an apple a day keeps the doctor away?
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Food Insecurity and Health Inequities. An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away?. Jennifer TayloR Department of Applied Human Sciences Mar 11, 2014. Outline. 1. A Sad State of Affairs 2. Why are Islanders struggling to put food on the table? 3. Health inequities and food insecurity - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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J E N N I F E R TAY LO RD E PA RT M E N T O F A P P L I E D
H U M A N S C I E N C E SM A R 1 1 , 2 0 1 4
AN APPLE A DAY KEEPS THE DOCTOR AWAY?
Food Insecurity and Health Inequities
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OUTLINE
• 1. A Sad State of Affairs• 2. Why are Islanders struggling to put food on the table? • 3. Health inequities and food insecurity• 4. What can we do?
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1. A SAD STATE OF AFFAIRS
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FOOD INSECURITY
inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints
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Global
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Local
National
Regional
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http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/
Household
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http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/
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ATLANTIC PROVINCES WORST IN COUNTRY-EXCEPT FOR TERRITORIES, NUNAVUT
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Tarasuk et al. http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/
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2. WHY ARE SO MANY ISLANDERS STRUGGLING TO PUT FOOD ON THE
TABLE?
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IN CANADA, THE MAJORITY OF FOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDS ARE WORKING
Tarasuk et al. http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/
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Tarasuk et al. http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/
!
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• Housing
• Heating costs
• Prescription drugs
• Childcare
• Transportation
RISING COSTS STEAL GROCERY $
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•Healthier diets cost $1.48/person/ day more•Family of 3: $133/month MORE
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PEI FOOD BANK AND FOOD COSTING STUDY
• Food costing in Charlottetown grocery stores• Same method as 2005 (last time!)
• Charlottetown Food Bank clients• 51 mothers• Food insecurity rates?• Dietary intakes?• Which factors buffer impact of food insecurity?
• Data collection complete by September• Report release in 2014• Taylor, Walton, Oickle,Yeudall
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Walton, C, Taylor, J, Oickle, J. Prince Edward Island Pilot Food Costing Report . University of Prince Edward Island, 2013
FOOD PRICES HAVE ESCALATED
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Walton, C, Taylor, J, Oickle, J. Prince Edward Island Pilot Food Costing Report University of Prince Edward Island, 2013
MONTHLY DEFICITS
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http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/story/2012/11/14/pei-gettingby2-f-food-584.html
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3. HEALTH INEQUITIES AND FOOD INSECURITY
Nutrition Disease Mental Health
Education & Literacy
Health Inequities: unfair and unjust differences in health status
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NUTRITION
Qualitative compromises infood selection
Quantitative compromises infood intake, hunger Dietary
inadequaciesTarasuk, V
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NUTRITION
MORE
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NUTRITION
LESS
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DISEASE
• Higher rates of diabetes, heart disease
• Depression
• Children: more illness, medications
• More obesity• Conflicting evidence
http://www.cwhn.ca/en/networkmagazine/foodinsecurity
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“HUNGER OVERWEIGHT PARADOX”
http://www.bitchinnutrition.com/food-for-thought/the-hunger-and-overweight-paradox/
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Health Outcome Food Insecure
Marginal food insecure
Food Secure
Child health fair/poor 16.1 11.7 10.1Hospitalized since birth 24.7 24.2 23.3Overweight 16 15.5 16.5Developmental concern ≥1 20.0 17.2 14.4Developmental concern ≥2 11.3 9.7 8.5
Caregiver depression 38.7 28.2 17.8Caregiver health fair/poor 33.3 22.2 17.1
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MENTAL HEALTH
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MENTAL HEALTH
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Other health professional care
Primary care physician expenses
Rehabilitation
Terminal care
Hospitalization
Medications
Emergency Care
Specialist Care
Home care
Counseling
Direct Costs • Self reported poor health
• Depression• Anxiety • Suicide• Migraines• Iron Deficiencies• Hospitalizations• Upper
gastrointestinal disorders
• Colds
$130.5 Billion
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EDUCATION AND LITERACY
• Children K to Gr 3 with food stamp participation
reading and math scores by 3 points
• Hungry children twice as likely to have repeated a grade
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FAILING TO ENSURE THE ‘RIGHT TO FOOD’: TOO HIGH A PRICE
•Health care•Mental health•Education•Productivity•Quality of life
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4. WHAT CAN WE DO?
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FOOD BANKS AND SOUP KITCHENS: EMERGENCY CHARITY RESPONSES
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COMMUNITY KITCHENS
http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/About-Us/Programs/Community-Kitchen-Fund.aspx http://www.freshchoicekitchens.ca/
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COMMUNITY GARDENS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RSn9d9pMN8
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FOOD BOXES, CSA,CO-OPS
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EVALUATION
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http://sustainontario.com/resources/food-charters
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http://peoplesfoodpolicy.ca/policy/resetting-table-peoples-food-policy-canada
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ADDRESSING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS MUST BE A KEY FOCUS
http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-risks/nutrition/reviews/other-reviews
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ACTION NEEDED.
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IF WE WANT TO SEE IMPROVEMENTS IN
• Eating habits• Heart disease• Cancer• Obesity• Children’s school performance•Mental health
We need to address the root cause: food insecurity
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THE RIGHT THE RIGHT TO TO GOOD FOOD GOOD HEALTH