoche which serves to clarify
the pictures is called the parts to the whole. Eyes is one of the
members of the human body to refer to all members. That is people
who are in the room. Figurative language is used to explain the
picture is clear that the views of all those heading to Susilawati as
impressed by his beauty. The use of all eyes refer to all members of
the body that people see Susilawati. And example (2b) words eyes
have real meaning. The eyes are one of the senses that point to see
something.
c. Emphasizes narrative and emotion
Functions of figurative language in the study of this theory
to emphasize the narrative in this study are the hyperbolic figure of
22
speech. According to Badrun (1989: 49), hyperbole can be used to
intensify statement or emotion. Something that exaggerates be
impressed emphasize the narrative so that the reader can imagine
through excessive impression that despite the fact that it was not
possible. Asmara (1955:15) gives an example of Emphasizes
narrative and emotion in (3a).
(3a) Endra started difficult and sad, he quiet and dreamy to
touch the sky.
(3b) The night sky is very dark as it is covered by clouds.
Example (3a) contains hyperbole serves to determine the
narrative. Obviously not possible mind can touch the sky. That
mind everywhere so disclosed to touch the sky. In the example (3b)
word sky has a real sense. In this example we are told that there
will be rain. Under mending sky is thick and the stars are covered
by clouds.
d. Turning on the picture
Function to turn an idea to the study of this theory is widely
used in the personification figure of speech. The poet deliberately
allegorized what he described with human traits, so that the picture
seems to be alive and more interesting. According to Pradopo
(1993: 75), personification indeed functioned to turn something
lifeless. That is giving an overview to something inanimate to the
animate such as humans, so all could do as was done by humans
23
who were created as animate beings. So that is an inanimate object
seems to be alive. Asmara (1955:19) gives an example of turning
on the picture in (4a).
(4a) Looking at the mist shrouded Mount Merapi, which
looking like a giant sitting.
(4b) Mount Merapi is one of the mountains that are active
in Indonesia.
The example (4a) contains a personification of that function
to turn something lifeless. Mount Merapi is an inanimate object as
if it can act like a man that is covered and sits like a giant. And the
example (4b) tells us that there are many mountains are active in
Indonesia and one of them is someone Mount Merapi.
e. Evokes impressions and a certain atmosphere
Figurative language has a function to generate impressions
and a certain atmosphere, for example, it was quiet, eerie,
romantic, busy, and so on. The use of figurative language would
give the impression of purity, freshness, even shocking, and
therefore become effective (Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 297). Asmara
(1955:10) gives an example of evokes impressions and a certain
atmosphere in (5a).
(5a) All the guests clapped and cheered repeatedly until his
voice would tear down the building SGA.
24
(5b) When the tsunami in Aceh, many buildings collapsed
because of exposure to sea were struck.
In the example (5a) these quotations contain a simile which
serves to evoke an impression or a certain atmosphere that bustling
atmosphere. The functions contained in the phrase voice will tear
down the building as SGA. The phrase describes the atmosphere in
the building at the time before the show begins. Guests cheered and
clapped loudly that made the atmosphere lively. And the example
(5b) expression of the building collapsed is the true meaning and it
is caused by the presence of sea water that rose to the mainland
Aceh.
f. Shorten the narrative and writing
Figurative language has a function to shorten the narrative.
That is stating something mean by language shorter. According to
(Waluyo, 1987: 83), figurative language is a way to present a lot
and spacious with a brief language. Figurative language can be
used to summon something with dimensions much in the form of
the shortest (Sayuti, 1985: 75). Thus, the author can save the use of
words or obtaining effectiveness of the use of the word. Asmara
(1955:71) gives an example of shorten the narrative and writing in
(6a)
(6a) We should give thanks to Allah, may we always
remember and be grateful that our sins are forgiven.
