i

i

AN ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERS SELF ESTEEM IN PAIN AND

GAIN MOVIE

A THESIS

Submitted to Faculty of Letters and Humanities

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements the Degree of Strata One

MUHAMMAD ALI IBRAHIM

1112026000098

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2017

i

ABSTRACT

MUHAMMAD ALI IBRAHIM, An Analysis of Main Characters Self Esteem in

Pain and Gain Movie. Thesis. Jakarta: English Language and Literature

Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University (UIN) of

Syarif Hidayatullah, March 2017.

This qualitative research is aims to discuss the problem on the main character

in the movie pain and gain, in terms of fulfilling the needs of self esteem, along

with the problem. this study is based on the theory of hierarchy of human needs by

Abraham H. Maslow. this study also covers the problem of signs of a lack of self

esteem. this study also illustrates how the main characters in fulfilling their needs

to reach the stage of self esteem.

the main characters look like they have filled all the needs they need from the

physical needs to the needs of self-actualization, but the writer find some problems

in the fulfillment of these needs, and the main characters feel less about something

especially in the need for self esteem. The writer finds that the main character

fulfills four levels of needs; physiological needs, safety needs, and love and

belongingness needs, and self esteem need.

the results of the research that the authors find are, the main characters are not

perfect in completing and filling the need for self esteem especially on the

recognition of others of financial status and property, although some kind of self

esteem needs have been met. but for the main characters in this movie prefer to the

money.Moreover the writer again found some consequences of the lack of need for

self esteem and its bad consequences.

Keyword : Pain and Gain, Self Esteem, Hierarchy of Needs, Abraham H. Maslow

ii

iii

LEGALIZATION

Name : Muhammad Ali Ibrahim

NIM : 1112026000108

Title : An analysis of Main Characters Self Esteem in Pain and Gain Movie

The thesis entitled above has been defended before the Letters and

Humanity Faculty’s Examination Committee on April 16th, 2017. It has already

been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata

one.

Jakarta, September 28th, 2017

Examination Committee

Signature Date

1. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd.

19640710 199303 1 006 (Chair Person)

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum.

19781003 200112 2 002 (Secretary)

3. Addy Hassan, M.Hum (Advisor)

4. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum

19780126 200312 2 002 (Examiner I)

5. Pita Merdeka, M.A

19830117 201101 2 009 (Examiner II)

iv

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best

of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or

written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been

accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other

institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in

the next.

Jakarta, September 28th, 2017

Muhammad Ali Ibrahim

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, and the Most Merciful.

All praises to Allah SWT, with His amazing blessing and His guidance to

the writer, so the writer can accomplish this research. Shalawat and Salaam may

always be devoted to our Prophet Muhammad Shallalahu Alaihi Wasalam, peace

be upon him, who has guided his ummah from the darkness to enlightenment in this

world.

First of all, the writer would like to thank to the family, especially the

writer’s parents, mom and dad who always give supports and they are always being

the writer’s spirit. The writer also would like to express the gratitude for the writer’s

advisor, Mr. Addy Hasan, Mrs. Pita Merdeka, Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, and Mrs. Elve

Octaviani, who has given encouragements, critiques, and sincere guidance. Then,

the writer will also express the gratitude and thankfulness to:

1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag., the Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty

2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Letters Department

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Letters Department

4. Mr. Addy Hasan as my advisor who always gives inspirations and

encouragement, Mrs. Elve, Mrs. Pita Merdeka and Mrs. Inayatul Chusna.

5. All the lecturers of English Letters Department who has teached the writer

since the earliest semester to the last semesterBeloved parents, as the

vi

writer’s best place to share the writer’s experiences and challenges to

accomplish this thesis.

6. All friends of C Class C 2012, and Literature 2012 who has been the writer’s

friends since the earliest semester to the last semester

7. All KKN NASA. members who have been the writer’s friends since KKN

started on August 2015 until now.

8. Ust. Ahmad Muzakki Kamalie, Lc. As guidance in spiritual journey

9. ALIF (Alqur’an Islamic Learning and Islamic Foundation), and

KDEEZAA.

10. SAHABAT SHALAWAT and all members.

11. All of IKPDN members (Ikatan Alumni Darunnajah Jakarta)

Jakarta, September 2017

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................... ii

LEGALIZATION .......................................................................................... iii

DECLARATION ............................................................................................ iv

ACKNOWLEGMENT .................................................................................. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of study ................................................................... 1

B. Focus of the study ....................................................................... 3

C. Research question........................................................................ 3

D. Significance of study ................................................................... 3

E. Methodology of the research ....................................................... 3

1. Method of the research .......................................................... 4

2. Objective of the research ....................................................... 4

3. Technique of data analysis .................................................... 4

4. Instrument of the research ..................................................... 4

5. Unit of analysis ..................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous research ........................................................................ 6

