an essay on sharing express box under sharing logistics*

2.Ling Jin Byung Cho Kim().hwp- 9 -
Sharing Logistics*

its status
. Discussion
Abstract
Sharing economy has emerged as a viable business model in various industries.
Successful examples include Uber and Airbnb. In the logistics context, sharing trend
has captivated attention from practitioners. “Everything sharing” is by no means a
slogan, sharing the express box also successfully entered the consumer's life by the
“Double 11” trend (Double 11: Double Eleven Shopping Carnival refers to the online
promotion day of November 11th every year, which is originated from the online
promotion held by Taobao Mall). In fact, the sharing express box is not a simple
derivative of the sharing economy, but a self-adjustment made by related industries
under the protection of the environment. Undoubtedly, sharing express boxes provide
* This research was financially supported by the Institute of Information and Operations
Management, Seoul National University.
** M.S. Student, Department of Logistics, Service and Operations Management, Korea
University Business School, Korea University ([email protected])
*** Professor, Department of Logistics, Service and Operations Management, Korea University
Business School, Korea University ([email protected]), Corresponding Author

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a new idea for solving the problems of over-packaging and express garbage. It creates
a new opportunity for green logistics which aims to protect environment. This paper
examines the types of express package and the problems surrounding the business
model of sharing express boxes. Design analysis was carried out for the emergence
and the operation model of sharing express boxes. In addition, the case analysis of
the rental mode of the “sharing express box” and the case analysis of the self-operating
mode were introduced, and the comparison of the two modes and the enlightenment
obtained were carried out. Finally, through the green sharing, the prospect of the
sharing box is introduced.
. Introduction
With the development of the economy, a new model has emerged - the sharing
economy. People can share their idle items with others to make a profit. Nowadays,
with the different needs of consumers, shared products are also diverse, for example,
bicycles (Bicycle-sharing), cars (Uber), short-term rental (Airbnb, Xiaozhu), clothing
(YCLOSET), and furniture supplies (Woaijia). From the perspective of consumers,
they can earn profits by letting others share the items. The platform that offers a
playground and connects consumers earns profit by charging membership and/or
transaction fees. They do not need a large investment and have their own property.
From the perspective of the service recipient, it is possible to share the demand with
a more favorable price. In addition, the reuse of product can be socially beneficial by
reducing garbage, which plays a big role in protecting the environment.
The sharing economy has brought new opportunities and challenges to various
sectors of the industry, and the logistics industry is no exception. Logistics plays an
increasingly important role in the modern economy and is a network system that
connects producers, sellers, and consumers. With the comprehensive promotion of
China's “Internet Plus” strategy, with the help of modern information technology such
An Essay on Sharing Express Box under Sharing Logistics
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as the Internet, Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and artificial
intelligence, the logistics industry is undergoing profound changes, and the new
format of sharing logistics presents great potential for development.
In 2013, the total cost of social logistics in China accounted for about 18% of GDP,
nearly twice that of developed countries. Since then, it has been decreasing year by
year. By the first quarter of 2017, this proportion has fallen to 14.6%, but it is still
significantly higher than that of developed countries. The vacant driving of more
than 20 million trucks nationwide has aggravated environmental pollution, the
quality of logistics and express service is not balanced, the logistics enterprise
equipment has not realized data interconnection, and the problem of information
isolation is outstanding. At present, China's economic development has entered a
critical period of improving quality and efficiency. Under the background of rising
factor cost rigidity and difficulty in reducing operating costs, the upward pressure on
logistics costs is still large, and the structural reform of the supply side of the
logistics industry is an arduous task.
The sharing model is expected to become a new breakthrough in the logistics
industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency. In August 2017, the General Office
of the State Council issued the “Opinions on Further Promoting Logistics Cost
Reduction and Efficiency Improvement to Promote the Development of the Real
Economy.” It is clearly proposed to rely on the Internet, big data, cloud computing,
and other advanced information technologies to increase policy support, foster a
group of leading enterprises, and further promote the pilot work of car-free carriers.
Through the establishment of the internet platform, a variety of systems are enabled,
including innovative logistics resource allocation methods that expand the scope of
resource allocation, real-time sharing, and intelligent matching of freight supply and
demand information, and reducing idle transportation and idle logistics resources.
The development of these new systems for sharing logistics creates new business
opportunities.
From a practical perspective, there have been multiple models of sharing logistics.
The first is the sharing of logistics resources. The sharing platform that realizes