25
The example (6a) contains a metonymy that serves to
shorten the writing and the narrative that is the word of Allah. The
author uses the word Allah so impressed shorten the writing of
which is to replace God in his mercy.
g. Depict a feeling of character
Figurative language can serve to describe the feelings of
characters. The author is utilizing figurative language to describe
the shape of the inner state of characters such as happiness or
distress. According to (Waluyo, 1987: 99), the language is a way to
increase the intensity of the feeling of the poet and convey the
attitude of the poet. Asmara (1955:35) gives an example of depict a
feeling of character in (7a).
Example:
(7a) When I see the pain, my heart like a revoked his life’s.
(7b) He is a child who is revoked of his life by robbers.
The example (7a) contains a simile which serves to describe
the feelings that appear on said revoked his life. The simile likens
lost heart like his life is revealed touched and sad feelings .and the
example (7b) word revoked his life a real meaning. Here are
robbers who were robbing a bank and kill children who become
prisoners.
26
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter the writer discussion the research methodology including
general methodology, biography of the author, synopsis of the novel, technique of
collecting the data, and technique of data analysis. Furthermore, it will assist the
author in collecting the data in chapter IV. In this chapter include qualitative
descriptive.
A. Descriptive Qualitative
The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method.
According to Van der voordt (2002:5), descriptive research is about
describing how reality occurs. Descriptive research focuses not only on
collecting data, but also focuses in the meaning of the data that has been
taken.
Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces
descriptive data in the form of speech or writing and behaviors of people
are observed. A qualitative approach is expected to generate the
descriptions depth of speech, writing, or behavior, that can be observed
from an individual, group, community, or certain organizations in a setting
particular context studied from the point of view of the whole,
comprehensive, and holistic. Qualitative research aims to understanding of
the general nature of the social reality. That understanding is not
determined in advance, but obtained after conducting an analysis of the
social reality focus of research.
27
B. Biography of Author
The author of this novel is Andrea Hirata Seman Said Harun. He
was born on the island of Belitung October 24, 1982. He is the fourth child
from Seman Said Harunayah dan NA Masturah. He was born in a poor
village and is located on the remote and isolated island. Lived in a village
with all the limitations of his personal influence is quite small. He's got a
lot more motivation of the circumstances surrounding the condition was
alarming.
Andrea Hirata actually is not the name of a gift from his parents.
Since birth he was named Aqil Barraq Badrudin. Then, he replaced his
give name with the new name Wadhud. However, he still felt burdened by
that name. Then he changed his name back into Andrea Hirata Seman Said
Harun.
Hirata is taken from the name of the village and not the name of
the Japanese people as he seemed. He is a genuine teen Belitung which
began to bear the name of Andrea Hirata. He grew up as the village child
in general. With all the limitations, he remained a cheerfully child who
sometimes become a thinker while studying at school. In addition, he also
often has dreams in the future.
As recounted in the Rainbow novel (Laskar Pelangi), little Andrea
learn that conditions in schools that was very unfit for use.
Muhammadiyah elementary school named is recognized Andrea really
very alarming. However, funding constraints, he was forced to go to
28
school the place like a cattle pen. He has to learn in buildings that are not
comfortable. He has a pretty big motivation in terms of learning. At school
that he met with friends dubbed the Rainbow Warriors.
He admired Miss Muslimah as one of inspiration in his life. Being
a writer he claimed because the figure of a Miss Muslimah. Since the third
grade of elementary school, Andrea has completed the determination of his
to become a writer depicting Miss Muslimah as a teacher. "When I grow
up, I will write about Miss Muslimah" said Anggun singer's fans. Since
that time, Yates never ceases to learn to write stories.
After Andrea becoming a famous writer. He is very busy with
writing activities and speakers in events concerning the world of literature.
Her income also includes the highest as a writer. However, some parties
had doubts about the content of the Rainbow novel (Laskar Pelangi)
deemed excessive. "This is a novel, so it's normal if there is a story that is
slightly revamped" said Andrea. He also had a dream of living in Kye
Gompa. It is the highest village in the world, located in the Himalayas.
Success as a writer certainly makes Andrea proud and happy over the
result of his hard work over the years.
Andrea felt proud and happy because Laskar Pelangi appointed as
a movie by Mira and Riri Riza. "I believe in their abilities" says Andrea.