B. Main characters ........................................................................... 7

C. Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs Concept .............................. 7

viii

1. Physicological Needs ............................................................ 8

2. Safety Needs.......................................................................... 9

3. The Belongingness and Love Needs ..................................... 9

4. Esteem Needs ........................................................................ 10

5. Self Actualization .................................................................. 11

D. Characteristic of Self Esteem Needs ........................................... 12

E. Sign of Low Self Esteem Problem .............................................. 13

F. Recognizing the origins............................................................... 14

1. The lower needs .................................................................... 14

2. The higher needs ................................................................... 15

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING

A. The Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs ................................. 16

1. Physicological Needs ............................................................ 17

2. Safety Needs.......................................................................... 18

3. Love and Belonging Needs ................................................... 19

B. Main Character’s Self Esteem ..................................................... 21

C. Signs of Low Self Esteem ........................................................... 24

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion ................................................................................. 30

B. Suggestions ................................................................................ 31

WORKS CITED ............................................................................................. 33

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

Human needs range from physical needs to the needs of the mind. In general,

physical needs such as food, drink, air, shelter and others which is a mandatory

requirement of a human, but in addition man has a desire in the form of a variety of

feelings. Feeling of love is one of the great desires of a human being, and love is

the first feeling received by man from birth of his parents or anyone who takes care

of him as a child. When growing up any other needs will appear like feelings of

love to the opposite sex or the sense of desire to have a life partner, comfort and

security. The more mature the human nature develops with the emergence of a sense

of desire to be appreciated, the desire to be known to many people and so forth. The

last is the ideals or desires that are viewed from the basic aspects of the ability or

which is often called self-actualization (Goble 71-77).

All the desires and needs of the human, that the writer mentioned above is

the thought of a Jew from Brooklyn that we know by the name of Abraham Harold

Maslow (Setiawan 23). Abraham Maslow is famous for the hierarchy of needs of

his thought who categorizes human needs with the five-major stage of human needs

such as physiological needs, sense of security, love and possession, esteem, and the

last is self-actualization. In a movie, a character which is a representative of a

human, normally have a goal or a desire to be achieved. Here the writer wants to

analyze the desire and need of a movie characters, to find out how the theory of

2

Abraham H. Maslow works. The movie that will be discussed is Pain and Gain, by

Michael Bay. Pain and Gain can be categorized as an action, comedy and crime

based on true story. It is by Hollywood actor like Dwayne Johnson (Paul Doyle)

commonly called The Rock, then there is Mark Wahlberg (Daniel Lugo), the main

character in the new Transformers and the last is also a big role in in this movie,

Antony Mackie (Adrian Doorball) falcon cast in the avengers movie also participate

enliven the role in this film.

The film is lifted from the true story of a kidnap victim Extortion and torture

by a group of local personal trainers (Imdb).The movie describes about three

personal trainers who works in Sun Gym. Before the crimes happened, they have a

normal life just like the others, but since one of them, Daniel Lugo got some new

client and he was always interacted with his new wealthy client, and finally they

began to questions their needs, which been considered as being fulfilled. As an

example, when Daniel Lugo asking Adrian Doorbal when the last time her lover

bought dessert after dinner? , and when was the last time you paid the rent on time.

The narrative about one of the character above shows that their life

fulfillment is not complete. Especially about the money. Furthermore, they plan to

kidnap one of their wealthy client stories full of extortion of a wealthy businessman,

torture, abduction, and organized killing by a group of personal trainers from a gym

called Sun Gym. The story is based on a series of articles in Miami new times in

1999, by Pete Collins and books written by his victim itself, titled Pain and Gain:

The True Story (2013) Marc Schiller, which details kidnapping, extortion, torture,

and killing of multiple victims, by organized groups of criminals, composed

3

bodybuilders affiliated with Sun Gym. The title of the film is a play on the general

proverb often used in fitness. "No Pain, No Gain".

Here the writer wants to examine the desires, needs and objectives of the main

characters figure in Pain and Gain movie (2013) through the theory of hierarchy of

needs by Abraham H. Maslow, based on the theory with the stages of human needs.

Based on the case of main characters, the writer wants to give more understanding

about self-esteem seen from Pain and Gain movie

B. Focus of the study

In this research, the writer will focus on the main characters, and

analyze the characters seen from Hierarchy of Human Needs by Abraham

H. Maslow.

C. Research question

1. How does of self-esteem appear in main characters seen from hierarchy

of needs by Abraham H. Maslow?

D. Significance of study

The writer hopes this research can be useful for the reader in understanding the

hierarchy of needs by Abraham H. Maslow through the character which analyzed

by the writer.

E. Methodology of the research

The methodology of this research is including some effects of the research

such as:

1. The Method of the research

4

The writer uses descriptive-qualitative methods, Mention that

qualitative research is a scientific research, which aims to understand a

phenomenon in a natural social context by emphasizing the process of deep

communication interaction between researchers with the phenomena

studied (Moleong 6).

2. Objective of the research

The objective of the research is to answer the question of the

research question, and more understand about self-esteem.

3. Technique of Data Analysis

In this research, the writer uses the descriptive analytic technique to

analyze Daniel Lugo character by hierarchy of needs by Abraham H.

Maslow approach based on critical study and analysis to the qualitative

data. The writer watches the film carefully in several times and then

learn to get the important scene, dialogues, and then the writer cut the

scene, underline and understanding the film. Then the writer explains

the data and analyze it, such as the dialogues and screenshot of the scene

of this film based on the writer needs from this film, based on the theory

of Abraham H. Maslow.

