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Islam(Arabic for “surrender to God”)
Where is Islam practiced?
Monotheistic Religions
Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad
Noah, Abraham, Moses, & Jesus
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Important prophets(Messengers)
Ramadan
Eid al-Fitr (last day of Ramadan)
Eid el-Adha (to remember Abraham’s sacrifice)
Easter
Christmas
Passover
Rosh Hashanah
Yom Kippur
Chanakkuh
Major holidays
MosqueChurchSynagoguePlace of worship
ImamPriestRabbiClergy
The KoranThe Bible
(Old Test. + N.T.)Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)
Sacred text
Mecca, Medina, & Jerusalem
JerusalemJerusalemHoly city
610 CE33 CE2000 BCEDate founded
1.5 billion2.1 billion14 millionNumber of followers
MuslimsChristiansJewsFollowers
ONE!ONE!ONE!# of gods
Point for Peace?
IslamChristianityJudaismCategory
why do you consider the sacred texts to
be a “Point of Peace”?
Jews, Christians, and Muslims all read
different books!
The Hebrew Bible, the Holy Bible, and
the Koran tell many of the same stories
about many of the same prophets!
The Torah
(the first five books of the
Hebrew Bible)
Common Prophets
• The Koran mentions
_________ 25 timesAdam
• The Koran mentions
_________ 43 times
Common Prophets
Noah
• The Koran mentions
_________ 69 times
Common Prophets
Abraham
• The Koran
mentions
___________ 139
times!
Common Prophets
Moses
• The Koran mentions __________ 25 times
Common Prophets
Jesus
Important Prophets
JEWS
CHRISTIANS
MUSLIMS
• The Koran mentions Jesus 25 times– "O People of the Book!
Commit no excesses in your religion: Nor say of Allah aught but the truth. Christ Jesus…was (no more than) an apostle of Allah, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in Allah and His apostles. Say not "Trinity" : desist: it will be better for you: for Allah is one Allah. Glory be to Him: (far exalted is He) above having a son.”
– Allah = name for God in Islam
Common Prophets:
Jesus
The Last Prophet?
• Who do Christians believe was the last
prophet?
CHRISTIANS
The Last Prophet?
MUSLIMS
• Who do Muslims believe was the last
prophet?
Why doesn’t Muhammad have a
face in these pictures?
• It is considered
blasphemy to draw
Muhammad’s face
– Blasphemy = disrespect
for God or holy things
The Last Prophet:
Muhammad
• Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca
• At that time, most people from Mecca were polytheistic and worshipped 360 gods– Polytheism: belief in
many gods
– poly = many; theo = god
• Muhammad was dissatisfied with his life, so he went to meditate in a cave
Four Important Events in
Muhammad’s Life
• Muhammad receives message from Allah
• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem
• Muhammad flees to Medina
• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army
Muhammad Receives Message From Allah
610 CE
• The angel Gabrielvisited Muhammad and said:
• “Recite in the name of thy Lord who created! He created man from a clot of blood. Recite; and thy Lord is the Most bountiful, He who hath taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not.”– The Koran
The Koran
• Muhammad’s messages from Gabriel over the next 22 years became the Koran
• Muslims believe that the Koran completes the holy writings of the Jews and the Christians, but it is even holier because it is made up of Allah’s actual words
Muslims fast from
sunrise to sunset during
the month of Ramadan
to remember the first
messages Muhammad
received from Allah
Fast = to not eat
Muhammad receives first message from Allah
• In your notes, provide
a summary for the
event “Muhammad
receives first message
from Allah – 610 CE”
• Be sure to use the
following words:
Muhammad, Gabriel,
recite, Koran
DO NOW: Check homework
Four Important Events in
Muhammad’s Life
• Muhammad receives message from Allah
• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem
• Muhammad flees to Medina
• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army
Muhammad’s
Night Journey
620 CE
• “Glory to (Allah)
who did take His
servant for a
Journey by night
from the Sacred
Mosque to the
farthest Mosque.”
– The Koran
• Muhammad was praying
at the Ka’bah in Mecca
when the angel Gabriel
brought him a buraq
• The buraq carried
Muhammad to a mosque
in Jerusalem
Muhammad prayed
with Jewish and Christian prophets
• Muhammad tethered the buraq to the Wailing Wall and then led Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus in prayer
• Muhammad toured the seven circles of heaven– He saw an angel with 70,000
heads, each head having 70,000 mouths, each mouth having 70,000 tongues, each tongue speaking 70,000 languages; and every one singing Allah's praises
• That’s 24 quintillion languages!