Moreover film camp of the rainbow was watched by the president to 6. He
is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
29
Being a famous novelist might not be imagined by Andrea Hirata
little time. Striving to the achieve higher education course very difficult
time of it. But, with struggle and toil endlessly, Andrea can success as the
author tells the story of her childhood filled with flaws.
C. Synopsis of Novel
This novel is a continuation of the novel of the Dreamer (Sang
Pemimpi). The novel tells about the trip of Ikal and Arai in Europe and
Africa. Down the cultural differences, the adventure of love and the old
dream is still hidden.
A baby born premises name Aqil Barraq Badrudin. He was the four
child of his parents. Actually, when it contains her mother wanted a
woman, because of her four children were boy.
Although it is bear a beautiful name. Aqil Barraq Badrudin. But, it
turned into a very naughty boy, and often makes mischief. This often
makes his parents become dizzy.
First suddenly changed with the presence of a girl named A Ling.
Everyone was surprised by the changes that happen to Ikal. He was
behaving like a man who was drink romance after meeting with A Ling.
After that, Ikal and Arai lived together in the future Belitong to
high school level. Then Ikal was a student in Bandung and Arai is a
student in Kalimantan. After that they were together again after following
the selection tests scholarship to Europe. Unexpectedly, they turned out to
30
be equally got a scholarship from the European Union to continue S2 at
the Sorbonne, Paris, France.
Arai and Ikal took nearly 16 hours of travel from Indonesia to the
Netherlands. Arriving in Holland, they both picked up a flawless charming
woman. She was Mrs. Famke Somers. She drove him to a rented flat
where they would stay. Unfortunately, due to a misunderstanding they
both were expelled from these places and spend the first night in the city
park in the middle of the cold that pierced the body.
After a time, the lecture begins. They were brought together people
of various nationalities. Ikal met a German girl. She is Katya. She has
perfect form. Katya then established love with Ikal. However, his love for
A Ling made Ikal could not undergo the story longer. He finally decided to
be friend with Katya. Ikal is very loving A Ling. Unfortunately he did not
know the whereabouts of the line eyed woman. She could be in Singapore,
in Africa or even Europe.
In the course of their college years, Ikal and his friends tell so
bored, so they decided to go around Europe for 3 months. The one were
able to surround the State was the winner. The bet was actually made to
find A Ling. They started the journey from the Netherlands. With Arai, he
managed to circumnavigate some beautiful countries in Europe.
Unfortunately, Arai get a problem whit his respiratory disease. So he
should go home to Indonesia. Finally Ikal decided to return to his
apartment in France. He was welcomed by the news that the tutor would
31
be retiring soon and he was advised to go with him to a place called
Sheffield in England.
Ikal was on the way in Seffield by bus. He enjoy the views through
the window for an hour. Then bus climbed a high hill. On the way he
passed a very beautiful village and decided to stop. He was still amazed
that it has been able to dream he saw with his own eyes. As if in disbelief,
then Ikal asked someone to tell the name of the place. He replied "sure lof,
it's Edensor ...".
D. Technique of Collecting Data
Procedure of collecting data was using technical documentation.
So, the writer requires the note for records to collect data. Here are the
procedures of collecting data that had been used by the writer:
1. The writer read trough the Edensor novel and read the story containing
in the novel.
2. Then, the writer searched any expressions using figurative language in
the novel.
Example:
The first time I saw her, or her nails, to be exact, I felt as if I had been
embraced by the current of the Linggang River, Swam together with
dolphins, and the been picked up by millions of fireflies and flown
toward the stars.
3. The writer took some notes about figurative language and put
information needed to figurative language.
32
Example:
The first time I saw her, or her nails, to be exact, I felt as if I had
been embraced by the current of the Linggang River, Swam
together with dolphins, and the been picked up by millions of
fireflies and flown toward the stars. Simile
4. The writer made the code about kind of figurative language. That
was Simile (Sim), Metaphor (M), Personification (P), Hyperbole
(H), Synecdoche (Syn), symbol (sym) and Paradox (P).
E. Technique of Data Analysis
The writer used the technique in collecting data documentation.
