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    An experience of inscribed collectivity:the trace of a gendered journey (mid-point 17:10:2006

    Bristol UK)

    MIKE GALLANT

    m i k e . g a l l a n t @ b r i s t o l . a c . u k

    Fe br u a r y 2007

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    An experience of inscribed collectivity:the trace of a gendered journey (mid-point 17:10:2006

    Bristol UK)

    Abstract

    This paper is an attempt, through text and other visual techniques, to convey

    my own experience of taking part in a short collective biography workshop.

    Through the experience of the workshop, subsequent reflection and diaries,

    and through the use of writing as a methodology I have created a paper that

    reflects my belief that inscribed within my body is my own local knowledge of

    gender and, more importantly, intimate connection to other humans I

    continue to consider how open these inscriptions are to adaptation,

    development, conflation or abandonment.

    This is a Rites of Passage story. After setting the context, I give a short

    history of this Collective Biography, before exploring aspects of my personal

    experience. I conclude by briefly considering the pain of inscription.

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    Stuff and Non/sense

    I am troubled and confused. Where to begin? Hesitate. Deep breath. My

    God, this paper has been a challenge. My body feels tense right nowwhy

    was it that yesterday, when I knew that I must finally put all my notes

    together and create a text fit for my peers (and the academy), I inexplicably

    pulled a muscle in my shoulder that makes it more painful to type? Why do I

    know that the typing would in any case be painful? Why is my breathing

    shallow breathing in this moment of introspection, of dialogue with my

    selves?

    Many questions; many answers:

    1. A text fit my peers, I say in passing, and perhaps that is one crucial

    aspect of this present writing: how to do justice to the shared

    experience of others? Of course, this is no different to the prospect

    of communicating any form of research that involves human beings

    beyond myself. And yet that experience of Group C1 in conversation

    and collaboration demands more maybe because it became so

    essentially meaningful to me that I continue to hold it in aspic, to

    watch it like the desired dessert whose sweetness can only be

    savoured after the tedious main course. Im bloated by the vastness

    of the main course of my life. I want no space to consume my just

    desserts. And then there is a desperate fear that, while I look on, the

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    experience may already be ossified, fit only for the mausoleum of

    many group experiences.

    2. I need to recognise that the subject matter of our collective

    conversation (early experiences of gender) resonates with my

    continuing personal experience of my daughters bullying at the hands

    of older boys. There is a mouldering tanginess of disgust in the

    passages of my head, and a pent up energy within these old bones. A

    paradox of mildewed compost-bin history and lime pickle all in one

    stumbling, continuous moment of life. I am part of this live political

    experience. I am the Action Researcher in my own world. I wish to

    make a difference.

    3. I am afraid that I may not be able to make a difference. I am afraid

    that this work today may not make a difference. I am afraid.

    As Mikhail Bakhtin suggests, I become myself only by revealing myself to another,

    through another and with anothers help. I cannot do without the other: I cannot become

    myself without the other: I must find myself in the other, finding the other in me (in mutual

    reflection and perception) (Todorov, 1984, p.96). And so it was, that in a

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience - 1

    it kind of irks me to see boys sit down unnecessarily. Stand tall and be proud. With alittle practice they can help extinguish a campfire because believe me, until you have experienced

    that little gem you haven't really lived.

    Jacks Shack, 2006

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    significant manner I discovered more of myself, and others, in the clinical

    spaces of bleached academic meeting rooms. The unbearable lightness of

    being in spaces that add little sense of a historyat least, of a history that

    reaches as far into the past as the stories that we shared. This in itself

    impacted on the gelling of a collective who, though knowing each other,

    knew nothing much of each other. Sue, Sophie, Malcolm, Mike and Christine

    I salute us all!