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efficient matching of freight vehicles and freight resources enables “cars to find goods,
goods to find cars” and reduces the return rate of trucks back to the city. Yunmanman
is a freight dispatching platform based on cloud computing, big data, mobile internet,
and artificial intelligence technology that founded in 2013. Its business model is
simple and efficient, which provides real-time information matching for cargo owners
and drivers. It can quickly find goods and cars on the same platform, which greatly
reduces the freight no-load ratio and improves the operational efficiency of logistics.
At present, the number of real-name registered heavy-duty truck is more than 390
million, the number of cargo owner is more than 850,000, the daily transaction bill is
240,000, and the daily trading volume is about 1.5 billion yuan. The business covers
315 cities nationwide. The platform has gathered nearly 80% of the country's trunk
heavy-duty truck capacity. The monthly mileage of bicycles on the platform has
increased from 9,000 kilometers to 12,000 kilometers, and the average time for
finding goods has been reduced from 2.27 days to 0.38 days. The “National Mainline
Logistics Dispatching System” based on artificial intelligence realizes smart car cargo
matching, intelligent real-time scheduling, intelligent standard quotation, and
intelligent map tracing.
Second, the crowdsourcing logistics model improves distribution efficiency. The
Everyone Express Platform is a crowdsourcing platform that provides the same city
errands service that founded in 2011. The platform has accumulated millions of free
users, providing help for tens of millions of users in nearly 70 cities across the country.
The service is directly delivered to the city and is used by the nearby personnel to
carry out the distribution service. Compared with the traditional model, the time for
picking up the parts is greatly reduced, and the efficiency is improved. On the US
group platform, the number of registered riders is about 2 million, and the number of
active riders is about 600,000. The application of the “smart O2O real-time dispatching
system” shortens the single-average delivery time to 28 minutes, and the punctuality
rate exceeds 98%. Compared with the past, the per capita day volume of delivery
orders increased by 46%, and the cost per delivery was reduced by 20%.
The third is the sharing of logistics infrastructure, such as the sharing of terminal
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outlet facilities in the same city. In order to improve the terminal distribution
efficiency, improve the satisfaction of logistics services, and solve the problem of the
last mile of urban and rural distribution, the various resource sharing models of
terminal logistics outlets have gradually become a hot spot of innovation. Sharing
logistics infrastructure can reduce the redundant construction of express delivery
companies, third-party logistics, and e-commerce companies, as well as reduce
secondary delivery during the distribution process, facilitate consumers to pick up
their own goods, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce logistics resource waste.
In addition, in some logistics parks, resources such as shippers, logistics companies,
supporting service enterprises, and individual laborers can be integrated through the
network platform to build a new ecosystem.
The development of new business models for sharing logistics will also encounter
some new challenges. First, the existing economic and social management focuses on
top-down hierarchical management, territory management, and industry management,
while the sharing economy has the characteristics of cross-border integration across
regions, departments and industries, and some traditional management systems.
Second, the sharing business economic model in the field of logistics is still in the
process of exploration. There are also differences in product, service and standardization,
security, and quality assurance. The new format of sharing logistics needs to mature
in continuous innovation, even through trial and error. The third is whether the
informatization and standardization level of enterprises can meet the development
needs of sharing logistics and the information security problems brought by logistics
data sharing.
. Literature Review
Jin Shui (2017) puts forward that under the leadership of huge online shopping,
the number of express packaging has gradually increased, leading to more and more
serious environmental pollution problems and tries to solve the problem of express
garbage. Through the analysis of the existing problems in China's delivery packaging,

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Jiang Yuyang (2017) indicates that green packaging is the concept that advocates to
address the rationalization and recycling of packaging as the core content. Chen Yan
(2017) proposed a solution to the problem of express packaging for the sustainable
development of modern logistics. Qin Xiujuan, Xu Bingbing, and Pan Pengpeng (2017)
analyzed the current development trend of packaging in terms of environmental
protection in China and put forward requirements for green packaging. At the same
time, they also raised the problems of green packaging and green packaging
countermeasures based on green logistics. Chen Wei (2017) reported that this year's
“Double 11” express will use the “sharing express box” and interviewed many netizens
about this. Wu Wenzhi (2017) interviewed the express expert Zhao Xiaomin, the
Doctor of logistics, and other experts that work on the feasibility analysis of the
environmental protection express box and considered it from the perspective of cost
and safety, pointing out some acute problems. Deng Chunsong (2017) analyzed the
development status of express packaging in China and proposed that the problems
brought by express packaging should be solved from the aspects of packaging
materials, packaging design, recycling system, and government supervision. Daqing
Yang (2018), a special researcher at the China Institute of Logistics, said that on the
one hand, consumers lack environmental awareness; on the other hand, courier
recycling is not a mandatory task, and couriers often lack motivation. In recent
years, although companies such as Zhongtong have tried some recycling initiatives
and had little effect. Daqing Yang (2018) believes that the most direct change that
can be brought about by “sharing express boxes” is the reduction of the waste of
cartons and packaging produced by express parcels, which lead to the reduction of
packaging waste. Benxin Xu (2017), an associate professor at the Department of Law
of Kunming University of Science and Technology, also believes that the sharing
express box is a good practice innovation in the context of emphasizing environmental
protection, resource conservation, and building an ecological civilization. Its highlight
is to provide environmental protection and resource conservation for the express
delivery industry as an alternative. In addition, the “sharing express box” also plays
the role of a standardized tray, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of
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express delivery.
In summary, foreign countries have long been paying attention to the development
of green packaging. The company has also developed corresponding management. At
the same time, the government has also strongly supported and introduced a complete
set of relevant policies. The company has explored a new recycling system, which has
helped foreign express delivery. However, the concept of “sharing express box” has not
been mentioned abroad. Serious environmental problems caused by excessive waste
of packaging materials, the attention of China on environmental pollution caused by
express packaging is relatively late. When Suning combined the sharing economy
with green packaging to propose a new concept - sharing the express box, people
began to pay close attention to this magic box, which is China's innovation on green
packaging that is not explored abroad. The sharing express box has been an emerging
business model, but it is still in its infancy while having a good prospect.
. Express package type and its status
3.1 Express package type
According to the data provided by express delivery companies and suppliers, the
proportion of various types of packaging materials in the cost of express delivery
enterprises is about 12%-15% “2017 China Express Industry Green Packaging
Development Status and Trend Report”). Table 1 shows the packaging status of
China's express delivery industry in 2016. In 2016, carton recycling has also become
a means of reducing costs for certain e-commerce platforms and courier companies.
There are examples of some companies that use the sharing express box in China.
No. 1 shop advocates users to participate in “carton recycling” in the form of
redemption of reward points. The user signs the self-operating order parcel of No. 1
shop and delivers the empty carton to the courier and collects 20 points for recycling
a carton. Beijing Post EMS: Tongcheng Express launched a reusable and recyclable
environmentally friendly packaging container. Shunfeng Delivery mandatorily requires
the courier to return the logo attached package to outlet after delivery.