Then the writer analyzed the data obtained. To represent the data analysis,
the writer used procedures below:
1. The writer rewrites the sentence of figurative language contained in
Edensor novel.
2. The writer classified then paraphrased the meaning of the sentences
from figurative language containing Edensor novel in a denotative/
real meaning.
3. The writer explained the implementation of the results of sentence
of figurative language toward English Language Teaching.
33
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer answers all the problems that exist in the
problem statement started in Chapter I. The writer explores what figurative
language are used by Andrea Hirata in Edensor novel, lest of figurative language,
mean of figurative language and the implementation of in language teaching.
A. Using of Figurative Language in Edensor Novel.
From the novel, the writer found several figurative language used
in various away. The figurative language show in table 4.1
Table 4.1 the figurative language in Edensor Novel.
No The Kind ofFigurative Language
Example OfFigurative Language
Code
1Similes
Then a terrible illnesschanged his live. Hegot a hernia, adreadful one thatcaused his scrotum towell up like a balloon,to the point he waslimping.
1/Sim/2
“so stubborn! Jus likeyour mother!”
2/Sim/2
“so stubborn!”“You are stubborn!Jus like your mother!”“You could have diedfor no reason!”
3/Sim/6
“So that is yourmom’s character foryou, if you wanted toknow! Hard as a wire!I was various!”
4/Sim/18
During fasting month,I use crowbar to put
5/Sim/21
34
holes in some bamboobooks, then filled themup with water andcarbide an aimed themtoward the windows ofthe mosque while theentire village did theirtarawih prayer. Thecarbide gascompressed inside thenarrow bamboo holeboomed like a cannonafter I lit the fuse. Thecongregationscattered.There was no perfectposition for him totake. He was likeAbraham beingordered by god toslaughter his childIsmael.
6/Sim/26
Aria, Weh And MakBirah were for me likeOscar Reutervard’simpossible trianglewith dimensionsdifficult to translate,with angles full ofanomalies.
7/Sim/37
I felt like a squirrelbusily carrying itsnuts, a turtle shrinkingwithin its carapace, ora snail hiding behindits shell.
8/Sim/46
Within the warmconfines of SchippolAirport, we had noidea that the coldoutside would be asfierce as a ferociouswild animal’s bide.
9/Sim/56
It was definitelyDutch, since the soundwere all formed in the
10/Sim/62
35
throat, has like athundering bear. Thatdreett noise roared outagain, then it wentquite.Simon was very talland whiskery, relaxedbut scary, sitting withhis head bent over atable like a scavengerbird hovering over itsprey.
11/Sim/63
I was stunned to see ablack figure, vaguelycovered by fog,soaring high in the skylike a ghost.
12/Sim/78
The Eiffel tower waslike a great lady.
13/Sim/78
Marcus tie and jacketcomplete as Harvardalumni attendinginterviews for animportant position inMicrosoft. Christianwas like Spidermanwhile being ordinary.
14/Sim/104
Katya was still like ano-man’s land atoll inthe Pacific: beautiful,contested but unableto be owned byanymore.
15/Sim/107
There we were jokinglike one family
16/Sim/112
I stepped along like adecrepit woodenskeleton.
17/Sim/126
"What I said before!Any word from mefirst! Right! The
18/Sim/127
36
influence of money islike whistling iblis! "
Out teeth chatteredlike percussion bones.Our finger and toeswrinkled and sitting.
19/Sim/67
The sun blazeddirectly overhead. Thehead cookedmercilessly, asphaltmelted. My stomachwas empty, my throatdry. I stepped alonglike a decrepit woodenskeleton.
20/Sim/39
2 Metaphor
The shark drew close,grey giants that wereplainly far larger that Ihad imagined. Theyare the elephants ofthe sea.
1/M/6
Night crept. The acedemon of the northpole began to prowl. Itset about biting ourearlobes, whistling,and then clawingagainst our cheeksbefore penetrating ourbodies, stabbing ourbones, freezing solidtheir marrow.
