An IDEA becomes INNOVATION

if it is transformed into REALITY

An ENHANCED DETECTION System for Railway and Subway

Tunnel and Station, based on INFRARED TECHNOLOGY

6th – 8th September 2016 STAVANGER

NORWAY

Fire Protection and Safety in Tunnels 2016

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Our eyes are detectors that are ‘designed’ to detect visible light (or visible

radiation)

The human eye can only see a very small part of the electromagnetic

spectrum.

The primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation.

Any object that has a temperature above absolute zero (-273.15 degrees

Celsius or 0 Kelvin) emits radiation in the infrared region.

We experience infrared radiation every day: the heat that we feel from sunlight,

a fire or a radiator is all infrared.

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGY, WHAT IT IS:

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

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Sir Herschel used a prism to reflect light from the sun and detected, beyond the red

part of the spectrum, an increase in the temperature, recorded on a thermometer. He

was surprised and called “ this kind of energy” CALORIFIC RAYS.

The term “infrared” appears in the late 19th century, when Max Planck demonstrated

the correlation between the “body temperature” and the INFRARED RADIATION.

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

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INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

Recent developments in detector technology have led to many useful applications

using infrared radiation.

Infrared imaging is used to detect heat loss in

buildings.

Infrared cameras are used in police and

security work, as well as in military

surveillance.

Medical infrared technology is used for

the non-invasive analysis of body tissues

and fluids.

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Infrared satellites are routinely used to measure

ocean temperatures, providing an early warning

for helping to identify potentially destructive

storms

Infrared rays support us in daily life

Infrared imaging is used to

test for stress and faults in

mechanical and electrical

systems

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

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In firefighting, infrared cameras are used to

locate people and animals caught in heavy

smoke and for detecting hot spots in forest

fires.

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

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FIRE AND INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

The visible radiation emitted by fire

is just a small amount of the emitted

energy.

In fire environments, temperatures of

hot surfaces, gases, and flames result

mainly in the infrared portion of the

spectrum.

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In the event of a live fire the IR detector responds immediately. Its

behavior is similar to that of an eye. In fact it "sees" the ENERGY

emitted by fire, and its sensitivity is inside the field of view

The Eye is faster

than the Nose.

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA

The infrared sensor technology is based on a consolidated field

experience that has been recently applied successfully also in Rolling

stock’s passenger area.

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The Detection System has been qualified in

compliance with the Italian Standard UNI 11565.

The fire detection is done by means of a continuous analysis of the energetic

levels emitted in the proper infrared band (7 to 15 µm) by the surfaces of the

protected area: in this way, the infrared device directly detects the fire source. This

is why it’s able to react in a very short time (<15 s).

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA

«Eye» Vision

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AMGC SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

CONTROLL UNIT

SMOKE SENSOR THERMOCAMERA

DIAGNOSTIC

ON BOARD

OPTICAL &

ACOUSTIC

SIGNAL WATER MIST SYSTEM

DOOR, VENTILATION,

POWER SUPPLY

MANAGEMENT

NEW INFRA RED SENSOR IR DETECTOR

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The Infrared thermography is the art of transforming an infrared image

into a radiometric one, which allows temperature values to be read from

the image

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA

Infrared energy (A) coming from an object is focused by the optics (B) onto

an infrared detector (C).

The detector sends the information to sensor electronics (D) for image

processing.

D C B A

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The sensor matrix is parted in sectors (R rows and C columns).

Combining the thermal status of portions of the matrix, it’s possible to

perform local and global analysis over three levels:

Level 1: Thermal level Analysis over every single pixel

Level 2: Thermal medium level Analysis over every sector

Level 3: Thermal medium level Analysis over the entire matrix

The partition of the matrix in more sectors allows the use of different

detection strategies for each sector (more or less sensible respect to

thermal levels and thermal variation gradients).

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA

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The energy associated with the infrared radiation, in the range from 7 to 15 µm,

is

absorbed by the individual pixels,

converted into an electrical signal and

reworked for obtaining the energy and temperature.