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<Table 1> 2016 China Express Industry Packaging (100million)
Jingdong’s carton recycling plan was upgraded in 2017. From March 20th, when the
Jingdong courier comes to the door, the users of Beishangguangshen (Beijing, Shanghai,
Guangdong, Shenzhen) could hand over their empty cardboard boxes to the courier.
According to the number of cartons, Beijing customers can obtain points, which is
called beans. Rookie Logistics plans to use the “Double 11” in 2017 as the first
centralized action of rookie green logistics. In Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen,
Guangzhou, as well as the rookie stations in colleges and universities, carton recycling
will be fully started. Consumers can unpack the goods and leave the carton at the
station.
The performance of the “sharing express box” still needs to be observed, but it
represents a direction of green packaging and is worthy of recognition. How to solve
the problem of express garbage in a fundamental way is still a difficult problem. This
is a systemic issue involving a wide range of issues. Jianguo Liu (2017), a professor
at the Environmental College of Tsinghua University, believes that people need fast,
safe, and cheap courier services. The large amount of courier packaging waste is an
inevitable consequence. It is important to clarify the responsibilities and define the
respective responsibilities of each responsible entity associated with the express
delivery.
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So, what is the next step to solve the problem of express garbage? First of all, at
the legislative level, it is necessary to introduce a packaging waste management
regulation to regulate the design, production, circulation, use, and disposal of various
types of packaging waste, including express packaging waste. Germany, Japan, and
other countries have done so. The second is to promote cleaner production at the
industry level. Express industry associations should formulate relevant industry norms,
advocate industry-approved packaging through industry self-discipline, reduce over-
packaging, and implement green and environmental-friendly packaging. The third is
to implement the producer responsibility extension system in the express delivery
industry at the institutional level. This should be considered as a cure. That is, the
express delivery company will pay a fee according to the nature and scale of the order
as a fund for the processing of express packaging waste.
3.2 China Express Packaging Status
Courier packaging materials used by express delivery companies usually include
cartons, plastic bags, tape, and cushioning materials. Most of the carton materials
are made of wood, and corrugated paper is the outermost package for express delivery,
including shredded paper, paper pad, fiberboard, and corrugated cardboard. Plastic
bags are mostly made of polyethylene materials, which are also widely used in
express packaging. For example, in terms of sealing, shock absorption, and packaging,
it is mainly used as an inner package. It also has the disadvantage of being heat-
resistant, not resistant to abrasion and airtight. The main material used for the
auxiliary materials used in express packaging is polyvinyl chloride. These materials
are also very difficult to degrade and are often used in packaging. The cushioning
materials commonly used in express packaging are plastic foam and shock-proof
foam. In order to ensure that the goods are not damaged during transportation,
express packaging uses these cushioning materials extensively in express packaging.
According to the forecast of the China Express Association, during the “Double 11”
period in 2017, the whole industry's express processing volume is expected to exceed
1 billion. Some of these items will be replaced with green packaging, and customers