2/M/67
Night crept. The acedemon of the northpole began to prowl. Itset about biting ourearlobes, whistling,and then clawingagainst our cheeksbefore penetrating ourbodies, stabbing ourbones, freezing solidtheir marrow.
3/M/67
He was all right. He 4/M/101
37
signaled his assent byswaying his headrhythmically.His eyes were those ofa baby, too. His roundeyes seemed to alwaysbe smiling.
5/M/102
The battle was over!Cease fire! Katya wasfound her choice. Oola la, Who could havebeen the lucky knighton a white horse? Hemust have beenhandsome andsplendid.
6/M/113
In Surbone every day Ipoisoned sciencethough I were likechildren who slumpedchasing quail parentgrouse.
7/M/103
Katya subtle nod, givethe code, all threesimultaneouslypressed the button fortheir watches, exactlyequate timecommander of the eliteforces to seizewarehouse operationsweapon. Thepresentation begins.
8/M/109
3
Personification
For a time, Weh haddoing well, evenenjoying a respectableposition in his class.Then a terrible illnesschanged his live.
1/P/2
The first time I sawher, or her nails, to beextracted, I felt as if Ihad been embraced by
2/P/33
38
the current of theLinggang River, swamtogether with dolphinsand then been pickedup by millions offireflies and flowntoward the star.The temperature wasgoing to dropdrastically. And herewe were, exposed,wandering around inthe open, feedingourselves into demonicfangs of winter. Araibought candle in alittle store, whichpromptly closed shop.
3/P/40
Approaching the Eiffeltower, I placed myhand on her. She stillignored me. Especiallynow, as she grew moreand more beautifulbecause daybreak hadarmed up her burly,black shining arms.
4/P/79
There we were jokinglike one family. EveryFriday, we forgetabout the courseworkmounting byperforming ritualcrawling pub: creepingfrom pub to pubaround Paris, till threein the morning.
5/P/83
There wasn’t acreature to be seen, allwere safety ensconcedin some hole trying toprotect themselvesfrom the snow’sferocious assault.
6/P/67
39
4 Hyperbole
The sun blazeddirectly overhead. Thehead cookedmercilessly, asphaltmelted. My stomachwas empty, my throatdry. I stepped alonglike a decrepit woodenskeleton.
1/H/39
It is Sunday. And I justhappened to be in theoffice. If hadn’t, youwouldn’t even havebeen able to comethought that fence.
2/H/64
Often, MVRC Majoorpawned off almosteverything on hisbody. Early the nextmonth he would berich and a stranger tous one again and wewould owe him.
3/H/103
They were happy toget drunk. Quite oftenthey are drunk beganFriday afternoon andMonday morningdawns.
4/H/105
Malaysian work hardthroughout their life,basing their skin andbones, sweating blood,smothered bepunishing trial andthose who gave upsimply had no place intheir heart.
5/H/90
5 Synecdoche
He was posing hisburly frame learningrakishly against arounder’s bat. Yetthere was somethinghidden in his eyes. His
1/Syn/2
40
grind belied distance,pain.
6 Symbol
Those snide tactics,which had broughtCassanova success inemptying his heard, aswell as the wallets ofhundreds of woman.
1/Sym/106
I felt there was a pipeinserted in my mouthand helium pumpedinto my chest. Then Ifloat like a gasballoon, heading theceiling.
2/Sym/115
The helium that filledmy chest exploded andI broke apart intothousands of rosepetals, falling from theceiling spreading outto fill up the library.
3/Sym/116
In Surbone every day Ipoisoned sciencethough I were likechildren who slumpedchasing quail parentgrouse.
4/Sym/20
The table 4.1, it can be seen that there 6 kind of figurative language
used in Edensor Novel. The 6 kind of figurative language used in Edensor
novel is similes, metaphors, personifications, hyperboles, synecdoche, and
symbol. Among the 6 kinds often appear used in figurative language is
simile. The writer assumed this figurative language is became the main
character (Ikal) in him life. Often compares 2 different things in his
imagination as one thing. So, the appearance of simile became more
41
appear that other. On the other hand, synecdoche is the least appear kind of
figurative language. This is because the writer assumed kind of figurative
seldom to use in novel. In the next section, the writer is demonstrating the
meaning of figurative language in Edensor Novel.