    A short history of this Collective Biography

    A collective biography could simply be an expression describing the normal

    method of constructing meaning within societies: we tell each other stories

    of our personal experiences, and construct from this a shared understanding

    of the world we inhabit. However, how we tell these stories is significant:

    they may be communicated through spoken and non-verbal language in a

    direct person-to-person experience, or they may be recorded (and

    subsequently decoded by reader/observer) through written text or other

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience 2

    there was shame attached to being a girl in a boysworld, or a boy in a girls world. We have not yet had

    time within the collective to tease out more about what itmeant to be a boy or a girl or multi-gendered.

    Sue Dale (Collective Member), 2006

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    recorded visual forms (e.g. cave painting, photography etc.). What has now

    become known amongst qualitative researchers as Collective Biography uses

    both these forms of discourse in an attempt to uncover lived experience and

    throw light on unseen normative influences at work within societies2.

    The very simplicity of the idea, in the sense that it directly replicates a

    constructionist view of meaning making, is perhaps its strength. However,

    the concept has no definition as such, having developed from the Memory-

    Work of socialist-feminist researchers in Eastern Europe led by Frigga Haug

    (Haug et al., 1987; Haug, 1992; Onyx & Small, 2001), who carried the concept

    to Australia and into the hands of Bronwyn Davies and others (e.g. Davies &

    Gannon, 2006). It was here that post-structuralism nurtured and re-shaped

    this process of collective auto-ethnographic research whilst retaining the

    centrality of gender as its primary subject matter.

    The term, collective biography is useful because it both describes the method of

    working with personal stories and the oxymoronic implication of the phrase

    foregrounds the tension between the individual and the collective that is both the crux

    of the method and the source of its dilemmas.

    Gannon, quoted in Onyx & Small, 2001

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience - 3

    You forgot to mention being able to write your name in the snow ;-)

    Jacks Shack, 2006

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    So it was that Jane Speedy (2006), in her work as a narrative therapist and

    researcher, encountered the Collective Biography of Australian academia and

    brought home the concept to colleagues and students in the Graduate School

    of Education in Bristol. In this UK version of Collective Biography,

    members of the research group (or collective) share personal stories of their

    own experiences around a theme (in this case Explorations of Gender and Power).

    These, or other, stories are then individually written before being

    constructively critiqued by other members of the collective in a protocol

    based around the techniques of Definitional Ceremony and Reflecting

    Teamwork (White, 1995). At leastthat was the theory3.

    In Australia the intensity of the Collective Biography process had been

    heightened by the practice of holding residential workshops in the holiday

    destination of Magnetic Island. These groups were always single gender,

    continuing the feminist tradition of Frigga Haug and her colleagues. The

    academically validated Collective Biography unit, from which this paper

    results, appears to be the first attempt at work with a mixed-gender collective.

    It also differed from previous Collective Biography workshops in the length

    of time that the collective (in my own case, Group C) was physically together.

    It was generally recognised by all participants that ten hours or less was

    unlikely to be sufficient time to produce research results: it was hoped that

    the experience would engender some understanding of the process, and offer

    the chance of follow-up work should the collective choose.

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    Collective Biography is not only story telling. Writing as a methodology for

    research has long been recognised (e.g. Richardson, 1997, 2000; Richardson &

    St. Pierre, 2005) and is central to the Collective Biography process. However,

    although a protocol for the development of individually and collectively

    written work has crystallised out from past experiences of collectives, for

    many participants it seems that the simple presence ofour bodies together in a

    particular place and timeis crucial to the process (Davies & Gannon, 2006,

    p.118; see also Park, 2005). Susanne Gannon goes on; our collective writing

    in cyberspace has been sustained by the deeply embodied experience of these bodies

    together in that place(ibid., p.118).

    This has been my personal experience of Collective Biography so farI find

    myself pondering as to how long such a trauma (for that is a reasonable

    description of my felt experience, despite its more normal negative

    connotations) remains embodied.

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience - 4

    When I was a child, I spake like a child,

    I understood as a child, I thought as a child:

    but when I became a man, I put away childish things.