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may receive items that are kept in a sharing express box. However, due to the
imperfect recycling mechanism, unclear responsibilities, lack of incentives, the idea
of recycling the carton many times is very beautiful, but the reality is difficult to get
through. Compared to cartons, sharing express boxes explore a solution for green
logistics. This is a new model driven by environmental responsibility and corporate
interests through market-based approaches. It relies on the original logistics system
built by the e-commerce platform to ensure that the express box is effectively
recycled and put into use again and can solve the problem that the packaging is
difficult to recycle. The multiple-use ultimately reduces both the cost and resources,
resulting in a win-win situation.
Table 2 estimates that the China Express Development Index in August 2018 was
173.3, increased by 37.2%. Development scale indicators, service quality indicators,
and development capability indicators were 168, 252.5, and 135, respectively, which
were 23.9%, 82%, and 14.6% higher than the same period last year. The trend of
development index was 66 that decreased 9%.
<Table 2> China Express Development Index
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In August, the express development scale index was 168, increased by 23.9%. From
the perspective of sub-indicators, the national express delivery service business
completed 4.1 billion pieces, increased by 25.7%; the completion of express business
income was 48.86 billion yuan, increased by 20.9%. The growth rate of agricultural
express delivery business is more than 10% higher than that of urban growth. The
industry's service precision and poverty alleviation have achieved obvious sales. The
express business volume in the central and western regions has increased by more
than 5%, and the regional equalization has been gradually improved. Overseas and
in Hong Kong and Macao, the volume of express delivery business increased by
41.5%, which was 15.8% higher than the overall industry. The new business of listed
express delivery companies, such as cold chain and express delivery, has developed
rapidly, and the business structure has been continuously optimized. From January
to August, the express package service brand concentration index CR8 was about
81.4, increased by 3.4, and the market share is ahead of the leading express brand.
In August, the express service quality index was 252.5, increased by 82%. From
the perspective of sub-indicators, the public satisfaction rate of express delivery
service was 78.1 points, increased by 0.9 points. The 72-hour on-time rate was 77.7%,
increased by 5.6%; the effective representation rate of express delivery services was
about 1%, which was basically the same as that in July. The simultaneous improvement
in satisfaction, punctuality, and effective grievances reflects the fact that after the
network infrastructure investment is gradually put in place, strengthening the user
experience has become an endogenous demand for enterprise development. The
five-month growth rate of the service quality index is higher than the growth rate of
the development scale index. The contribution rate for the development index has
exceeded 50% for three consecutive months, which has become an important reason
for the increase in the express development index.
Also, in August, the express development capability index was 135, increased by
14.6%. From the perspective of sharing indicators, monthly sales of online express
support network exceeded 540 billion yuan, increased by 112 billion yuan; urban and
rural express outlet density increased by 1%; first-line employees increased labor

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productivity by 5.8%. Express delivery income accounted for 6.3% of GDP, increased
by 0.6 thousand points. Major express delivery companies need to improve their
comprehensive service capabilities continuously. First, focus on strengthening the
transportation capacity of the “ground network.” The establishment of a joint venture
between the express delivery enterprise and the railway enterprise marks the “fast-
speed cooperation” from the purchase of transportation capacity to the integration of
research products. The second is to find a service gap in the modern supply chain.
The express delivery enterprise analyzes the data, provides ideas for the customized
solution, and realizes the information interconnection between the links and the
collaborative sharing of resources in each link. The third is to strengthen the capacity
building of the end service, the enterprise to increase cooperation with the chain
management institutions, superimpose the common functions of the network services,
and gradually promote the common push model.
. Discussion
The essence of the sharing economy is to integrate the economic surplus under the
line, such as idle resources, labor, and other social resources. The public will share
these resources with others through social platforms to gain benefits. The sharing
economy is becoming more and more comprehensive in terms of industry coverage and
is accelerating into various fields of our lives.
The problems brought by the packaging in the development of the express delivery
industry have become more and more prominent and become one of the biggest
problems in development. Environmental pollution and waste of resources have become
a problem in the express delivery industry, but the utilization rate of resources can
be improved under the sharing economy model. Therefore, “sharing economy” + “green
express box” = “sharing express box” came into being. The sharing express box is a
plastic express box designed to realize the recycling and energy saving of the packaging,
replacing the common corrugated box. Its appearance makes the use of recycled express
packaging a reality, and it also corresponds to the role of research and development -
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saving resources and protecting the environment. The introduction of Suning Logistics
indicates that the sharing express box can be used to recover its production cost on
average, and in theory, it can be recycled more than a thousand times.
The “sharing express box” is a useful attempt of logistics companies in the “sharing”
field and is an innovative practice of the green development concept. With the
development of online shopping, the volume of the logistics industry has gradually
expanded, and the packaging problem of express delivery has increasingly attracted
people's attention. Whether it is a waste of resources caused by over-packaging, or
an environmental burden caused by the lack of recycling, it is important to say that
the “Express Box Revolution” is very important. During the “Double 11” period this
year, some companies invested a large number of the sharing express box to replace
the traditional corrugated boxes. For consumers, the sharing express box means that
it is no longer necessary to deal with the garbage, carton box, and other garbage
generated by the courier as in the past, saving the cost and effort of processing. The
concepts of “green packaging,” “sharing,” and “circulation” embodied in the “sharing
express box” also show the social responsibility and temperature of related companies,
help the company to shape its good image and win further for the company. Of course,
because it can be delivered in the hands of many customers, the “sharing express box”
increases the number of times, the express package is used, and also reduces the
logistics cost and benefits, creating a multi-win situation. From the perspective of
the state and society, the emergence of “sharing express box” has improved the
recycling rate of express box, reduced the environmental impact brought by carton
box, and implemented the “green” concept in five development concepts for sustainable
development.
In the previous references, there have been many ways to prove that the use of
sharing express boxes is of interest to both consumers and businesses, but there is no
article that explicitly calculates the best usage times. Whether it is a express box or
other products, there will be an optimal number of uses. Exceeding this number may
have a counterproductive effect, causing consumers or businesses to lose interest and
cause losses. Calculating the best use of a sharing express box may require consideration