4. Instrument of Research

The instrument of this study is watching deeply, repeat the film, in

order to identify and analyze the main character Daniel Lugo to find out

the evidences of the fulfillment of his needs through Hierarchy of needs

by Abraham H. Maslow.

5

5. Unit of analysis

The unit analysis of this research is the script and the picture of the

Pain and Gain Film directed by Michael Bay, released 26 April 2013.

6

CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

In this chapter, the writer will explain the concepts and theory which is used to

analyze the data and answer the research question. This research will show the

characteristic of self-esteem stage in Hierarchy of Human Needs by Abraham H.

Maslow, seen from Pain and Gain movie main character’s Daniel Lugo.

A. Previous Research

The corpus that the writer used in this research is rarely founded, but the writer

takes two researchers which is used Abraham H. Maslow for they research. The

first one titled “Self-actualization of Bradley Cohen in Front of the class film”

which written by Sya’roni Abdul Jalil in 2015 he is student at Islamic University

Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, and the second one is “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Manifested by the main character in the Forrest Gump the movie” which written

by Shintya Dwi Fiedhawatie in 2013, student at Brawijaya University.

For the first previous research the writer wanted to focus on analyzing the self-

actualization seen in the main character, and his results he found out in the scene

and the dialogue of the movie. Then helped by the motivation of the main character

in fulfilling the steps, according to the hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham H.

Maslow. This research has similarities in terms of analyzing the main character, the

difference is the writer here wants to analyze the self-esteem part.

7

The second one is almost the same as the first one but this one further illustrates

how the processes passed in more detail, which also aims to the last need is about

self-actualization in the main characters in the film. From those two previous

studies, the writer wants to help the reader to better understand about self-esteem is

also important, as the final step before achieving self-actualization phase in the

hierarchy of needs by Abraham H. Maslow.

B. Main characters

The general purpose of characters is to extend the plot. Many stories employ

multiple types of characters. Every story must have main characters. These are the

characters that will have the greatest effect on the plot or are the most affected by

what happens in the story (Janovsky).

C. Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs Concept

The typical of Maslow’s thought is understanding human beings from their

needs. Maslow divides the hierarchy of needs into 5 basic levels of need. Each level

underlying the next higher level, and so on. Maslow expressed this through his

argument: "This is what we mean, that the basic human needs are organized in a

hierarchy of relative potentiality (Setiawan 39). The writer not the first to think of

what we need in a scientific way. The grandfather of human needs, Abraham

Maslow, is probably best known for his Maslow five-dimension pyramid. It is

considered to be the very first important human needs model (Delepierre).

8

Picture: http://www.happonomy.org

The writer will explain one by one, start with the lower level until the higher

level that illustrated in the pyramid above.

1. Physiological Needs

The first level is the physical need that is the most basic necessity and the

dominating of man. These needs are biological, such as the need for oxygen,

food, water and so on, which if not fulfilled then man cannot live. If this initial

need is not met then the desire for other needs will not affect it. Because usually

people who are hungry will be hard to think, even to talk to. The lack of physical

need drowning the higher human potential (Setiawan 48). The most basic, the

most powerful and the most obvious among other human needs is the need to

maintain a physical life, which is with biological needs related to daily physical

9

needs. Someone will set aside other needs if his physical needs have not been

fulfilled (Goble 71).

2. Safety need

The second level is the need for safety. After the relative biological needs

are met, other needs arise, that can be categorized as the need for safety, such

as needs: security, stability, dependence, protection, freedom from fear and

chaos, neat or well organized, strong in protection and so on. Maslow also

shows that many indication that lack of safety are found in adults. These

indication exhibit behaviors that tend to seek protection to stronger people or

systems, or to people who are be able to provide a sense of security. This

behavior is very similar to children who are afraid and react to danger situation

(Setiawan 40).

3. The Belongingness and Love Needs

The third level is the need for belongingness and love. If the need for

physical and safety has been fulfilled well, then will emerge the need for love

and belongingness, and the need to own and have. The need for love is including

the need to give and receive the attention from the others. Maslow thought that

human in his life always tries to avoid loneliness. Humans are social beings who

live with others. Human always needs someone else even since he was born

Nevertheless, Maslow also emphasized that this love is not the same as sex. Sex

can be considered a purely physical need, in other words it can be said that love

is not just sex. Love is a sense of need to be loved and cared. Humans need to

10

socialize. Humans have an inward tendency to be lead, leading, gathering

together, to be part of a group and to have relationships between people

(Setiawan 41).

4. Self Esteem Needs

The fourth level is the esteem need. When the three priorities have been

fulfilled and satisfied, the esteem need will emerge and become dominant.

Maslow says that all people in society in normal conditions will have a desire

to respect or respect themselves and are also respected by others (Setiawan 42).

These needs according to Maslow can be classified into two parts. First, the

need to be strong, capable of achieving something, adequate, skilled and

competent, confident to face the world, independent and free. Secondly, humans

have a desire to have a certain reputation and prestige (defined as respect or

appreciation of others), which is the status of pride and victory, domination,

known, cared for, considered important, dignity, or other particular appreciation

(Setiawan 42).