    (The Bible, `1 Corinthians 11)

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    Shared experience in Collective Biography4

    Journal Day 3Ive worked in many groups,therapeutic, training, definitionalceremony, supervisory, but thisgroup was different. Theexperience so profound is difficultto put into words. The differencebetween feeling a connectedindividual within a group of otherconnected individuals with varyinggroup dynamics, to what wentbeyond this description towardscollective experience. Thissomething held between uscreated a feeling deep within mybody as if these other storiesbecame embodied within myexperience. Hearing the storiesagain, becoming that giggling boyin the cupboard, the girl leftbehind crying dont go with(out)me the boaters on elastic andthe chest high elbows reminding

    me that I dont belong hereanymore that small boy who wastoo big and who should have beena girl that invisible childashamed. There was for me asense of becoming multi-gendered.

    The brutal betrayal of rippinghim/her apart, the bewilderment,the flatness. The movementtowards individual (ness) within a

    group which hurts so much.Sharing these stories amongst awider audience needed for me tomove back into that same place ofcollective, but this time shift thestories into an older lessvulnerable place. I had becomefeeling invisible not belongingstill unfair in the cupboard alonein the rain.

    Oh, what a surge of excitement as I read thisthat my own body is not mistaken in its feelings(though how can a body be mistaken in what itfeels?). Ive worked in many groups, early

    encounter groups in the 1970s through to

    facilitating therapeutic single gender groups andpersonal development groups for professionaltraining in counselling and psychotherapy.I too found the experience of Group Csomething beyond wordsso Ive freed myselffrom words and let myself create a picture toexpress this something that we speak about

    deep in our bodies5. For now, as I write I cansurely feel that experience, and can touch somepart of you, Sue. And now Im feeling Malcolm

    and the sun; now Christine, always upright,always held in tension, so perfectly book-learntChinese - and little girl so, so valued; I feel

    water (where is that intervening image seepingfrom right now as I become aware of thistingling sensation of real living shootingthrough the physical body of mine?) and a duck

    pool6in the courtyard square; and Josiesbudding breasts and confusion; and my ownlittle self, peeing up the shed wall as high as Ican, and then, yes, how could I ever be what

    was demanded of me?7 To be a girl in the bodyof a boyto become multi-gendered.

    As I sit for a moment, contemplating the brutal

    betrayal I become aware that my left hand is

    pulling my shirt and fleece clear away from mythroat. A constricted sense of being suffocated

    by this demand to

    belong? And this was an experience of

    belongingand of keeping each other safe. Ofwalking away together to a place of lessconfusion, a place of growing autonomy, wherethe haunting memories of earlier childhood

    were once more invisible. And yet, we (in somany ways an experienced group of adulteducators) did not have the immediateknowledge or experience of which way to turn.

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    How I feel when I experience Group C

    Figure 1. How do I feel when I experience Group C?

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    A taste of ginger in Collective Biography8

    Ginger helps on the boat -

    A thin slice of fresh root held

    between teeth and cheek

    takes away a little of the rough passage

    Twelve hours of tossing and turning

    in my narrow cabin bunk -

    bereaved

    lost

    such a precious time

    together -

    a delicious time

    discovering each other and ourselves

    like lovers

    late adolescence tales

    of drug-induced gladness in Australia, York

    and ourselves

    taking away the pain of earlier-year stories

    told but yesterday

    Green Claw over tea and toast

    (1)Rebellion

    (2)Revolution and then (3)

    Revisionismand the banner swirls red-blood high

    for just a few more moments

    before the wind dies

    Sick with the swell

    and the rising and the yawling

    I crawl to my notepad

    the rhizome calling

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    An experience ofCollective Biography10

    After I read it out to you, you gave your first impressions - and I jotteddown some of the words and phrases that resonated with my ownexperience and added to it.