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of many factors, such as the quality of the box, the price, the consumer's purchase
decision, and so on.
The sharing express box is indeed an innovation of the design concept. On the one
hand, a box can be used many times, and the average cost is very low; on the other
hand, recycling of express box reflects the transformation and upgrading of the
express industry, in line with the current concept of environmental development.
First, the express box wants to recycle and may need the recipient to open the
package in person. This undoubtedly adds a lot of time cost to users who are used to
collecting by people and will reduce the flexibility and convenience of the recipient.
Second, the lack of assessment incentives for express delivery companies, and the
use of the “sharing express box” does not meet the customary process of consumers.
In order to make the “sharing express box” really put into use, on the one hand, the
courier company should increase research and development efforts, improve the quality
of the box and adapt to different transportation environments, and the designed box
should adapt to various commodities. On the other hand, it can also complement the
express packaging method, such as the introduction of environmentally friendly
degradable bags, and so on. The launch of the “sharing express box” is an improvement,
and it is only the beginning. If it wants to truly transform and upgrade the express
industry, it still has a long way to go.
4.1 Sharing Express Box and Operation Model Design
(1) Leasing model
The sharing express box comes from a company that specializes in making sharing
express boxes. Courier companies need to cooperate with these companies to rent a
sharing express box. With the help of graphical description concepts, see Figure 1.
In Figure 1, the production company provides a sharing express box for the courier
company. After receiving the order, the courier company will use the sharing express
box to package the goods and send them to the distribution center, which will distribute
them. Courier companies can recycle face-to-face during recycling or need to work
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<Figure 1> Schematic diagram of sharing express box rental model
with collection points in various locations. When delivering the goods to the door, the
courier can wait for the consumer to sign and collect the sharing express box directly.
After the sharing express box arrives at the collection point, check whether the
sharing express box is damaged and let the person in charge of the collection point
register when signing. The courier company should also have a record. After a certain
time, the courier company will send people to recycle all sharing express boxes at all
collection points. After recycling, it is necessary to check whether the sharing express
box is damaged. It is also necessary to return the damaged sharing express boxes to
the production company for repair or remake.
(2) Self-made model
The sharing express box is purchased by the courier company and then produced
using technology, as shown in Figure 2.

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<Figure 2> Schematic diagram of the “sharing express box” self-operating model
In Figure 2, the courier company makes the sharing express box and puts it into
the warehouse. After accepting the order, the courier company uses the sharing
express box to package the goods. The courier company can recycle it face-to-face, or
cooperate with the express boxes collection station, or build the express box collection
point by own. When delivering the goods to the door, the courier can wait for the
consumer to sign and collect the sharing express box directly. After the sharing
express box arrives at the collection point, check whether the sharing express box is
damaged and let the person in charge of the collection point register when signing.
The courier company should also have a record. After a certain time, the courier
company will send people to recycle all sharing express boxes at all collection points.
Otherwise, the delivery company and the production company will replace the receiving
point to establish a courier bin recycling station. The courier will deliver the goods to
each recycling station, and the consumer will take the sharing express box back and
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fold it up to the original place. At the same time, the recycling station is equipped
with a monitoring system. When the system monitors that all the express boxes have
been signed, the nearby couriers will be dispatched to recycle sharing express boxes.
After recycling, the damaged sharing express box can be repaired or remade directly
by the courier company.
(1) Case Study
SF Express is a courier company in China that provides the best courier service for
domestic and foreign customers. SF Express adopts self-built model and has its own
exclusive network, the most comprehensive network of SF with the fastest speed
provides the best service to customers and ultimately build its core competitive
advantage. Shenzhen Fenghe Compound Technology is a company dedicated to the
development of recyclable “sharing express boxes.” In 2018, the company invested in
3 million sharing boxes and will adopt a series of business models such as “rental for
sale,” “recycling and sharing,” “sharing the using” the express box. The rent will be
calculated according to the number of uses, which is 20% to 30% lower than the
purchase price of the carton on average. However, when the sharing express box is
put into use, the use of 365 million cartons can be reduced in one year, which is
equivalent to reducing the felling of 3 million trees. At the same time, it can save
200-300 million e-commerce packaging costs, creating 360 million service revenue for
first-line recyclers and recycling network companies. At present, Shenzhen Fenghe
Compound Technology is in deep cooperation with SF Express.
(2) Analysis
As the largest express delivery company in China, SF Express has a very good daily
turnover. There is a huge waste of resources and environmental pollution behind this
huge express volume. SF must also consider the issue of express packaging, but SF
has always outsourced other businesses and taken express business as its core

