an icehouse to greenhouse transition in permian through triassic … · 2013. 4. 18. · central...
TRANSCRIPT
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An icehouse to greenhouse transition in Permian through Triassic sediments, Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
Peter Flaig, Bureau of Economic Geology
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Icehouse vs. Greenhouse
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Icehouse vs. Greenhouse
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Icehouse vs. Greenhouse
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Gornitz, 2009
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Svalbard and Antarctica both spent some time at high latitudes (in both modern and ancient times)
Both currently have little to no vegetation (laterally extensive outcrop exposures)
Some rocks are from similar time periods (compare Svalbard, northern hemisphere to Antarctica, southern hemisphere)
Can use Antarctic strata to show you some qualities of outcrop belts and sediments that we use to understand ancient environments
Understanding how changing environments are expressed in outcrops (Svalbard trip) helps us predict reservoir quality and reservoir geometries
Heading to Svalbard… so why talk about Antarctica?
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Idea: Step back and look at the outcrop as a whole (large scale) Look at the inetrplay between sand and mud deposition and preservation Make some prediction about reservoirs vs. source rocks and bad vs. good reservoirs Look closer at the facies to help us refine our interpretations (smaller scale)
From overall geometries- to facies- to environments
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Central Transantarctic Mountains Geology
Similar Age
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Catuneanu, 2004
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Volcanic Arc
Transantarctic Basin = retroarc foreland basin
Active Margin
Craton (continent)
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Long et al., 2008
Collinson et al., 2006
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Isbell et al., 2003
Glossopteris
Lystrosaurus
Dicroidium
Cynognathus
200 MA
415 MA
300
245
Th
is t
alk
P/T Ext.
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A Sense of Scale
Jurassic sill (Gondwana breakup)
300 m
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Laterally-extensive exposures- lacking vegetation
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Icehouse Antarctica, ~290 MA
Isbell et al., 2008
Isbell et al., 2012
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Icehouse Antarctica, ~290 MA
Isbell et al., 2008
Isbell et al., 2012
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Koch and Isbell, 2012
Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Pagoda Formation
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Koch and Isbell, 2012
Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Pagoda Formation
Outcrop Architecture
Jurassic sill (Gondwana breakup)
Mackellar Fm
Pagoda Fm
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Veevers & Powell, 1994
Miller & Frisch, 1987
E
W
E W
Vast inland sea with salinities reduced by steady influx of freshwater, likely from melting glaciers
Mackellar Formation
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Mackellar Formation
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Mackellar Formation
Source Rock - Hydrocarbons
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Veevers & Powell, 1994
Deltas prograde into the sea, beginning to fill the basin from east to west
Miller & Frisch, 1987
E
W
E W
Fairchild Formation
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Bhattacharya and MacEachern, 2009
Mackellar-Fairchild transition = delta, delta front, prodelta, and submarine channels
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Bhattacharya and MacEachern, 2009
(if we had well data, none in Antarctica)
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Mackellar-Fairchild Formation
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Miller & Frisch, 1987
Mackellar-Fairchild Formation
Sandstone Composition
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
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Miller and Isbell, 2010
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Buckley Formation
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Permian-Triassic Boundary
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Fremouw Formation
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Central Transantarctic Stratigraphy
Fremouw Formation
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Fremouw Formation
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Fremow = Quartzose (not volcanic)
Buckley = Volcaniclastic (not qtz.)
Permian transitional
sand
Sandstone Composition
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Icehouse to greenhouse transition in Antarctic strata
Can use facies and architectures in outcrop belts, along with other rock properties, to understand ancient environments and assess reservoir potential (reservoir quality, reservoir geometries, source rock)
Summary