    This is what I wrote:

    Disappointment - feeling heavyfeeling sadchild in an adult world - not getting it

    'Rain not as gentle' phrase v.poignant & sad

    You were Too big - she was damaged - heavy/sad- cars punctuate events

    embodiment senseraining running down awindow like tears streaming

    Sense of responsibility down - lonelyfor nothing I had controlover - like the rain trapped like a feral

    animalToo big - too small - animal skin of leather smell

    This material should perhaps be the starting point for my contribution to the

    Group C collective should we decide to pursue the issue of gender and

    power through the method of Collective Biography.

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience - 5

    It grew less to be like fucking,and more like making love

    Al Stewart, Love Chronicles, 19699

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    I recall the joy of really writing something that hit home in the pit of my

    stomach; the pain of re-writing and the sense of validation as the collective,

    each voice alone, agreed: my work was better for the immediacy, the

    simplicity, the sheer uncluttered emotive phenomena of the first version (see

    Appendix 2).

    CB: THEY DID

    IT THEIR WAY!To quote Davies, et al:

    (2000 :19) this process is

    not the warm fuzzy pursuitof empathy and The

    questioning and challenging

    of each others stories can

    take on a ruthless

    quality11

    This was the way that

    tutors broke the news to

    the participants on the

    Collective Biography

    workshop at Toffsville Uni

    last October no, there

    would be no tree frogs in

    Bristol because here in

    the UK we can take the

    strain and lap up the pain!

    Well, that wasnt to be the

    message the mad bolshies in

    one caucus would take heed

    of. They thought they knew

    better! Three women and two

    men (whoever heard of

    mixing gender in Collective

    Biography? therellalways be questions there

    wont there?) played away

    and claim to have done the

    whole thing painlessly.

    One member of the tear-away

    gang, Mike Gallant, said

    its all about involvement

    and intimacy, caring and

    contentment, its about the

    paradoxes of

    poststructuralist humanism

    and a constructionist

    worldview.Bollocks!, we say - if

    its going to be proper

    Collective Biography its

    gotta hurt know what we

    mean?

    Have your say log on at

    www.cb.getitright.co.uk to

    tell the softy lefties that

    socialism just aint like

    that! Ask Frigga Haug!

    http://www.cb.getitright.co.uk/http://www.cb.getitright.co.uk/
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    Themes in our Collective Biography

    Gender and Power

    Mortal, invisible

    Invincible [I think of this as Sues repeating theme]

    In life inaccessible

    hid from our eyes

    Explorative

    Shame

    Physical hurting, confusion and aloneness

    Group Process

    You tell yours and I want to tell mine (experience)

    Inexplicable connection

    Possessiveness

    Anger, defensiveness and xenophobia (other groups dont do it like us)

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience - 6

    Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,

    And - which is more - you'll be a Man my son!

    Rudyard Kipling, If12

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    Plagiarism in Collective Biography13

    >

    > Back to the collective. Plgiarism (can't

    even spell it!) is always a

    > problem to me in that as I listen to

    other peoples stories, they become

    > part

    > of my own story and it is very difficult

    to separate me from them - does

    > that make any sense? This unit is a

    minefield of shared experience and

    > I'm

    > not sure that it would be right to take

    out the collective stuff.

    >

    Sue Dale email 27:11:06 8:34

    Yes, lets get back there! And the

    sooner the better

    I know that Im using your ideas and

    even your wordsand I know that I

    will sign a form saying that these are

    all my own words except the ones

    that arent though God only knows

    where my words come from if they

    dont come from you and youand

    youand you

    And yet, of course I know

    (connaissance or savvy?) what

    plagiarism isits not this.

    This is my storyand this is your

    storythis is the riparian zone14 that

    is such a nutrient-rich area close to

    the flowing waters of the river of my

    world.

    Although the material products of Collective Biography can be genuinely the

    work of one author (for example, the writings of a member of the collective

    who is collating their own experience of the collective), an explanation of

    how the product came to its fruition (a requirement of an academic

    assignment such as this) necessarily benefits from extensive quoting of the

    written work (or other recorded communications verbal, non-verbal,

    electronically mediated or immediately experienced) of other members of the

    collective. In this collective method of writing it is the very process of

    savouring (savoir) the text of others that creates, through the distanciation,

    another hermeneutic cycle. This is not plagiarism.