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business. Then for green packaging, if it is developed by SF itself, it will affect the
core business. At this time, the emergence of the sharing express box opened a new
path for green packaging. The company seized this opportunity and provided green
courier service for the courier company. At the same time, the sharing model adopted
by Fenghe not only saves the packaging cost of the e-commerce, but also allows the
courier and the consumer to get some compensation, which ensures the recycling rate
of the recycling express box.
For SF, it is a great boon for the company to outsource the vast project of making a
sharing express box. SF Express's operation model based on express delivery business
has not been destroyed. It is still the main ability to put all its resources into the
express delivery industry as the main market share and continue to provide customers
with better core service concept of better express delivery service.
4.3 Self-made model case analysis
(1) Case
In 2017, Suning Logistics began to publicize the innovative products of the green
express box and launched the first-generation sharing express box during the “Double
11” period. The “sharing express box” is essentially a recyclable express package with
a new material that is lightweight, eco-friendly, resistant to falling, and reusable.
Compared with the traditional express package, there is a recycling link in the
operation process. Its shape is a square plastic box. The surface of the box has a fixed
position for pasting the express waybill. There is a plastic film inside the box to
protect the goods. After signing, the courier will fold it up and turn it into a plastic
sheet and bring it back to the warehouse for reuse. China's “sharing express box”
began to be put into use in 2017. Currently, it is initiated by a small number of
e-commerce logistics companies. The scope of applicable goods is relatively limited
and has not been widely promoted and applied.
During the “618” period in the first half of 2017, Suning Logistics first introduced a
reusable sharing express box. During the “Double 11” period, a total of approximately
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200,000 such express boxes were used for maternal, child, and FMCG (Fast-moving
consumer goods). It is put into use in 13 cities across the country. In December 2017,
Suning Logistics announced that it will upgrade the “sharing express box.” The new
“sharing express box” version 2.0 is divided into two sizes whose length, width, and
height are 230*125*110mm and 175*110*110mm, respectively. In 2018, Suning planned
to launch 200,000 “sharing express boxes” nationwide. The 2.0 version of the “sharing
express box” is made of environmentally friendly materials which are lightweight,
non-toxic, and durable. It can be recycled 100%, no toxic gases and sewage are
emitted during the production process, and it is more environmentally friendly. The
new version of “sharing express box” can play a better role in logistics and transportation
and also facilitate the stacking of products in the warehouse and transportation,
which can effectively improve the efficiency of logistics and transportation.
With Suning Logistics owns constant exploration, on 11th December, another
upgraded version of the “sharing express box” 2.0 was released. Compared to the first
generation, the 2.0 version weighs only 50 grams in a single box, enabling a lighter
folding design. This sharing express box also uses Eco-friendly high-tech materials,
and it does not require auxiliary materials such as glue or tape. Instead, it uses a
sealed buckle made of disposable straw fiber that can be naturally degraded to share
the express box seal. The “sharing express box” has achieved zero pollution and zero
damage to the natural environment. Compared with traditional carton, it is more
durable and has the characteristics of anti-shock and anti-drop, so that it can better
protect goods in logistics transportation. In February 2018, communities, office
buildings, and business districts in 13 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing,
and Shenzhen, already establish a “sharing express box” recycling station to facilitate
consumers in recycling “sharing express boxes.”
(2) Analysis
Suning Logistics manufactures a “sharing express box” by purchasing or using all of
its own materials and then distributes the express box to the underlying logistics
company. The logistics company manages the “sharing express box” and then sends