• Allah told Muhammad to pray 50 times a day
• Moses warned Muhammad that 50 times is too much
• Muhammad convinced Allah to lower it to 5 times a day
Muhammad rose to heaven
to meet with Allah
Jerusalem TodayJews call this holy place The Temple Mount
Muslims call this place The Noble Sanctuary
The Western Wall
aka the Wailing Wall
Al Aqsa MosqueDome of the Rock
Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem
• In your notes, provide a
summary for the event
“Muhammad journeys to
Jerusalem – 620 CE”
• Be sure to use the following words: Key vocabulary: buraq, Jerusalem, Western Wall, Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, prayer, heaven, angel, Allah
Four Important Events in
Muhammad’s Life
• Muhammad receives message from Allah
• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem
• Muhammad flees to Medina
• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army
The Persecution of Muhammad
• T • People traveled to Mecca from all
over the world to pray to 360 gods
at the Ka’bah
• For a while, this made Mecca
very rich!
• However, once Muhammad
started to preach about ONE god,
less people came to the Ka’bah and
Meccan merchants made less
money.
• ROLE PLAY: If you sit on the
right, pretend you are a Meccan
merchant. If you sit on the left,
pretend you are Muhammad.
• Meccan merchant, tell
Muhammad how you feel.
• Muhammad, defend yourself!
•Meccan merchants began to
dislike Muhammad, and so they
boycotted Muslim businesses
• boycott: to refuse to buy
something
• Meccan merchants even
threatened to kill Muhammad!
• Review:
• How were the Jews
persecuted?
• How were the Christians
persecuted?
One Form of Persecution: Boycott
• Around 620 CE,
Muslim businesses
were boycotted.
• In 1933, the Germans
began to boycott
Jewish businesses.
This is how the
Holocaust began. A Nazi officer posts a sign that reads:
“Germans! Defend yourselves! Do
not buy from Jews!”
The Persecution of Muhammad
• Muhammad tried to convince the polytheistic Meccans that only one God exists
• Even after he split the moon in half, most Meccans did not believe him!
• So, Muhammad had to flee to Medina to save his life!
Don’t you people ever get confused with 360 gods? Do
you have 360 gods for the 360 degrees of a circle that
your head spins when you try to remember all of their
names? I can hardly remember all the names of my wives
much less the names of 360 gods. Do you really think that
you have a better chance at getting what you want just
because you have more gods? Well, I only have one God
and he’s Allah need… get it? No? Okay, okay, fine, put
down your swords already. I’m gonna run away to Medina
for eight years, but I promise you, when I return, I’m gonna
Mecca you a Muslim!
Muhammad and
the “People of the Book”• Many Jews and Christians lived in Medina
• Muhammad asked his followers to respect
Christians and Jews
• Like Muslims, these “People of the Book”
believed in one God
• In the Constitution of Medina, Muhammad
declared that Muslims will be allies with
Christians and Jews
Muhammad and
the “People of the Book”• In 627 CE, the
polytheistic
Meccans
besieged Medina
• Muhammad
believed that the
Jews would
betray him and
take the side of
the Meccans
We must
defend
Medina!
Pray to 360
gods or
DIE!
Muhammad and
the “People of the Book”• In 627 CE, the
polytheistic Meccans
besieged Medina
• Muhammad believed
that the Jews would
betray him and take the
side of the Meccans
• Muhammad and his
followers killed 600-900
Jewish people
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
1948 - ???
Muhammad flees to Medina
• In your notes, provide a
summary for the event
“Muhammad flees to
Medina”
• Be sure to use the following words: Key vocabulary: polytheists, persecute, boycott, Medina, People of the Book
Four Important Events in
Muhammad’s Life
• Muhammad receives message from Allah
• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem
• Muhammad flees to Medina
• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army
Muhammad Returns to Mecca
• Eight years later,
Muhammad
returned to
Mecca with an
army of 10,000
In the Ka’bah, Muhammad destroyed statues of
the 360 gods. He declared that the Ka’bah should
be for just ONE god: Allah.
polytheistic monotheistic
Muhammad returns to Mecca
• In your notes, provide a
summary for the event
“Muhammad flees to
Medina”
• Be sure to use the following words: army, Mecca, Ka’bah (the big black building), 360 gods, one god
Muhammad died in 632 and
was buried in Medina