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    Conclusion on this Collective Biography

    Feelings are embodied; texts are inscribed. On balance I believe that my

    experience of gender and power has been both embodied (through primary

    experience) and inscribed (through recontextualised media). Inscribing is the

    more painful of the two processes, though most of the time I cant feel it.

    George MacLeod described Iona as a "thin place" - only a tissue paper

    separating the material from the spiritual. To spend some time in such a

    historic and inspiring setting is to be open to challenge and the exploration

    of new horizons.15

    I have found another thin place it is a place I can carry with me into any

    spaceit is a place where I own my understandingsa place where I thicken,

    sprout, nurture and fertilizea thin place where I can touch you through

    the tissue paper.

    Gender-related stories I recognise from my own growing up experience - 7

    (Hanif) Kureishi made the interesting point that we

    are no-longer shocked: It used to be not that long ago

    that to shock was shocking, but that isnt the case anymore.

    Now to shock is to conform and there doesnt seem to be

    such a thing as normalcy if there was it would be shocking.

    According to Kureishi, we all desire to be shocked,

    and art finds that harder and harder to do now

    that is why he wanted to get finished early enough to

    get home in time to catch Big Brothers action of the day.

    Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear (2007)

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    Notes

    1. Group C was one third of the student and tutor participants of the October2006 Collective Biography Unit of the Bristol University EdD (Narrative Strand)

    course. Meeting over two and a half days, the taught course contained

    substantial input from tutors and students in addition to approximately ten

    hours spent in the small group Collective Biography workshop on Explorations in

    Gender and Power.

    2. An essential feature of Collective Biography as a research method is that,

    compared to other (qualitative and quantitative) techniques there is more

    substantial creation of knowledge (savvy?) through a tight (in terms of time and

    space) hermeneutical cycle. An interesting observation here, and one that aligns

    Collective Biography with Western Scientific Knowledge (WSK) rather than

    Traditional Knowledge (TK) (see, for example, Dods, 2004), is that in common

    with modernist western society, written text is relied on as the dominant

    producer ofsavoir(know how knowledge). Although the distanciation that this

    produces may allow for a hermeneutical cycle that thickens understanding within

    the Collective, this understanding may be mistaken for connaissance(know that,

    true/false knowledge) by the reader of the research product who necessarily

    experiences decontextualisation and recontextualisation within the context of

    its reading (see, for example, Ricoeur 1998). This is perhaps an unavoidableaspect of communicating any research that uses the pathways and

    dissemination techniques of WSK! It is a strength of Collective Biography as

    part of the Grand Narrative of WSK.

    3. Our tutors, Jane Speedy, Tim Bond and Malcolm Reed, set the rules for our

    Collective Biography workshop before we began (see Appendix 1). In practice,

    Group C discovered such delight in the story-telling aspects of the process, and

    such a sense of immediacy in our first written work, that we ignored rules and

    created an intimate group experience that perhaps led more towards personal

    growth than a Collective Biography. I was happy to take such a rare opportunityto share intimate life experience, and to enjoy the feelings engendered. For us,

    Collective Biography appeared to be about the outcomes suggested by Bronwyn

    Davies and colleagues (2004) though without the ruthless qualities of

    questioning and without the fuzzy empathy. Empathy was not what I, at least,

    felt connection and intimacy describe my feelings more accurately. The

    difference is certainly subtle!

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    4. The left hand column is the work of Sue Dale - shared with the collective (by

    email) November 2006. I have written a commentary of my reactions to her

    words in the right hand column.