- 28 -
each express box to a fixed recycle bin. Since the manufacturing of “sharing express
box” is also a core technology, Suning Logistics' self-operating model has an advantage
in sharing the quality of the express box itself. This core technology will also become
a major feature of Suning's propaganda. In terms of recycling, although it is not
possible to provide high-quality face-to-face services like logistics companies as SF
Express, but Suning has set up a sharing express box recycling station. This approach
not only allows people to choose their free time to take their goods, but also saves a
lot of time for the courier.
Because of the real-time monitoring of the “sharing express box” in the recycling
station, the courier company can arrange the nearby courier to take the sharing
express box of the recycling station and bring it back to the warehouse or distribution
center after all the sharing express boxes are signed. If there is not much damage,
arrange it to continue to recycle; if the damage can be repaired, then bring it back to
the headquarters for repair. For the most damaged boxes, the waste will be recycled
to the headquarters, and the damaged express box will be repaired by Suning. This
kind of recycling model has great advantages in big cities, but it cannot be popularized
in small cities or even rural areas. It takes financial resources to establish a “sharing
express box” recycling station, and also needs timely management of monitoring,
which will increase the difficulty for enterprise management.
4.4 Model Comparison and Insights
(1) Model comparison
In order to more clearly distinguish the application differences between the two
models, Table 3 can be used for comparison.
From Table 3 we can see that the self-operating model is produced by the courier
company itself, and the quality of the sharing express box is better than the rental
model. However, because the production company specializes in producing “sharing
express box”, the rental model is higher than the self-operating model in terms of
technical specialization. In terms of recycling and maintenance, the rental model
- 29 -
requires the sharing express box to be transported to the production company for
delivery, while the self-operating model only needs to recycle by the courier company.
The self-operating model is easier to recycle, and the cost is lower than the leasing
model. However, in the self-operating model, the courier company added a special
business due to the sharing express box, which added difficulties to the management.
<Table 3>
Quality of sharing
company
of specialization
as a production company
(2) Insights
The adoption of the rental model and the self-operating model is also of great
relevance to the express delivery company itself. At the same time, making a sharing
express box is still technology. If the courier enterprise has the ability to split part of
the power and would like actively to develop the sharing express box and will not
adversely affect its own business, it can choose to adopt the self-operating model. If
the express delivery company does not want to distract itself from making research
and development “sharing express box”, the rental model is the most appropriate.
Both models have their own advantages and are actively being carried out. However,
there are still many shortcomings in the “sharing express box.” There is still a lot of
difficulty in sharing the express box.
Business costs: Although the sharing express box needs a lot of recycling times, the
average production cost and the use cost are very low, so that the sharing express

- 30 -
box sounds low, but in fact, there are hidden huge costs for the enterprise to share
the express box. The plastic express box is heavier than the traditional corrugated
box, and the courier company generally calculates the shipping cost by weight. After
using the sharing express box, the weight of the goods will increase, and the freight
problem will be increased. At the same time, the use and recycling process of the
sharing express box requires a lot of resources to build the corresponding facilities,
management personnel, and work. For example, companies need to establish new
departments to manage sharing express boxes, organize personnel to clean up the
sharing express boxes, and may need to establish a recycling site. It also needs to
arrange personnel and vehicles when recycling.
Security issues: For consumers, if the box is used repeatedly and is not cleaned up
and disinfected in time, customers will worry about hygiene and safety of the sharing
express box. For example, if the customer buys fruit, he will worry about whether the
last item of the box will be pesticide, such as chemical drugs. Then issue that how to
ensure that this box has not been contaminated increases the safety risks, which is
also a major headache for express delivery companies.
Government responsibility and awareness issues: For consumers, they are used to
throwing away the packaging after disassembling the express. For resource waste
and environmental problems, although they are discussed every day, there are not
many people who can do active practice. Most people have not taken the initiative to
recycle the awareness of express packaging. There is no mandatory requirement for
government departments in terms of green packaging. The formulation of relevant
laws is not complete enough. Some laws and regulations have loopholes. It is difficult
to form effective constraints on various market entities. The mandatory is not high,
and there are shortcomings in supervision.
. Green logistics
Green and low carbon has become an important theme in the development of the
current era. As a large country in population and consumption, Chinese people should
- 31 -
respond positively. At present, green logistics is in the early stage of development,
and the concept of green logistics has not yet been fully popularized. For the express
delivery industry, due to the government's promotion in recent years, the concept
has been recognized and implemented to a certain extent. For example, the emergence
of a sharing express box is a good interpretation of the green logistics, which can
effectively reuse resources and reduce environmental pollution. However, the application
range of the “sharing express box” is currently relatively small. It only appears in
some areas and has not been widely used. This shows that it still has certain
drawbacks and cannot be effectively promoted.
Policies and laws related to green logistics are still not perfect. For example,
China's sustainable development strategy is in the stage of exploration and gradual
implementation. This is a relatively long process. In the express delivery industry,
the relevant regulations and laws for green logistics have not been perfected. The
state has not explicitly emphasized how the company should implement it. The
enterprise is also only cares about its own interests. Therefore, it must develop well.
Green logistics, the government needs to work with enterprises to develop some
regulations on green logistics in the industry. Green logistics technology is rarely
used in the express delivery industry. Technology is a pioneering condition for
development. At present, many of our technical research in green logistics focuses on
warehousing or distribution, but the research about green technology in packaging is
relatively few. Operators of the express delivery industry will not invest more money
in research. They will only choose packaging materials with lower cost. Therefore,
the state should encourage and reward green logistics technology in packaging.
For the express delivery industry, its aim is to deliver online shopping products to
consumers in good condition, so that they are well received, then businesses and
consumers can better cooperate with them. Originally, before the goods were shipped,
the merchants already had a simple package for the goods. After transportation, to
ensure that the product is not damaged during delivery, the courier operator repackages
the goods. Such a product through three productions and consumption, it is conceivable
that the cost of packaging materials is huge. Besides, behind it is the environmental