B. Meaning
Based on table 4.1 it is seen that there are kinds of figurative
language in Edensor novel. In this section the writer analyses the meaning
of ach data in table 4.1 base on the description each figurative language in
chapter 2.
1. Simile
There are made of simile in Edensor Novel as show in table
4.1. The writer analyses the mean of simile based on the theory in
chapter 2.
(1/Sim/2) Then a terrible illness changed his live. He got a
hernia, a dreadful one that caused his scrotum to well up like a
balloon, to the point he was limping.
The meaning in the sentence (1/Sim/2) is to use the sentence
that contains connotative because it uses sentences that are not real. It
is compare about the scrotum whit the balloon. He got illness. His
limping was big. So, the author was describes his scrotum like
balloon.
(4/Sim/18) “So that is your mom’s character for you, if you
wanted to know! Hard as a wire!”.
42
The meaning in the sentence (4/Sim/18) is the word of wire is
not real meaning. It is compare about the characters ikal mom’s. She
had hard character. Everybody can’t change her character. So, the
author was describes her character whit the wire.
(5/Sim/21) During fasting month, I use crowbar to put holes in
some bamboo books, then filled them up with water and carbide an
aimed them toward the windows of the mosque while the entire
village did their tarawih prayer. The carbide gas compressed inside
the narrow bamboo hole boomed like a cannon after I lit the fuse. The
congregation scattered.
The meaning in the sentence (5/Sim/21) the word canon is
denotative meaning. The sound of a loud bang created around the
mosque during tarawih prayer. The voice considered like to the sound
of cannon fire in war. The sound made peoples surprised when
performing tarawih prayer.
(7/Sim/37) Aria, Weh And Mak Birah were for me like Oscar
Reutervard’s impossible triangle with dimensions difficult to translate,
with angles full of anomalies.
The meaning in the sentence (7Sim/37) is word Oscar
Reutervand’s is denotative meaning. It is the relationship between
Arai, Weh, and Mak Birah inseparable as the side of a triangle. It
always complementary and don’t separate.
43
(9/Sim/56) Within the warm confines of Schippol Airport, we
had no idea that the cold outside would be as fierce as a ferocious
wild animal’s bide.
In the sentence (9/Sim/56) the word animal’s bide is
denotative meaning. The writer mean temperature was extreme cold.
That was never felt Arai and Ikal. They feel so cold that depicted with
a bite of a very savage beast.
(10/Sim/62) It was definitely Dutch, since the sound were all
formed in the throat, has like a thundering bear. That dreett noise
roared out again, then it went quite.
In the sentence (10/Sim/62) the word thundering bear is not
real meaning. The meaning is the voice come from the mouth of the
bear. Voice of bear came out of the esophagus. The voice was heavy
considered like to the sound of a bear.
(11/Sim/63) Simon was very tall and whiskery, relaxed but
scary, sitting with his head bent over a table like a scavenger bird
hovering over its prey.
In the sentence (11/sim/63) word scavenger bird is denotative
meaning. It compared about Simon position and the scavenger bird.
Simon posture is tall and large. It supported by his relaxed attitude. It
considered like a scavenger bird is waiting. It wanted to eat the foot.
None of the other birds may be approaching.
44
(12/Sim/78) I was stunned to see a black figure, vaguely
covered by fog, soaring high in the sky like a ghost.
In the sentence (12/Sim/78) the compare between Eifel tower
and ghost. In the sentence draw condition around Eifel tower. The
writer considered like The Eifel tower with ghost. It because the
situation of around Eifel tower was fog. The Eifel tower looked like
scary. It looked a ghost.
(13/Sim/78) The Eiffel tower was like a great lady.
The word great lady in sentence (13/Sim/78) is denotative
meaning. The writer described the Eifel tower like a great lady. This is
the shape and size of the Eifel tower. It is very high and very large. A
lady is usually big and tall.