Within Maslow’s hierarchical organization of motives and theory of

personality development, esteem needs refer to people’s desires to have a stable

and realistically positive evaluation of themselves. Maslow conceptualized

esteem needs as a broad category of motivations that consist of two distinct but

related sets of strivings. One set of esteem needs consists of people’s desires for

achievement, competence, and mastery. The other set of esteem needs consists

of people’s desires for admiration, status, and respect from others. Maslow

described the satisfaction of esteem motives as being reflected in feelings of

11

efficacy and confidence, and the thwarting of these desires in feelings of

discouragement and inferiority. According to Maslow’s hierarchical account,

esteem needs become salient only after one has sufficiently satisfied the more

primary desires for love, affection, and belongingness; in turn, motivations

toward self-actualization become salient only after one has sufficiently satisfied

the need for esteem (Stefano I. Di Domenico).

5. Self-actualization

Self-actualization, according to Maslow, represents growth of an individual

toward fulfillment of the highest needs, those for meaning in life, in particular

(Olson). The exposure of the psychological need to cultivate, develop, and use

ability, by Maslow called self-actualization, is one of the important aspects of

his theory of motivation in humans. Maslow also describes this need as a desire

to become more fully self-made, to be anything according to his ability (Goble

77). Maslow describes self-actualization as a person's need to do what is the

goal of his birth. Maslow describes this as follows: "a musician must create

music, a painter must paint, or a poet must make a poem, what a human can do,

he must do, man must really be what his true nature is. Placed as the ultimate

necessity at the top of the hierarchy, which is the nature or purpose of human

life, as the ultimate goal, it is enjoined the lifelong effort to achieve it (Setiawan

42).

12

D. Characteristic of Self Esteem Needs

In this sub-chapter, the writer will describe the signs that the main characters

looking for self-esteem needs. In this case the writer wrote some signs of self -

esteem that are seen in the main characters in the movie pain and gain.

1. The need to be considered or looking strong, able to achieve something,

acceptable, have the expertise and competence. Tendency to show itself, or

at least show its existence. People at this level desperately need an award

from the surrounding environment (Setiawan 150).

2. Have a desire to have a certain reputation and prestige, in the form of status,

pride, victory, domination, known, cared for, considered important, dignity,

or other appreciation (Setiawan 150).

If the desired needs are not fulfilled perfectly, then the resulting feelings of

anxiety, insecurity, weakness, despair, depression, anger, or other forms of

neurosis. In this case Maslow founds common phenomenon of

misunderstanding of many people, who expect appreciation not based on

capacity, competence, and other real things. Then these people will seek a

shortcut for the fulfillment of their self-esteem needs. Then this kind of

appreciation will be pseudo, fake and temporary, and in the end this shortcut

way will have a negative impact on the fulfillment of its own needs (Setiawan

151).

13

E. Sign of Low Self-Esteem Problem

Esteem comes from the Latin word meaning ‘to estimate’, so self-esteem is

how people estimate or view their self (Fone 96). The writer will show some of

low self-esteem sign seen from main character in the movie, they are:

1. Taking on the victim role and blaming others for the problems. People in

these circumstances always blame others for their mistakes, this can

happen in individuals or mostly in a group (Fone 96).

2. Not taking responsibility for the risk that he owns: turning power over to

another to make decisions for you, and then feeling victimized if the result

s isn’t he like (Fone 96). almost the same as the first sequence, but this

time, he will blame others if the outcome of the plan he wants is not in line

with what he expects, then he will press his other friends to make choices,

and most importantly he does not want to bear responsible for the risks that

occur because of his plan.

3. Excessive or underachieving with food, play, work and so on (Fone 96).

Exaggerated in everything he has never felt before, when he gets something

he has never found he will overdo it, or the opposite.

4. Blaming or criticizing self, or constantly putting others down through guilt,

finding fault, blame, or shame (Fone 96). this fourth order also falls into

the criteria of no responsibility and likes to blame others for the problems

to be faced, the worse it will be to make people feel guilty about the

problems he faces, which should be his responsibility or together

responsibility.

14

5. Being constantly negative, or so optimistic denying realty (Fone 96). He

will not be willing to accept the reality he faces, or he will seek a way to

get what he wants in whatever way he wants, even if it goes against the

reality that exists, and he is very optimistic about it.

6. Behaving in a boastful, or bullying manner (Fone 96). In this case he will

feel arrogant with what he just had, because he should not be able to get it

at that time, or usually he just got that what he wishes for all time.

7. Feeling inferior, feeling rigidly (Fone 96). Strict in opinion, conduct,

discipline, or observance; uncompromising; scrupulously exact or

exacting: as, a rigid disciplinarian. He will always feel less in terms of what

he achieves, always look to people more than him. This is one of the

personalities possessed by the person in need of self-esteem he will be

stubborn for what he wants.

F. Recognizing the Origins

Abraham Maslow was an eminent psychologist who developed the

Hierarchy of Needs pyramid model. Maslow’s theory was that unless certain

needs are met individuals won’t achieve healthy self-esteem or be motivated

to progress and reach self-fulfillment. Regarding self-esteem (Fone 97),

Maslow observed that a higher and lower version of esteem needs exist:

1. The lower one is the need for the respect of others, need for fame,

admiration, status, recognition, attention, dignity, appreciation, and

even dominance (Fone 97).