- 32 -
pollution and waste of resources.
The number of goods purchased online in China every year is in the hundreds of
millions, and these goods must be delivered by express delivery. After several times
of packaging, the goods are presented in front of us. As consumers, most of are
dismantling the express delivery, just throw away the bag or box directly. Sometimes
it will be picked up by the sanitation staff, sold as waste, and some will be discarded
in the environment and left to go its own way. The express delivery industry has no
responsibility or obligation to collect the dismantled packaging materials. Therefore,
there is no progress in packaging materials, and it cannot be recycled, which leads to
a lot of waste of packaging materials and environmental pollution.
For how to better develop the “sharing express box,” Zhao Jianbo of the Institute of
Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences suggested that the
sharing express box market has little profit potential, and its sharing behavior is
better driven by green environmental protection elements. First, focusing on improving
the enthusiasm of enterprises to use “sharing express boxes.” Second, promoting the
standardization of green logistics packaging. At present, the sizes of express delivery
packages are different, and there is a lack of standardization for sorting and
transportation. It is necessary to use the pilot to promote the sharing of express
boxes as an opportunity to promote the standardization of all links of logistics
express delivery.
Zhao Jianbo (2017, Xinhua) said that unlike the current “ready-to-use” model, the
future “sharing express boxes” can be scattered in e-commerce warehouses, express
bicycles, collection of properties and consumers, forming a state of “being usable.”
From an ownership perspective, e-commerce and courier companies do not have to be
owners of sharing express boxes. The role of owners can be borne by different third-
party enterprises, and one or more Internet platforms that support the rapid circulation
of “sharing express boxes” are needed to reduce the cost of use. Of course, we must
also avoid undesirable phenomena such as damage and waste in environment. Only
in this way, the business model of sharing express boxes can promote the green
logistics.
- 33 -
. Conclusion
Once the “sharing express box” was released, many people praised it. Some people
say that the green and circular economy has finally been valued and implemented in
the express delivery industry. This is the future of the sharing economy and the way
out and the ultimate choice for sustainable development. In addition to the “sharing
express box,” some e-commerce companies have launched recycling packaging bags
which are sealed with drawstring. The packaging bag is recycled by the delivery
person and returned to the warehouse for packaging. Some e-commerce companies
have adopted a green warehouse which uses a non-adhesive tape express box and
100% biodegradable express bag fully demonstrating the environmental protection
function. Some e-commerce companies will also start recycling cartons at pick-up
points in key cities during the “Double 11.”
Obviously, environmental protection is not limited to the large-scale action on
“Double 11,” and it is not limited to the e-commerce platform. Sustainable green
development has always been an important topic of ecological protection and green
and sustainable development in China. The cost of environmental pollution is beyond
everyone's reach. E-commerce, logistics, and consumers should join hands to
contribute to the “green environment.”
On the road to environmental protection, the emergence of “sharing express box” is
just a starting point. “Green logistics” should not only cover some cities in a short
time, but also cover every corner of the country. In the future, enterprises should
create greener models of operation and development while creating value and wealth
for the society and make greater contributions to environmental protection. From the
essence of sharing economy, sharing express boxes can save social resources and is an
area worth trying. At present, the sharp rise in carton prices has forced e-commerce,
express delivery, and consumers to actively reduce the quantity of packaging, use
biodegradable packaging, recycling packaging, and other aspects to promote the
“greening” of express delivery.

- 34 -
and the general public pay more and more attention to environmental protection in
life. Suning proposed the concept of “sharing express box.” Although there are still
many problems to be solved, the concept itself reflects the importance that enterprises
attach to environmental protection and has been widely recognized by media and
Internet users. “Sharing express box” is an attempt to make up for the defects in the
industry. The concern raised by the media and Internet users is mainly because the
new attempt has not established corresponding perfect procedures and norms. The
government, enterprises, and consumers should think positively and do not let
“sharing express box” become a “selling point.”
In addition, enterprises should actively consider and respond to questions raised by
the media and Internet users to strengthen the effect of secondary communication.
The constant discussion among enterprises, media, and netizens also show people's
enthusiasm for environmental protection. Although there are many problems, there
are more ways to solve them. Through the joint efforts of various parties, we will
surely make greater progress in environmental protection.
Finally, to eliminate packaging waste pollution, it is not enough to rely on only one
idea and one tool. Express delivery enterprises, e-commerce platforms, sellers, and
consumers need to work together to form a normalized system guarantee.
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an essay on sharing express box under sharing logistics*

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