2. Metaphor
There are made of metaphor in Edensor Novel as show in table
4.1. The writer analyses the mean of metaphor based on the theory in
chapter 2.
(1/M/6) The shark drew close, grey giants that were plainly far
larger that I had imagined. They are the elephants of the sea.
The word elephants of the sea (1/M/6) is denotative meaning.
The condition was Ikal fishing in the sea. He looked big fish. It is the
shark. Then the writer described that like elephant of the sea.
(2/M/67) Night crept. The ace demon of the north pole began
to prowl. It set about biting our earlobes, whistling, and then clawing
45
against our cheeks before penetrating our bodies, stabbing our bones,
freezing solid their marrow.
The word crept (2/M/67) is not real meaning. The sentence is
combination night and crept. The night is a time and the crept is baby
moving. So, the sentence meaning is come the night.
(6/M/113) The battle was over! Cease fire! Katya was found
her choice. Oo la la, Who could have been the lucky knight on a white
horse? He must have been handsome and splendid.
In the sentence (6/M/113) Is denotative meaning. This
sentence storied about the winner. He is who got the heart of Katya.
Katya was selected someone. He is described is a very superior than
other.
3. Personification
There are made of personification in Edensor Novel as show in
table 4.1. The writer analyses the mean of personification based on the
theory in chapter 2.
(1/P/2) For a time, Weh had doing well, even enjoying a
respectable position in his class. Then a terrible illness changed his
live.
In the sentence (1/P/2) is not the real meaning. It described
about Weh condition. The word terrible illness is a stat that is not
wanted by anyone. That is because everyone would not want a
disaster. The word terrible is equated with something could take a life.
46
(2/P/33) The first time I saw her, or her nails, to be extracted, I
felt as if I had been embraced by the current of the Linggang River,
swam together with dolphins and then been picked up by millions of
fireflies and flown toward the star.
In this sentence (2/P/33) is denotative meaning. The writer
showed about Ikal feeling. He was very happy. He not to be
interpreted and equated with hug of Langgang river. Langgang river
was very wide and long as ikal feeling toward Aling.
(4/P/79) Approaching the Eiffel tower, I placed my hand on
her. She still ignored me. Especially now, as she grew more and more
beautiful because daybreak had armed up her burly, black shining
arms.
In the sentence (4/P/79) showed about Eiffel tower. It is
denotative meaning. It talked about parts of Eiffel tower. It equated to
a person’s arm. In here means the upper parts of Eiffel tower. When it
exposed to sunlight, it look more beautiful.
4. Hyperbole
There is using of hyperbole in Edensor Novel as show in table
4.1. The writer analyses the mean of hyperbole based on the theory in
chapter 2.
(2/H/64) It is Sunday. And I just happened to be in the office. If
hadn’t, you wouldn’t even have been able to come thought that fence.
47
In the sentence (2/H/64) talked about someone was arrogant.
He talked when he not in the office, Arai and Ikal could not to enter,
although in there had a guard. Here he feel most had the authority in
the office.
(5/H/…) Malaysian work hard throughout their life, basing
their skin and bones, sweating blood, smothered be punishing trial
and those who gave up simply had no place in their heart.
In this sentence (5/H/…) talked about Malaysian ability.
People of Malaysia always work hard. They not know about the time
and condition, although a hot condition and difficult condition. They
are persistence to do something. It made them endure harsh living.
5. Synecdoche
There is made of synecdoche in Edensor Novel as show in
table 4.1. The writer analyses the mean of synecdoche based on the
theory in chapter 2.
(1/Syn/2) He was posing his burly frame learning rakishly
against a rounder’s bat. Yet there was something hidden in his eyes.
His grind belied distance, pain.
In the sentence (1/Syn/2) is took circumstances. It made Weh
always feel pain. The flavor is always visible in the eyes. The word
eyes include or represent the entire n all of bodies.
48
6. Symbol
There is made of symbol in Edensor Novel as show in table
4.1. The writer analyses the mean of symbol based on the theory in
chapter 2.