    5. In 2002 I kept a Visual Diary (see, for example, Ganim & Fox, 1999) that

    involved a daily meditation on a particular aspect of my experience before

    translating the feeling of that experience into a visual piece of art. Since that

    time I have occasionally used the technique to clarify my experience without the

    use of language and/or text. I began the process on this occasion by writing the

    question How do I feel when I experience Group C?. I meditated on this for

    five to ten minutes and then created the image, first with an extravagant pencil

    doodle and then using this series of shapes as a base for pastel colour.

    6. I realised later that my embodied feeling of a pool in relation to reading Sues

    words (which in turn related to Christines story) might have been prompted by

    Christines own words (interestingly, I had altered pond to pool in the text as I

    came to the end of the phrase, as the word pond didnt feel right): Once we start

    telling, each story seems to lead to the next, one persons memories triggering anothers. There is

    some laughter, but also distress and powerlessness in our stories and we lean in towards each

    other as the telling and responding goes round. I talk of my senseof a gathering pool of stories

    in the middle which connect us. After about an hour (by this time weve abandoned the bits of

    paper with tasks and timings) we have a tea break and, slightly less connected, get back

    together again to write a short piece each. I move my chair out of the tight circle and turn away

    to writeothers do the same. Christine Bell (Collective Member), 2006.

    7. Appendix 2 is the text of the story I wrote on the first day of the Collective

    Biography Unit at Bristol on 16 th October 2006. It concerns my early experience

    of being aware of my gender, and how I learnt that I was the wrong gender.

    8. This interlude celebrates what has been termed the rhizomatic qualities of a

    research methodology that includes writing on rather than writing up the

    available data (see, for example, Amorim & Ryan, 2005).

    9. The second album by Al Stewart received early notoriety for including the word "fucking" in

    its title track, and reprinting the word on its inner gatefold sleeve for all to see. Shocking. The

    controversy thus gained was probably useful in garnering sales of the record, but, truth to tell, it

    overshadowed the real reason why 'Love Chronicles' was as vital to the student population of

    1969 as Heinz beans, matches and marijuana. It was, and is, for the most part, a very fine

    record. Accessed at http://www.headheritage.co.uk/unsung/review/599 on 3rd

    February 2007.

    10.After an introduction to the theory and practice of Collective Biography work

    the large group of the Collective Biography unit was split into three working

    http://www.headheritage.co.uk/unsung/review/599http://www.headheritage.co.uk/unsung/review/599
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    collectives. I found myself in Group C. I was not aware of any particular choice

    in the division of the large group. There was an initial period of extensive story

    telling and conversation around the theme of my earliest experience of gender,

    before we spent twenty to thirty minutes writing a story of an early experience of

    gender (Appendix 2). We then read these stories to each other, one at a time,

    giving limited feedback on our immediate cognitive and visceral reactions to

    each others material. That evening I re-wrote the contemporaneous notes I had

    made as the other members of the collective gave me their feedback on my own

    story. It is that which is reproduced here as the starting point for this section.

    11. This quote is from the Guidelines for Collective Biography given out to

    participants as part of the pre-reading for the module (see Appendix 1).

    12.The final two lines of If by Rudyard Kipling accessed onJanuary 20th 2007 at

    http://www.allspirit.co.uk/kipling.html

    13. The question of plagiarism was raised in email communications between

    members of the collective. There was concern about matching the needs of the

    assessment process of the University with the reality of the Collective Biography

    process.

    14. See Park, 2005.

    15. I visited the island of Iona whilst travelling with my partner at the age of

    seventeen and it made a lasting impression on me. The Iona community, based

    at the Abbey church on the island (though now comprising members worldwide)

    was founded in 1938 by the Rev George MacLeod, is an ecumenical Christian

    community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in the

    Christian church that is committed to seeking new ways of living the gospel of Jesus Christ in

    today's world. Text is from http://www.iona.org.uk/abbey/main.htm accessed

    on January 27th 2007.

    http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_if.htmhttp://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_if.htmhttp://www.iona.org.uk/abbey/main.htmhttp://www.iona.org.uk/abbey/main.htmhttp://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_if.htmhttp://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_if.htm
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    References

    Amorim, Antonio Carlos & Ryan, Charly (2005) Deleuze, Action Research andRhizomatic Growthin Educational Action Research, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 581-593.