15

2. The higher form involves the need for self-respect, including such

feelings as confidence, competence, achievement, mastery,

independence, and freedom (Fone 97).

The higher form includes self-respect, which when achieved is a lot harder to lose

than the respect of others.

The negative version of these needs is Low self-esteem and inferiority

complexes. Maslow agreed that these were at the root of many, if not most, of

people’s psychological problems. In modern countries, most people have what they

need with regard to their psychological and safety needs. More often than not, they

have quite a bit of love and belonging too. It’s a little respect that often seems to be

so very hard to get (Fone 97).

16

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDING

In this chapter, the writer will analyze how does main characters in Pain and

Gain movie fulfill the needs and reach the self-esteem characteristic needs with

their evil plans, through hierarchy of needs of Abraham Maslow’s thought.

Furthermore, this chapter will analyze how the signs of low self-esteem in those

main characters in Pain and Gain.

A. The Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self-esteem of main characters in Pain and Gain movie is the life as a

millionaire, the lifestyle of luxury people, one of the main characters in this movie

is Daniel Lugo, spurred to have a luxurious life because of the life story of one of

his clients in the sun gym. After that he compares with his life which he thinks less,

and nothing compared to his client, especially in social life status, and money. After

he invites his two friends to join. All their needs including the three needs that must

be completed earlier before reaching self-esteem, this concept is belongs to

Abraham Maslow’s pyramid theory. Self-esteem is an important requirement

before the last need is self-actualization.

The hierarchy of human needs described by a pyramid by Abraham Maslow,

explains the stages that must be passed to achieve the highest level of self-

actualization, but before reaching it, the need for self-esteem must be fulfilled. if

17

the needs of self-esteem have been completed, then it could be going to the final

stage of self-actualization which is practically the ultimate realization of human

desire in accordance with his ability and he must do it.

According to Abraham Maslow, need for self-esteem is divided into two parts,

the first one is the higher and the second is the lower. The higher need of self-esteem

involves the need for self-respect, which is such feelings as confidence,

competence, achievement, mastery, independence, and freedom. The second part is

lower level of self-esteem. In particular this level involves need for the respect of

others, need for fame, admiration, status, recognition, attention, dignity,

appreciation, and even dominance.

1. Physiological Needs

The first the writer will show some of three needs stage before reach self-

esteem, the physiological needs. Physiological needs are the bigger

foundation to all needs, this stage includes eat, drink, shelter, etc. the main

character shows that they could to fulfill the needs of these kind. The picture

below will show some of theirs.

18

Picture 1

00:09:48

As seen in the picture 1 above it’s an example that, the main character has

own place to live, he also had no problem with the food, drink, shelter. So that’s

all involves the requirement of Abraham Maslow psychological needs, and also

for the others characters, as the personal trainer in a gym, they must have a good

food, and also the salary, even a place for living.

2. Safety Needs

After the psychological needs completed, human will meet the next stage,

which is the safety needs. If the person completed the psychological needs

he will needs some feeling for comfortable from anxiety, criminality, and

something like disturbing his security. The main characters, all of them were

a personal trainer in a gym, which is mean they are feeling muscular and

strong. It means they were feeling safe from the criminality, beside they

were the criminals. Moreover, they had some martial arts skill from boxing

in the gym, so they can beat some guys. See picture 4.

19

Picture 4

00:18:38

3. Love and Belongings Needs

Once the need for security has been completed, then automatically they need

a sense of belonging, or love, which is the third stage of Abraham Maslow's

needs hierarchy. In this case the main characters show love, have a friend,

or close friends. Actually, the main characters are good friends, all started

on one of the main characters named Daniel Lugo was easy to make friends.

Furthermore because of his cheerful and friendly nature, he was easy to get

personal with the people at the gym and also with fellow gym member or

personal trainer. On the below the writer will show some example from

conversation about their friendship and a picture from one of main

character’s marriage which shows the third stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of

needs.

Paul Doyle : Daniel was really encouraging about my self-

improvement, and I need a friend, I hadn’t really had

a friend since my mom died (narrative the boxing

training scene).

20

Daniel Lugo : What do you think, you want to go get a beer?

Paul Doyle : I’m sober.

Daniel Lugo : That’s a good thing. A beer is only an expression,

let’s go get something to drink, hang out.

(Pain and Gain, 00:18:30)

The picture and conversation above explains about Paul Doyle who is in

desperate need of a close friend or pen pals, and Daniel Lugo appears, trying to get

closer with his to accompany his loneliness. The other hand, Adrian Doorbal also

shows that he was closest friends of Daniel Lugo, and also got married. The writer

will show the picture below.

Adrian Doorbal: I’ll do anything for Daniel Lugo, he was my boy, as good

to me as anyone ever was, he was big hearted mother****r, who I knew only had

my best in mind. (Monolog).

The conversation which illustrates that Daniel Lugo and Adrian Doorbal are

very good close friends, in monologue Adrian Doorbal explains it, and the drawn

image below, illustrates the perfection of love gained by Adrian Doorbal with his

lover. Adrian Doorbal, Paul Doyle and Daniel Lugo was getting closest because of

their criminal plan to kidnap one of richest client in sun gym. So, all of them

completed the third stage of Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs, they successful

to get love and belongings, especially in their friendship.