(1/Sym/106) Those snide tactics, which had brought
Cassanova success in emptying his heard, as well as the wallets of
hundreds of woman.
In the sentence (1/Sym/106) show the symbol of figurative
language. It explained about love. The word emptying his heart is
defined by him love. To getting him heard, he could ask anything of
woman.
(4/Sym/20) In Surbone every day I poisoned science though I
were like children who slumped chasing quail parent grouse.
In the sentence (4/Sym/20) is tell about knowledge. The word
poisoned is giving knowledge continuously. The science is not
accordance. It is very hard for Ikal.
49
CHAPTER V
CLOSURE
This chapter presents the conclusions of this research and suggestion to the
readers and for further research. The writer will present one after another in the
following sections.
A. Conclusions
After finished chapter 1 until chapter IV, in this chapter the writer
come a conclusions concerning the research question in the first chapter.
Referring to the previous chapter, Chapter IV which deals the analysis of
figurative language used in of a Edensor Novel. Finally the writer can
draw the conclusion and give the suggestion that hopefully will be useful
for other writer. As Edensor Novel as the examples being analyzed. The
results of the data analysis are varied:
1. In the chapter II, the writer had 7 kinds of figurative language, they
are:
(1) Simile, (2) metaphor, (3) personification, (4) hyperbole, (5)
synecdoche (6) paradox and (7) symbol.
2. Meaning of figurative language is various. The writer found 20
sentences of simile in the Edensor Novel. It consist 18 used like and 2
used as. Then the writer found 8 sentences about metaphor, 6 sentences
about personification, 5 sentences about hyperbole, 1 sentence about
synecdoche, and 4 sentences about symbol. The writer not found
50
sentence of paradox from Edensor Novel. There are dependent in the
object compare in the data.
B. Suggestions
Based on the research result, the writer would like to give some
suggestion likely.
1. From the using figurative language, we can understand type of
figurative language.
2. figurative language learning with a novel, an understanding of
figurative will be easier
3. With the novel, examples of figurative language are more widespread.
4. For readers, especially anyone who likes to read novels. Understand
figurative language very important because a lot of figurative
contained in novel.
5. The writer hopefully this research can give benefits to the readers
especially knowledge about pragmatics and semantics.
C. Contribution of this Research to Language Teaching
Figurative language in study English language, the student will
know about meaning in the sentences. In the sentences have denotative
and connotative meanings. Denotative meaning is the real meaning, and
connotative meaning is the not real meaning. Farther more, the students
understanding about figurative language in connotative meaning, they are
51
know about meaning in the sentences studying English language or in the
literature.
By understanding the types of figurative language, the students in
English Education Department will be able to use figurative language
around as their communication objectives.
Then, the English Lecturer and the Department of English
Education, especially for pragmatic, will be more conscious to give an
example of figurative language. This is because the figurative language are
important to be understood when they do not know about figurative
language, there will be a miscommunication, especially dealing with
lexical meaning and contextual understanding of speech.
52
REFERENCES
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Toronto, USA, Litle Bround and company
Keidler, W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. London: Roudladge 11 NewFetter Lane
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Parrine, L. 1978. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry. New York:
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Rohmah. 2007. The figurative language that used in Goa Gong’s Novel. A
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2002
Soeharto, Bahar. 1989. Menyiapkan Penelitian dan Penulisan Karya
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Tyas. 2010. The using of figurative language in twilight movie. A graduating
paper. English Department of Educational Faculty State Institute for
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54
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Muhammad Sulkhan Habibi
Students Number : 113 10 013
Date of Birth : October, 08 1990
E-mail : [email protected]
Telp : 085 640 033 345
Education :
1997 – 2003 : Program Primary School (SDN) 02 Wiroyudan,
Desa Tingkir Tengah, Kec. Tingkir Kota Salatiga.
2003 – 2006 : Program Junior High School (MtsN) Salatiga.
2006 – 2009 : Islamic Senior High School (SMA I) Sunan Gunung
Jati, Ngunut, Tulungagung.
2010 – 2016 : English Education Department Teacher Training and
Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies
(IAIN) Salatiga.