    Bell, Christine (2006) Hoping for Tree Frogs. Draft Assignment for Bristol University EdDCollective Biography module, sent by email on 6th December 2006.

    Dale, Sue (2006) Deconstruction or destruction: Exploring the experience of a collective biographyworkshop from a personal perspective. Draft Assignment for Bristol University EdD CollectiveBiography module, sent by email on 27th November 2006.

    Davies, Bronwyn, Browne, Jenny, Gannon, Susanne, Honan, Eileen, Laws, Cath,

    Mueller-Rockstroh, Babette and Petersen, Eva Bendix (2004) The Ambivalent Practicesof Reflexivityin Qualitative Inquiry, Vol. 10, pp. 360-389.

    Davies, Bronwyn & Gannon, Susanne, Eds. (2006) Doing Collective Biography.Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Dods, Roberta Robin (2004) Knowing ways / ways of knowing: reconciling science andtraditionin World Archaeology, Vol.36, No.4, pp.547-5557.

    Ganim, Barbara, & Fox, Susan (1999) Visual Journaling: Going Deeper than Words. Wheaton (Illinois): Quest Books.

    Haug, Frigga et al. (1987) Female sexualisation: a collective work of memory [trans. EricaCarter]. London: Verso.

    Haug, Frigga (1992) Beyond female masochism: memory-work and politics. London: Verso.

    Jacks Shack (2006) Teach Your Boy to Pee Like a Man [posted March 30 2006] fromJacks Shack blog accessed athttp://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.html19th January 2007.

    Onyx, Jenny & Small, Jennie (2001) Memory-Work: The Methodin Qualitative Inquiry,Vol.7, No.6, pp.773-786.

    Park, Jeff (2005) Writing at the edge: narrative and writing process theory. New York: PeterLang Publishing.

    Richardson, Laurel (1997) Fields of Play: Constructing an Academic Life. New Brunswick,NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Richardson, Laurel (2000) Writing: A Method of Inquiry in Denzin & Lincoln, Eds.,Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    http://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.htmlhttp://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.htmlhttp://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.htmlhttp://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.htmlhttp://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.htmlhttp://wwwjackbenimble.blogspot.com/2006/03/teach-your-boy-to-pee-like-man.html
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    Richardson, Laurel & St. Pierre, Elizabeth (2005) Writing: A Method of Inquiry inDenzin & Lincoln, Eds., The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd Edition).

    Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Ricoeur, Paul (1998) The Hermeneutical Function of Distanciation in Dayton, Eric, Ed.,Art and Interpretation: an anthology of readings in aesthetics and the philosophy ofart. Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press.

    Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear (2007) Are you in or out? [postedJanuary 19th2007] from Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bears Blog accessedathttp://simonsmithandtheamazingdancingbear.blogspot.com/3rd February 2007.

    Speedy, Jane (2006) Personal communication. Bristol 16th October 2006.

    Todorov, Tzvetan (1984)Mikhail Bakhtin: The Dialogical Principle [trans. Wlad Godzich].Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    White, Michael (1995) Re-Authoring Lives: Interviews and Essays. Adelaide: DulwichCentre Publications.

    http://simonsmithandtheamazingdancingbear.blogspot.com/http://simonsmithandtheamazingdancingbear.blogspot.com/http://simonsmithandtheamazingdancingbear.blogspot.com/http://simonsmithandtheamazingdancingbear.blogspot.com/
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    Appendix 1

    Collective biography: Guidelines for producing collective biography within aworkshop context: (from Davies, et al, Qualitative Inquiry, June 2004)

    A process of conjointly reading for meaning, underpinned by notions of the self

    as verb, perpetually in process, shaped and shaping, rather than the self as noun.