21

Picture 5

01:05:40

After three stages in hierarchy of human needs completed, which is

psychological needs, safety needs, and love, belongings need. The writer will

analyze the next step that got some problem when they fulfill it. The next stage is

self-esteem needs. So, the writer will discuss both levels of the self-esteem, which

is they are the low level and the higher level of it. The writer seen some signs that

show the self-esteem need in those main characters.

B. Main Character’s Self esteem

In this section, the writer will analyze the self-esteem seen from Pain and Gain

movie. The self-esteem needs divided into two specifications, the lower and higher,

Maslow divide the self-esteem between self-respect (higher need), and others

respect (lower need). The self-respect is a feeling from inside, just like feeling

confidence, celebrations for his objective or something that he wants, some

achievement, even a freedom. The others respect is coming from the other people.

It’s just like get attention from the people, getting famous, the social status,

admiration, even feeling for some appreciation for something by himself.

22

The first level the writer will discuss is lower level of self-esteem. In those three

main characters, the writer found something that show the lower self-esteem need.

This conversation below is between Daniel Lugo and his manager when he signs

up for being personal trainer.

Manager John : Welcome aboard.

Daniel Lugo : Thank you sir, I will not disappoint you. Three weeks after I signed

on, Sun Gym did triple it membership, I gave free body waxing for

everybody at sign up. It’s kind of disgusting, but you have to do

whatever it takes, no fear. I even came up with genius, free

membership for strippers, delicious. Boosted 75% membership

within 2 months. I did it muscle mecca, I make it destination. John

was rolling in the cash, he started reading fortune magazines. And

he recognized my value. I made Senior Fitness Coordinator by

Christmas, perks included. Because that’s how it works, you give

and you get back. (Narratively)

(Pain and Gain, 00:08:50 – 00:09:50)

From conversation above Daniel Lugo show the characteristic of lower

level on self-esteem, which is in the conversation, and his monologue. Daniel

Lugo said “I will not disappoint you.” It means that Daniel wants his manager to

approve him later on the result from his work, and then in his long narrative

monologue, he said “I even came up with genius.” This statement means he wants

to be recognized that he is a genius, for his work that tripled membership at the

Sun Gym. Furthermore, Daniel said something that admire his own achievement,

and he said “he recognized my value.” The word “he” means his manager.

The higher level contains self-respect. The example from self-respect are

like feeling confidence, competence, achievement, even freedom. From the

conversation in low level section, the writer also notices some achievement from

the main character Daniel Lugo, the sentence that reads, “Boosted 75% membership

23

within 2 months. I did it muscle mecca, I make it destination” from his narrative

monolog it means some achievement which is he completed. For the others

characters the writer have Adrian Doorbal with his competence feeling.

Daniel Lugo : I mean, look at us, man. We're like Superman. I

mean, come on! Don’t you think we deserve better?

'Cause I do.

Adrian Doorbal : Man, I do, too!

Daniel Lugo : Then fucking act like it, man! Come on

Adrian Doorbal : That's why when these 'roids kick into this chocolate

mass, baby, I'ma be unstoppable! I ain't making no

more tacos! I ain't cleaning up after nobody tacos!

I'm putting my beef in their tacos, baby! Everybody

gonna eat some of this!

Daniel Lugo : That's what I'm talking about.

(Pain and Gain, 00:12:07 – 00:12:37)

The conversation above, the scene when Daniel and Doorbal are training in Sun

Gym. Daniel is bored and desperate with his unchanging circumstances, then pours

his feelings into Doorbal and also asks him. Suddenly Daniel flexes his muscle like

superman and thinking he had a muscular body that not all of people have, and then

Doorbal follows flexes his body and thinking the same. Doorbal speaks in exited

and spirited tone as he sees himself in the mirror, and feeling confident with his

muscular body, he can achieve more than just waiters in taco bell restaurant. The

writer notice that Doorbal show some higher-level self-esteem in the conversation

above. So, the lower and higher level on self-esteem showed in Pain and Gain

movie. But the main characters thought they not fulfilled their needs correctly

especially in social life status, money, and recognition from others they are capable

people, or equivalent to the rich., so the writer notices some signs of the result from

being low on self-esteem.

24

C. Signs of Low Self Esteem

For this section, the writer will analyze the signs of low self-esteem seen in

main characters in Pain and Gain movie. The conversation and the picture below

will show the signs of low self-esteem, not lower level but, the effect from lack self-

esteem.

Adrian Doorbal : Let's go. Let's go, let's go. Hurry up.

Daniel Lugo : Oh, shit. Paul, just run him over.

Paul Doyle : Just run him over?

Daniel Lugo : Yeah, just start the car, and just run him over.

Paul Doyle : I can't start the car, and run him over. We...

Daniel Lugo : Paul, your friend Pepe is on fire. He's going to die anyway.

Do you want him to suffer, or you want to take him out of his

misery? You can do this, okay? Start the car, put it in gear

and run him over.

Adrian Doorbal : I don't know, DL. That's hardcore, man.

Daniel Lugo : Start the fucking car and go! Back over him. Get it over

quick. It's like ripping off a Band-Aid. Just do it! Don't make

Pepe suffer.