Finally, the temperature is sent to the control equipment. The elaboration of energy

and temperature values is performed many times per second, producing a matrix

of temperature values which has the same dimensions of the sensor physical

matrix.

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

IN ROLLING STOCK THE NEW IDEA

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INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES

IN STATION AND TUNNEL THE NEW IDEA

The exact same Technology installed on Rolling Stock is presently in

experimental operation phase in the Tunnels and Subway Stations, in Genova

Italy.

The success achieved in the Railway Sector, appears to be successfully

transitioning also in Infrastructure world

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ALGORITHM TO DECLARE ALLARM –

THE CORE TECHNOLOGY

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• Fast acting detection

• False threats detection, when action thresholds are not exceeded

• Detection also based on properly reflected energy

• On board personnel alerting

• High availability, for both HW and SW: MTBF higher than 106 h

• Not affected by the dust and humidity: very low maintenance

• Easy installation and fine integration into INTERIORS, due to large

and flexible Field of View (not only ceiling installation)

• Not affected by air flow effects

INFRA RED TECHNOLOGIES -

DISTINCTIVE PERFORMANCES

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IFDS-R High dust levels – caused by brakes and

high passenger numbers – create considerable false alarm issues for most fire detectors used in underground stations and transportation depots.

For example, the Heat from Dynamic breaking resistor (around 600 °C)

Each such incident can result in unnecessary station evacuations and a service disruptions, costing millions of pounds/euro in lost revenue every year. System reliability is key: seamless safety system integration and simplified ongoing maintenance.

Added to this are the effects of environmental fluctuation, which can also cause false alarms.

FALSE THREATS DETECTION

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THE ON-GOING AMGC EXPERIENCE IN

THERMO CAMERA STATION MONITORING

In DE FERRARI Station of Genova

Underground, AMGC is sponsoring

the experimental installation of a

Thermo-camera Monitoring

System; exactly the same System

for on board detection.

We believe the underground rail stations installed with reliable and intelligent

platform monitoring System, as IR Monitoring System, can ensure a safer and

more comfortable journey for passengers and workmen.

A key part of the fire safety arrangements are emergency plans, risk assessments and the Station and Tunnel inspection regimes. These have been developed by AMGC over the last 4 years and continue to be the subject of on-going review and improvement.

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ALGORITHM TO DECLARE ALLARM–

FROM FIELD EXPERIENCE

TO THE AMGC LAB SET UP

We record data in the Field and we

set up the Proper and Effective

Algorithm to declar WARNING and

ALARM, in the AMGC Lab, at the

Casalecchio Site. From FIELD

In AMGC LAB

To the Service

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IN SERVICE

ETR500- Italian High Speed Train Freccia Rossa Vivalto Italian Double

deck Regional train

Metro Leonardo and Metro Meneghino

Milan Underground

The vehicles provided with this system have performed in

operation more than 4 Ml hours without false alarms and a

MTBF > 1.000.000 hours of service.

Monitoring System Installed in Genova Subway - De Ferrari Station

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IR SENSOR COMBINES IN ONE COMPACT DEVICE UP TO 7 THERMO

PILES TO FORM A 16X28 PIXELS 162°X90° THERMAL DETECTOR

Sm IR

AMGC ENHANCED

SMART INFRARED SENSOR SMIR

SMIR Prototype

shape

SMIR Final shape

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• The Extinguishing System, WATER MIST type, use nitrogen (200 bar) as propellant for

discharging Potable Water through Spray Head (100 bar)

• AMGC adopts HIGH PRESSURE for the Added value of High pressure spray System:

the very small size of the droplets increase the water surface per litre.

the water consumption is very low, 20 -35 % compared to conventional

sprinklers

fixed the water quantity, the number of Spray Heads could be significantly

reduced

EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

Open Spray Head Nitrogen and water Unit

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Water mist LOW PRESSURE

Water mist HIGH PRESSURE