    The idea is to make visible the discourses through which we make meanings and

    make selves, including the discourses informing the collective biography

    workshop itself, not just those informing individuals in their daily/previous lives

    1. generate stories on chosen themeeach one threading on to the last

    2. tell stories, others listening carefullyprobing where necessary for further

    images and details to support the imagined story in their own minds eye

    3. to take off, in new directions with new stories noting linkages anddifferences.

    4. repeat the process

    5. after about an hour of this process, participants go off and write on this

    theme by themselves for half an hour or so writing not only

    autobiographically, but also with the aim of writing into the space that makes

    discursive processes and practices transparent, ie: noticing the histories in

    which they have been caught up (eg: as Europeans, moral beings, music

    lovers, etcetc) and developing an explicit awareness of the constitutive

    process of writing

    Questions for listeners to ask of a first draft:

    1. Is it plausible/does it ring true?2. Does it work for me?

    3. Was it well remembered/clearly described?

    4. Was there sufficient detail for listeners to imagine it?

    5. Could listeners make sense/meaning of the story?

    6. Were there clichs generalisations, value-laden pieces where sharper clearer

    language might have been?

    7. Have other details, memories, particularities come to mind during this process

    that shed further/new/unexpected light on the story?

    By removing the general, the vague, the unclear (as far as the collective

    imagination goes) we are not trying to get closer to the real, but rather,exposing more of the discursive processes and imperatives that are at play

    To quote Davies, et al: (2000:19) this process is not the warm fuzzy pursuit of

    empathy and The questioning and challenging of each others stories can take

    on a ruthless quality

    This perhaps seems a little stark but the purpose is not to tell the original

    storytellers story to their own personal satisfaction, it is to tell it in a way that

    can be vividly imagined by others (for which sharply accurate and specific

    reflections and questions from others are required)

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    The writing thus becomes, itself, a self-conscious, reflexive, and

    innovative act that seeks to avoid the repetition of well-practiced ways of

    knowing and includes, instead, detailed, embodied memories (2004:372)

    Davies, B. (2000a). A body of writing 1989-1999. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira

    Press.

    Bronwyn Davies, Jenny Browne, Susanne Gannon, Eileen Honan, Cath Laws,

    Babette Mueller-Rockstroh, and Eva Bendix Petersen (2004) The Ambivalent

    Practices of Reflexivity, in: Qualitative Inquiry, 10: 360 - 389.

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    Appendix 2

    Ive lost control. Im not who I thought I was. I was I was me. I was a child if I

    was anything at all, and now Im not who I should be and theres even worse. But

    Ill come to that later first things first.

    It slipped out. My father speaking, you shouldve been a girl. One boy, one girl.

    Maybe I looked aghast. A dumb pause. Hes speaking again, after your brother,

    mum and I wanted one of each. He looks thoughtful for a moment, and now she

    cant.

    Blank silence. Im not understanding. I look up to his matter-of-fact face, curiosity

    written in my young childs frown. She got so damaged having you, she cant have

    anymore children - you were too big.

    The shock, the momentary re-writing of a life so far. I am the guilty one, The one

    who has taken away everything that my father and my mother want. How can I put

    this right? I have to please them. They dont want me. I have to please them, the

    doctor said it would be fineyou were a month overdue. But I wasnt listening

    now. I was wondering how to make amends.

    The car pulls up outside the school gates and I pull open the door. Its a boys

    school. A boys preparatory school. Can I be prepared anymore? How to please my

    parents, to be the girl they want but somehow cant have because of me?

    My God! If Im not going to be a boy, perhaps I cant be part of this. The noise of

    the slammed door.

    The car pulls away, the engine gently moving things on. The exhaust still steaming in

    the autumnal dampness. The leaves, perfect symmetrical figures, intense orange and

    red, fallen on the tarmacnow marked with the tracks of tyres.

    I become aware that the rain is not so gentle as I thought. The heavy drops are

    tumbling on my life. I put my satchel over my head, the smell of comforting wet

    leather closer to my face. I check in both directions and cross the road.