Victor Kershaw : No!

Daniel Lugo : I knew you could do it, Paul. You just killed a man.

Paul Doyle : We did.

Daniel Lugo : No, you did it. I just provided options.

Paul Doyle : Why are you saying I did it? We did it.

Daniel Lugo : No, you drove. It's... It's a good thing. Tell him.

Adrian Doorbal : You did a good thing.

(Pain and Gain, 00:55:27 - 00:57:15)

Picture 6 picture 7

00:56:28 00:57:04

25

Picture 8

00:56:47

From the conversation and the pictures above, the writer seen the signs of

low self-esteem on the main character, it seen from Daniel Lugo. From the

conversation, the writer seen Daniel makes it as he was innocent of what Paul did,

when the one who ordered was him, moreover he forced Paul to kill by crushing

victor’s head. Then he felt irresponsible, that victor had been killed over by Paul by

his order. The writer notice that Daniel Lugo had some low self-esteem factors.

First Daniel blaming the others for his own mistake, the mistake by his own

decision. Second Daniel not taking responsibility for the risk that he owns: turning

power over to another to make decisions. The third constantly putting others down

through guilt, finding fault, blame, or shame. For the next the writer notice that the

main character being constantly negative, denying reality and bullying manner. The

writer will show the other pictures and conversation below which show the other

proof that low self-esteem exists.

Picture 9 Picture 10

00:47:46 01:53:53

26

Picture 11 Picture 12

01:16:58 01:43:13

From the picture above the writer notice that Main characters Daniel Lugo

show the signs of low self-esteem. From the picture 9, Daniel Lugo doing some

bullying to Victor Kershaw for getting his wealthy. Daniel and his friend torturing

victor when asking all of their victim’s wealthy, except Paul Doyle. For the next

picture 10, Daniel Lugo is being denying the reality and constantly negative. In that

scene Daniel was just caught by the police and he still continue his robbery from

the victim’s wealth in other country, Daniel is still chasing by the police when he

trying get the other wealth from his victim. He doesn’t try to get out, or hiding in

some place, but he is still following his selfish need to get those wealth. For the

picture 11 and 12, this is show some constantly negative too. Paul Doyle is a crystal

meth addict, after his money is empty or bankrupt, he is will hungry again. Paul

Doyle is being a thief in that situations, he is robbing the money from the police,

who just take some money bags from the store and want to save it in the bank.

Moreover, he gets shot from the officer when he running. Furthermore, he still

wants to rob some wealth from the other victim, from the man he knew that he is

also got a lot of money. For the conversation below the writer also seen some signs

which is denying the reality.

27

Here it some monolog from Daniel that he was just denying the reality from

his situations, to get something which is his wish for living in the luxurious lifestyle.

Daniel Lugo: I'm a do-er with a 3-finger plan. Finger 1, find a guy with money.

Finger 2, make him give you everything he owns. Finger 3, make America a better

place. Leave the guy broke and clueless as to who made him that way.

(Pain and Gain, 00:14:41 00:15:00)

From the sentence “. Finger 2, make him give you everything he owns”, the

writer notice that Daniel wants to deny the reality because he is trying to acquire

the wealth using shortcut, not like a normal. He is extorting his wealthy client in

Sun Gym.

After that the writer also found another sign in Pain and Gain movie. It’s

about feeling inferior. Feeling inferior means a person feeling lower than another

in rank, status, or ability, the writer notices it in some main character monologue,

Daniel Lugo. It’s said “This all began because it was time to push myself harder.

To maximize results. And I was tired of clients petting me. Shit, otherwise I was

looking at another 40 years of wearing sweatpants to work”.

(Pain and Gain, 00:05:34 - 00:05:44)

The monologue above she the sign of low self-esteem, Daniel felt so inferior

to his new wealthy client, because victor who is his client always telling Daniel

Lugo about his wealth, and then Daniel feeling envy and desperate, because he felt

his status or situations can’t be fulfill something that he wants. Furthermore, Daniel

rigidly or stubborn for his evil shortcut plan, to fulfill his needs.

28

After that the write notices, the other signs of low self-esteem in those main

characters. Behaving in a boastful, feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by

which is measure self-worth, or being a reason for pride

(http://www.thefreedictionary.com). Those main characters, never felt life in

luxurious, fancy life, even at once, so the writer thought it was one of the factor

why those main character being boastful after they got some big money from their

extortion. The writer will show some picture which is those main characters show

their boastful style.

Picture 13 picture 14

01:05:04 01:05:58

Picture 15 picture 16

00:47:53 01:05:03

The writer will start from Paul Doyle. From the picture that the writer show,

it happened when he use his dirty money for some luxurious car, clothes and

jewerly, and also the coccain which he loves. He’s feeling great at all (see picture

29

13). Furthermore for Adrian Doorbal, he bought a luxury mansion in one of the

city's premier compounds for his marriage (see picture 14) , and then he took the

tasty reuben, it is an expensive famous racing dog at that time, so he proudly bring

tasty reuben in the field (see picture 15). The last is Daniel Lugo, he took the 3

Million dollars victor’s house, who is the victim from the extortion. He’s feeling

great in that time. Daniel directly remove the sign name in home post box, which is

before written by the owner Victor Kershaw. so that the neighbour know that the

house is already Daniel’s property. So that’s a few signs the result from lack of

self-esteem.

