an era of protest and change
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An Era of Protest and Change. Chapter 170. The Counterculture. Chapter 17 section 1. The Rise of the Youth Movement. Made up mostly of white middle-class college students Disillusioned with the Vietnam War and injustices during the 1960s Turned their backs on traditional American society. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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An Era of Protest and Change
Chapter 170
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The Counterculture
Chapter 17 section 1
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The Rise of the Youth Movement
• Made up mostly of white middle-class college students
• Disillusioned with the Vietnam War and injustices during the 1960s
• Turned their backs on traditional American society
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The Counterculture
• “Tune in, Turn on, Drop out”
• Members of counterculture called hippies
• Did not like materialism, technology, and war of American society
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The Counterculture
• What did many youth attempt to create?
• An idyllic setting for peace, love, and harmony.
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Hippie Culture
• Marked by rock-n-roll music, outrageous clothing, sexual freedom, and illegal drugs
• Who promoted LSD?• Harvard Professor
Timothy Leary
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Hippie Culture
• Also rejected conventional home life and joined communes
• Where was the so called Hippie capitol?
• Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco
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Decline in the Movement
• After only a few years, the counterculture’s peace and harmony gave way to violence and disillusionment
• List examples– Manson Family Murders– Altamont Raceway
Concert
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A Changing Culture• Although short lived, some
aspects of the counterculture left a more lasting imprint on the world.
• Art• The 1960s saw a rise in pop
art (popular art)• Identify Andy Warhol• Led to the rise of Pop-Art
which shunned traditional painting and sculpture
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Rock Music
• Beatles- the band that helped propel rock music into mainstream
• One example of rock’s popularity occurred august 1969 in a farm in upstate New York Woodstock
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Changing Attitudes
• “Do your own thing” faded from the counterculture movement
• The prime example was sexual revolution
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The Conservative Response
• In the late 1960s many people believed the country was losing its sense of right and wrong
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Conservatives Attack Counterculture
• What were some of the arguments of conservatives?– Increase in divorces, drug
uses- overall decay or morals in US society
• The angry response of mainstream Americans caused a profound change in the political landscape in US
• Conservative movement took hold
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Women Fight for Equality
• Betty Friedman wrote a book, The Feminine Mystique, that talked about how many women were not satisfied with their place in society
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New Women’s Movement Arises
• Feminism- the belief that women should have economic, political and social equality with men
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Women in the Workplace
• Jobs available to women- mostly clerical, domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching, and nursing paid poorly
• Were not paid the same of promoted as frequent
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Women and Activism
• Ironically where were women discriminated in the 60s?– The Civil Rights and
Anti-War Movement• These experiences led
women to organize themselves
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The Women’s Movement Emerges
• The Feminine Mystique became a best seller and helped to galvanize women across the country- by the late 1960s women were working together for change
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The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses
• The Creation of NOW– Betty Friedman created
the National organization for women in 1966 to pursue women’s goals
– Identify some of these goals
– Equal opportunity at work and education
– Creation of more childcare facilities
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A Diverse Movement• 175,000 women joined
NOW in the first 3 years• New York Radical Women
demonstrated at the Miss America Pageant– Dressed up a sheep and
declared it Miss America• Gloria Steinem founded a
liberal group that encourage women to seek political office
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Legal and Social Change
• Excluding girls from male sports was questioned
• Gender discrimination in education was banned
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Roe V. Wade
• NOW supported a woman’s choice to have an abortion
• The Supreme court agreed and made abortion legal in 1973
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Equal Rights Amendment• Congress passed the Equal
Rights Amendment in 1972• What did this amendment
propose?• Men and women would have
complete equality under the Constitution.
• Who was Phyllis Schlafly?• Conservative woman who
successfully led the campaign to block the movement
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New Rights Emerge
• In order to combat the ERA, pro-abortion supporters, conservatives built what the called a new “pro-family” movement
• They were able to block the ERA from passing
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The Movement’s Legacy
• Despite the ERA’s defeat the women’s movement– Altered society in
countless ways– Such as transforming
women’s conventional roles and their attitudes towards career and family
• The movement also succeeded in expanding opportunities for women
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Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality
• The Latino Presence grows
• During the 1960s the Latino Population in the U.S. grew from 3 to 9 million
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Latinos Varied in Origin• Mexicans-largest group
(southwest and California)• Puerto Ricans- began
migrating in 1898 (east coast cities; New York)
• Cubans- New York City, New Jersey, Miami (fled communist rule)
• Encountered racisms, most lived in segregated barrios or neighborhoods
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Latinos Fight For Change
• As their presence grew so did their demand for greater representation and better treatment
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The Farm Worker Movement
• Key organizer was Caesar Chavez– Believed in non-violence– Used boycott of grapes
to get their union accepted
• United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
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Cultural pride
• “Brown Power” movements were started all over the country
• Demanded bilingual Education
• Money for heritage programs
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Political Power
• During the 1960s 8 Hispanic Americans served in the House
• What was La Raza Unida?
• Latino political organization whose goal was to help Latino Americans get elected
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Environmentalists Speak Out
• 1960s-1970s scientists learned more about toxic waste
• Toxic waste- poisonous byproduct of human activity
• Concerns over- coal, smog, pesticide abuse, and polluted rivers
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Environmentalists Speak Out
• Rachael Carson writes Silent Spring– Describes the deadly
affect of pesticides that they were having on birds and animals
• She insisted human activity drastically altered the environment
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• Her work caused Congress to bad DDT– DDT was a pesticide
• 1968 Cuyahoga River catches fire in Cleveland Ohio
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Inaugurating Earth Day• Nationwide protest called
for Earth Day• Cuyahoga River fire made
it seem like predictions were coming true
• April 22, 1970 First Earth Day, 20 million people took part
• There were concerns if government should take over private property
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A President Turns Environmentalist
• 1970 Nixon asks Congress to create Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)– Mission to protect the
entire ecological chain– Sought to eliminate
pollutants
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A President Turns Environmentalist
• Nixon signs Clean Air Act (1970) to combat pollutants
• Clean Water Act (1973) limit pollution by agriculture and industry
• Endangered Species Act (1973) promote the protection of endangered species and animals