An Architecture based on a Social-An Architecture based on a Social-Economic Approach for Flexible Grid Economic Approach for Flexible Grid

Resource AllocationResource Allocation

Mr. Gabriele Pierantoni, Mr. Gabriele Pierantoni, Dr. Eamonn Kenny, Dr. Eamonn Kenny, Dr. Brian CoghlanDr. Brian Coghlan

Trinity College DublinTrinity College Dublin

Resource AllocationResource Allocation

• Grid Resource Allocation is complex:Grid Resource Allocation is complex:– Resources belong to different domainsResources belong to different domains– Resources are subject to different policies Resources are subject to different policies – Resources are geographically distributed.Resources are geographically distributed.

• It is difficult to decide what “optimality” It is difficult to decide what “optimality” is. is.

Resource Allocation Resource Allocation ScenariosScenarios• Cooperative Scenarios:Cooperative Scenarios:

– Charity: Seti projectCharity: Seti project– Sharing of resource among institutions.Sharing of resource among institutions.

• Competitive Scenarios:Competitive Scenarios:– Buying and selling of resources in a Buying and selling of resources in a

MarketMarket

• Keynesian Scenario:Keynesian Scenario:– Investment in Hardware/Software that is Investment in Hardware/Software that is

used by different usersused by different users

Social and Economic Social and Economic PerspectivePerspective• Problem: Mankind faced similar problems in Problem: Mankind faced similar problems in

allocating/managing limited resources in allocating/managing limited resources in pursuit of its goals.pursuit of its goals.

• Solution:Solution:– societies societies – competitive and/or co-operative exchanges.competitive and/or co-operative exchanges.

• Social-economic paradigm is increasingly Social-economic paradigm is increasingly being used for Grid Resource Allocation and being used for Grid Resource Allocation and Sharing.Sharing.

Primary Services

Intermediate Service

The process of computationThe process of computationFinal Service

(Job)

CPU Memory Connection Data

Production and supply Production and supply chainschains

• EconomicEconomic • Co-operativeCo-operative

Service Supply Chain

Payment Chain

Service Supply Chain

Endowments, Needs, Supplies and Endowments, Needs, Supplies and DemandsDemandsModel actors/resource with following Model actors/resource with following

paradigm.paradigm.• Endowment: set of resources owned by Endowment: set of resources owned by

actoractor• Needs: set of resources needed by actorNeeds: set of resources needed by actor• Supplies: set of resources that the actor has Supplies: set of resources that the actor has

in abundance.in abundance.• Demands: the set of resources that the Demands: the set of resources that the

actor cannot cover with its endowment.actor cannot cover with its endowment.

Endowments, Needs, Supplies Endowments, Needs, Supplies and Demands - Relationsand Demands - Relations

• ScarcityScarcity– Supplies = {}Supplies = {}– Demands = Endowment Demands = Endowment (! Needs) (! Needs)– Satisfied Needs = NeedsSatisfied Needs = Needs

• AbundanceAbundance– Supplies = Endowment Supplies = Endowment !(Needs) !(Needs)– Demands = { }Demands = { }– Satisfied Needs = NeedsSatisfied Needs = Needs

Grid AgentsGrid Agents• Grid Agents are at the convergence of Grid Agents are at the convergence of

three flows of information:three flows of information:– ProductionProduction– RulesRules– OwnershipOwnership

Grid Agent

Service n-1Service nProduction Process

Access RightsRules

Social Grid Agent

Social Grid AgentsSocial Grid Agents• The Rules and Ownership Information The Rules and Ownership Information

flows are regulated by the flows are regulated by the relationship that Grid Agents have relationship that Grid Agents have with other Grid Agents.with other Grid Agents.

Grid Agent

Social Layer

Production

Rules Ownership

Competitive society

Co-operative society

Grid SocietiesGrid Societies

• In Grid Societies, Grid Agents co-In Grid Societies, Grid Agents co-operate and compete under the operate and compete under the same set of rules.same set of rules.

Grid Agent

Grid Agent

Grid Agent

Co-operative Grid SocietiesCo-operative Grid Societies• In a co-operative Grid Society the actors involved In a co-operative Grid Society the actors involved

devolve part of their endowment to the Tribe.devolve part of their endowment to the Tribe.

• There can be different ways to leverage the There can be different ways to leverage the usage of resources from the tribe members:usage of resources from the tribe members:– None: Resources given until they are availableNone: Resources given until they are available– Communism: Each is entitled the same amount Communism: Each is entitled the same amount

of resources.of resources.– Meritocracy: The amount of resources available Meritocracy: The amount of resources available

to each member is proportional to their past to each member is proportional to their past and present contributions.and present contributions.

Competitive-Economic Grid Competitive-Economic Grid SocietiesSocieties

• In competitive Grid Societies resources In competitive Grid Societies resources are sold and bought in a Market.are sold and bought in a Market.

• There are many possible economic There are many possible economic models to be used:models to be used:– BargainingBargaining– Posted Price ModelPosted Price Model– AuctionsAuctions– Call for tenders.Call for tenders.

ConclusionsConclusions

• Social and economic paradigm can Social and economic paradigm can be used to implement grid resource be used to implement grid resource allocation strategies.allocation strategies.

• Economic models can be used in Economic models can be used in competitive scenarios.competitive scenarios.

• Social models can be used in co-Social models can be used in co-operative scenariosoperative scenarios