30

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

Based on true story, Pain an Gain movie tells a story about three

body builders whose doing some kidnapping and extortion scheme goes

terribly wrong since they have muscles for brains. Daniel Lugo. Lugo

is employed as a trainer and consultant at the gym that he belong to and

wants to be the most successful person he can be with the help of a

sleazy motivational speaker, he aims for the top . Then enters Victor

Kershaw, a Colombian immigrant and semi wealthy restaurant franchise

owner who joins the gym. The manically picky Kershaw begins to taunt

every aspect of the workout he's being provided with. Eventually Lugo

decide that he had enough of his madness. Furthermore Daniel feeling

bored and desperate being compared to Kershaw luxurious life, Daniel

start questioning about his life needs fullfilments, and suddenly came

the idea that a good body shape like the three of them deserves more

than just a personal trainer inside a gym, and they start kidnpping, and

doing some excessive torturing, to fullfil their needs.

This research includes the main characters self esteem in Pain and

Gain movie through hierarchy of human needs concept belong to

Abraham H. Maslow. the main characters pursuing success with a

shortcut, and the shortcut is doing some terribly kidnapping and

torturing wealthy people. Moreover this research illustrated the way

31

main characters whose is Daniel Lugo and his two friends, doing big

mistake to achieves their self esteem, and then reveal the signs from lack

in self esteem needs.

According to Maslow’s statement, if the desired needs are not

fulfilled perfectly, then the resulting feelings of anxiety, insecurity,

weakness, despair, depression, anger, or other forms of neurosis. The

writer notice that the form of neurosis in Pain and Gain is the criminal

acts which did by the main characters in the movie. In this case those

main characters doing the common phenomenon of misunderstanding

of many people which is founds by Maslow, and then also expect

appreciation not based on capacity, competence, and other real things.

Then these people will seek a shortcut for the fulfillment of their self-

esteem needs. Then this kind of appreciation will be pseudo, fake and

temporary, and in the end this shortcut way will have a negative impact

on the fulfillment of its own needs (Setiawan 151).

B. Suggestions

This research uses the theory of Abraham H. Maslow about

hierarchy of needs to explain, illustrate, and describe the problem in self-

esteem needs, which the writer seen from Pain and Gain movie by

famous movie director, Steven Spielberg. The writer used Abraham H.

Maslow’s theory because it can reveal the causes, raises the reason why

the main characters commit crimes, in the side of humanistic

psychology.

32

The writer suggests to the reader the author gives suggestions to

discuss the problem of this crime from the side of psychoanalysis, his

example with the theory possessed by Sigmund Freud, which has an

illustrated human mind in a picture of an iceberg, and it contains Id, Ego

and Super-Ego that control the desire and the willingness of a human to

do good or bad. The writer indicates analyze Pain and Gain movie with

the theory that the reader can be better understand the nature or

personality of each main characters, and can explain it in more detail in

terms of a human desire.

The writer hopes that this research the authors hope that this research

can be useful for the reader, especially the readers who want to know

about self-esteem, as well as about the hierarchy of human needs by

Abraham H. Maslow. Furthermore, the authors also hope that this

research can be a reference for the readers who wants to create similar

research, which is useful for the development of learning literature,

especially for all English Letters Department, and Humanities Faculty

of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic State University Jakarta.

33

WORKS CITED

t.thn. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary. 12 09 2017.

<http://www.thefreedictionary.com/boastful>.

bambang dan ayam . ayam greng. ciputat: kompas, 1998.

Delepierre, Bruno. http://www.happonomy.org. 2016. 26 august 2017.

Fone, Helena. “Spotting The Signs of Self-Esteem.” Fone, Helena. Emotional Freedom

Technique. west sussex: Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2008. 96.

Goble, Frank G. Mazhab Ketiga, Psikologi Humanistik Abraham Maslow. Yogyakarta:

Penerbit Kanisius, 1987.

Imdb. 26 April 2013. Tuesday August 2017. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1980209/>.

Janovsky, Angela. “Character in Literature: Definition, Types & Development.” 2003-

2017. http://study.com. Transcript. 4 august 2017.

<http://study.com/academy/lesson/character-in-literature-definition-types-

development.html>.

Moleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Rosda Karya, 2005.

Olson, Ann. https://www.psychologytoday.com. 13 august 2013. monday august 2017.

<https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/theory-and-

psychopathology/201308/the-theory-self-actualization>.

Pulkkinen, Dr. “Agressive Behavior.” Offensive and defensive aggression in humans: A

longitudinal perspective (1987).

<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1098-

2337(1987)13:4%3C197::AID-AB2480130404%3E3.0.CO;2-E/abstract>.

Setiawan, Hendro. Manusia Utuh, Sebuah Kajian Atas Pemikiran Abraham Maslow.

Yogyakarta: PENERBIT PT KANISIUS, 2014.

Stefano I. Di Domenico, Marc A. Fournier. “Self Esteem.” Stefano I. Di Domenico, Marc

A. Fournier. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Penyunt.

Editors: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford. Publisher: Springer International

Publishing, 2017.